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- Konig-Haagen, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the discharging process of latent heat thermal energy storage units by means of normalized power parameters
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Storage. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-152X .- 2352-1538. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many efforts are being made to mitigate the main disadvantage of most phase change materials - their low thermal conductivities - in order to deliver latent heat energy storage systems (LHESS) with adequate perfor-mance. However, the effect of applied methods is difficult to compare as they are mostly tested for different storage types and sizes and/or different boundary and initial conditions, which hinders rapid progress in the optimization of these approaches. In this work, a previously developed method for comparing the performance of LHESS is applied to experimental results of different storage systems under different conditions and subsequently analyzed and further refined. The main idea of the method is to normalize the power with the volume and a reference temperature difference and compare its mean value plotted over the normalized mean capacity flow of the heat transfer fluid (HTF). This enables the presentation of the results in a compact and easily comparative way. Attention has to be paid when it comes to the choice of the reference temperature difference, the reference volume and the method for calculating the mean value. Two variants of calculating the mean value (time-weighted and energy-weighted) and two variants of reference temperatures for determining the temperature difference to the inlet temperature of the HTF (initial temperature and melting temperature) are applied and discussed in detail. While the method significantly increases the comparability of results, none of the options listed above are without drawbacks. Approaches are shown to reduce or eliminate these drawbacks in the future. The recommendation for comparing different LHESS under different conditions is to use the method described here and clearly state the chosen reference temperature, reference volume and method for calculating the mean value.
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| 3. |
- Ondra, T., et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Trial Designs for Targeted Therapies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important objective in the development of targeted therapies is to identify the populations where the treatment under consideration has positive benefit risk balance. We consider pivotal clinical trials, where the efficacy of a treatment is tested in an overall population and/or in a pre-specified subpopulation. Based on a decision theoretic framework we derive optimized trial designs by maximizing utility functions. Features to be optimized include the sample size and the population in which the trial is performed (the full population or the targeted subgroup only) as well as the underlying multiple test procedure. The approach accounts for prior knowledge of the efficacy of the drug in the considered populations using a two dimensional prior distribution. The considered utility functions account for the costs of the clinical trial as well as the expected benefit when demonstrating efficacy in the different subpopulations. We model utility functions from a sponsor's as well as from a public health perspective, reflecting actual civil interests. Examples of optimized trial designs obtained by numerical optimization are presented for both perspectives.
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| 4. |
- Tews, Ingo, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics: A Collection of Perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Few-Body Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-5411 .- 0177-7963. ; 63:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute for Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.
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