| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
|
|
| 3. |
- Airey, Sam, et al.
(författare)
-
"Georgetown ain't got a tree. We got the trees"-Amerindian Power & Participation in Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 8:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International bi-lateral agreements to support the conservation of rainforests to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are growing in prevalence. In 2009, the governments of Guyana and Norway established Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS). We examine the extent to which the participation and inclusion of Guyana's indigenous population within the LCDS is being achieved. We conducted a single site case study, focussing on the experiences and perceptions from the Amerindian community of Chenapou. Based on 30 interviews, we find that a deficit of adequate dialogue and consultation has occurred in the six years since the LCDS was established. Moreover, key indigenous rights, inscribed at both a national and international level, have not been upheld with respect to the community of Chenapou. Our findings identify consistent shortcomings to achieve genuine participation and the distinct and reinforced marginalisation of Amerindian communities within the LCDS. A further critique is the failure of the government to act on previous research, indicating a weakness of not including indigenous groups in the Guyana-Norway bi-lateral agreement. We conclude that, if the government is to uphold the rights of Amerindian communities in Guyana, significant adjustments are needed. A more contextualised governance, decentralising power and offering genuine participation and inclusion, is required to support the engagement of marginal forest-dependent communities in the management of their natural resources.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Betancur Alarcón, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Reaching for the Mountains at the End of a Rebelocracy: Changes in Land and Water Access in Colombia's Highlands During the Post-peace Agreement Phase
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-665X. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The armed conflict shaped and determined land-uses, water access and social and environmental norms in highlands regions in Colombia for several decades. The withdrawal of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) after the Peace Agreement with the government of Colombia in 2016, has brought new dynamics in access and uses of land leading to increasingly visible social-environmental impacts across the country. Social and environmental transformations are taking place in Colombia's highlands and páramo areas, which supply 70% of the country's freshwater. Yet, there is little understanding how these transformations occur. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork focusing on the experiences of local actors in natural resource access in Combia village, which was controlled by the FARC for over two decades until 2016. Combia is located in the Las Hermosas mountain region in the southwest of the country. Our interviews and revision of local and regional policy documents show how the transition from the social order under FARC control to a State-regulated phase led to an interplay of new actors and new authority figures which in turn reconfigure local land distribution and control over water. The shift of power as a direct result of the peace agreement and the retraction of the FARC reinforces unequal access to land and water, particularly for peasants without land ownership, which ironically has been the core issue in Colombia's protracted armed conflict.
|
|
| 6. |
- Brogaard, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation Region Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Deliverable 4.2 : Set of reports on CINA workshop findings in case study regions, compiled for ongoing co-design and knowledge exchange - Set of reports on CINA workshop findings in case study regions, compiled for ongoing co-design and knowledge exchange. ; , s. 296-331
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Älska Skog educational competition (Gothenburg, Sweden)Gothenburg-based educational institute Universeum is running annual design competitions on forest topics for primary school pupils, starting in 2016. Based on various activities in which pupils gain knowledge about forest-related challenges and opportunities as well as forestry, they would design plans to deal with those problems. After a first setup which ended in 2018, an evaluation and potential redesign of the competition was desired. This is where the InnoForESt approach came in to structure and guide the innovation process of this educational programme. The aim of the innovation process was to update the competition programme to contemporary complexities and explore new actor and contributor constellations.At the time of writing, the Innovation Team has organized four workshops of different kinds, differing in distribution and number of stakeholders participating. A first workshop discussed a wide variety of scenarios which took up current topics of sustainability/climate and using forests as a means of integration. This meant a potential broadening of the previous range of topics which revolved specifically around forest management topics. However, this potential broadening was not without risk. Private forestry actors were strongly tied into the previous institutional arrangement of the educational competition and a critical view on climate activities in forests could result in their withdrawal from cooperation. Hence, any scenario that would involve climate change would need to be formulated very carefully.Nevertheless, during a second workshop the Team focused more on climate as a topic and presented the participants with three further developed scenarios fleshing out the contents of climate-focused educational competitions. The choice to intensify work on climate as a topic for the educational programme was reaffirmed by an increased awareness for climate change following the 2018 extreme drought and heatwave, which in turn spurred Greta Thunberg, the Swedish high school student turned global climate champion. Interest of high school students in the problematic surged along with Greta’s impact on global environmental policy and media. Afterwards, the Team planned to present the new direction to the private forestry actors. This was not yet successful, partly because they could not participate in subsequent workshops. In lieu of developments on that front, the Team picked up the further didactical development of the programme and met up with the Universeum in-house pedagogues. They discussed how the eventually chosen climate scenario could be implemented from a didactical perspective.In what has been the last workshop for now the Team convened teachers to discuss the current scenario and hear their opinions on different possibilities regarding the didactical setup of the programme now targeting the older age group of high school students. In InnoForESt terms, the Team has reached far into the prototype development process and is already on the verge of mapping the road ahead. It seems that the governance innovation is heading towards a new content and a new target group.
|
|
| 7. |
- Collen, Wain Anthony, et al.
(författare)
-
Building local institutions for national conservation programs: lessons for developing Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) programs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT. For programs that aim to promote forest conservation and poverty alleviation, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), the participation of indigenous communities is essential to meet program goals. Using Ostrom's theory of collective action for common pool resource management, we evaluated the institutions governing indigenous participation in the Programa Socio Bosque incentive-based conservation program in Ecuador. We conducted structured interviews with 94 members in 4 communities to assess community institutions for 6 of Ostrom's principles, using 12 measures we developed for the principles. We found substantial variation between communities in terms of their institutional performance. The best-performing community performed well (>50% of interviewees reported successfully meeting the measure) on 8 of the 12 measures. The weakest performed well on only 2 out of 12 measures. Overall, our results indicate that there is stronger performance for constitutional-levelinstitutions, which determine who gets to make the rules, and some collective-choice institutions, which determine how local rules are made. We identified specific challenges with the day-to-day operational institutions that arise from participation in nation state–community conservation programs, such as restricted resource appropriation, monitoring and compliance, and conflict resolution. We found that top-down policy making has an important role to play in supporting communities to establish constitutional-level and some collective-choice institutions. However, developing operational institutions may take more time and depend on local families’ day-today use of resources, and thus may require a more nuanced policy approach. As some countries and donors find a jurisdictional REDD+ approach increasingly attractive, complementing top-down policy measures with bottom-up institutional development could provide a stronger platform to achieve the shift from current land use driving deforestation to a lower-carbon-emissions land management trajectory.
|
|
| 8. |
- Delabre, Izabela, et al.
(författare)
-
Unearthing the myths of global sustainable forest governance
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2059-4798. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite efforts to address the global forest crisis, deforestation and degradation continue, so we need to urgently revisit possible solutions. A failure to halt the global forest crisis contributes to climate change and biodiversity loss and will continue to result in inequalities in access to, and benefits from, forest resources. In this paper, we unpack a series of powerful myths about forests and their management. By exposing and better understanding these myths and what makes them so persistent, we have the basis to make the social and political changes needed to better manage and protect forests globally.
|
|
| 9. |
- Fonseca, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Survey data of public awareness on climate change and the value of marine and coastal ecosystems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term provision of ocean ecosystem services depends on healthy ecosystems and effective sustainable management. Understanding public opinion about marine and coastal ecosystems is important to guide decision-making and inform specific actions. However, available data on public perceptions on the interlinked effects of climate change, human impacts and the value and management of marine and coastal ecosystems are rare. This dataset presents raw data from an online, self-administered, public awareness survey conducted between November 2021 and February 2022 which yielded 709 responses from 42 countries. The survey was released in four languages (English, French, Spanish and Italian) and consisted of four main parts: (1) perceptions about climate change; (2) perceptions about the value of, and threats to, coasts, oceans and their wildlife, (3) perceptions about climate change response; and (4) socio-demographic information. Participation in the survey was voluntary and all respondents provided informed consent after reading a participant information form at the beginning of the survey. Responses were anonymous unless respondents chose to provide contact information. All identifying information has been removed from the dataset. The dataset can be used to conduct quantitative analyses, especially in the area of public perceptions of the interlinkages between climate change, human impacts and options for sustainable management in the context of marine and coastal ecosystems. The dataset is provided with this article, including a copy of the survey and participant information forms in all four languages, data and the corresponding codebook.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gerhardt, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Nog nu, politiker – ta klimatkrisen på allvar
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet Debatt. - 1103-9000. ; -:-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1944 svenska forskare och anställda i forskarvärlden: Vad är det ni inte förstår?
|
|
| 11. |
- Goodwin, Sean, et al.
(författare)
-
Connecting socio-ecological values and education on sustainable development: : a case study with Swedish primary school students
- 2020
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensuring engagement with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by younger generations is critical to the kind of transformational change necessary to achieve the goals, both now and after 2030. In encouraging stronger engagement, an understanding of the socio-ecological values held by children towards ecosystems is critical information in constructing effective, science-based policy for education on sustainable development. Innovative educational and research methods are therefore required in order to connect and align policy with these values. In filling this gap, this study focussed on the perception of primary school students in the Gothenburg area (ages 10-12, n=403) of fundamental ecosystem services provided by forests. Emphasis was placed on exploring how the methods employed and results gathered could be used to better inform educational policy. Data was gathered within a multi-stakeholder partnership involving schools, local government, and forestry industry actors with the aim to educate primary school aged children on the importance of forests. The results showed that the students displayed complex notions of value towards forest ecosystems, further revealing the differing state of knowledge of the importance of sustainable development between social demographic groups. In the Swedish context, these results direct where further emphasis should be placed in educational curriculum to further underscore positive society-nature interactions. Specifically, the potential importance of nature-based integration strategies through primary education for young people newly arriving in Sweden as immigrants and refugees was highlighted, offering insight into how SDGs 13 and 15 in particular could be better communicated to young people in this demographic.
|
|
| 12. |
- Goodwin, Sean, et al.
(författare)
-
Values held by Swedish primary school students towards forest ecosystems and the relevance for a nature’s contribution to people approach
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - 2639-5916. ; 15:1, s. 331-346
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How the concept of value is defined within ecosystem services operates as a filter through which important ecosystem features are identified by the specific benefits they provide to society and individuals. This value narrative reflects intrinsic and instrumental concepts which have been challenged by the Nature’s Contribution to People approach in additionally highlighting the importance of relational values, stemming from socio-cultural and ethical dimensions of human relationships with nature and ecosystems. Perceived as important for the interface between ecosystems and society, relational values are yet to be operationalised in ecosystem assessment processes. This study addresses the question of how this can be done by using a mixed method approach encompassing quantitative and qualitative data and methodologies. Our study focuses on how school children aged 10-12 years in Sweden (n=400) value forest ecosystem services, and further hints at the contextual factors that mediate their value perception. Children are an important demographic for reasons of intergenerational equity, and because of the temporal inertia of intensively managed forest ecosystems in Sweden. Our results show that students display complex notions of value encompassing intrinsic, instrumental and relational values alike, highlighting the importance of a broader discussion on the valuation of ecosystems through mixed methods approaches.
|
|
| 13. |
- Hansen, Melissa, et al.
(författare)
-
The Politics of Natural Resource Enclosure in South Africa and Ecuador
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Conservation and Society. - : Medknow. - 0975-3133 .- 0972-4923. ; 13:3, s. 287-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper examines the ways in which states facilitate 'new enclosures' of natural resources, and the challenges of this as a strategy of development and environmental sustainability. We argue that enclosures introduce significant changes in property regimes, which redefine conditions for the access and control of land and forest, especially for tribal and indigenous communities. In this context, we analyse two state-initiated projects-the iSimangaliso Wetland Park in South Africa, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the Socio Bosque incentive conservation programme in Ecuador.
|
|
| 14. |
- Heinrich, Luise, et al.
(författare)
-
Fishing in acid waters : A vulnerability assessment of the Norwegian fishing industry in the face of increasing ocean acidification
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. - : Wiley. - 1551-3777. ; 13:4, s. 778-789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean acidification (OA) describes a change in the ocean's carbonate chemistry. Whereas its chemical processes are largely understood, the biological and socioeconomic consequences particularly in relation to fisheries are less known. Norway is a major fishing nation worldwide and is potentially affected by OA. To improve the understanding of the socioeconomic consequences of OA, we conducted a risk assessment among the Norwegian counties using a modified version of a risk assessment framework introduced in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's "Special Report: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation," which considers risk to be the sum of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Our results show that about 13 of 19 counties are likely to experience moderate to high risk from OA. We highlight that the success of integrated risk assessments highly depends on the availability of detailed environmental, economic, and societal data. In the case of Norway, modeling data regarding the progress of OA, improved information on potential biological impacts on a larger number of species, and statistical data on social variables are required. We conclude that although still in its infancy, integrated risk assessments are important prerequisites for any form of interdisciplinary research on OA and the development of successful response strategies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;00:000-000. ©2016 SETAC.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hertog, Iris, et al.
(författare)
-
Barriers to expanding continuous cover forestry in Sweden for delivering multiple ecosystem services
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has the largest forest cover in the European Union, and for decades, Sweden's forest industry has pursued intensive forest management through tree plantations and clear-cutting in order to maximize wood production. The Swedish forestry sector is increasingly under pressure to transition away from intensive clear-cut forest management, but other forest management models are still a niche in Sweden’s forest management and face barriers in their wider uptake. We use transition theory and the multi-level perspective framework to analyse the dynamics within the Swedish forestry sector, and investigate the barriers that actors practicing and promoting Continuous Cover Forestry in Sweden face. We identify culture, forestry education, industrial networks and timber markets as domains where there is a mismatch between Continuous Cover Forestry and the current clear-cut forest management. Our analysis shows that the limited uptake of Continuous Cover Forestry in Sweden has explanations that go far beyond the lack of knowledge and ecological limitations that it is often associated with. Thus, we conclude that research and policy-making need to account for these diverse explanations and address the power and social dimensions associated with competing forest management models for building multi-functional forest ecosystems in the future.
|
|
| 16. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Krause, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
A new war on nature and people: taking stock of the Colombian peace agreement
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2059-4798. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-technical summary Almost 6 years have passed since the Colombian peace agreement was signed. However, the promise of a 'Stable and lasting peace' is slipping away as the transition towards peace is increasingly tainted and overshadowed with violence. The future of Colombia is at a crossroad and without international support and action taken to monitor global supply chains, these particular drivers of conflict, violence and environmental degradation will persist. We summarize the current situation and shed light on the complexities of building peace in Colombia, with a particular focus on the environmental changes that took place since the peace agreement was signed. Technical summary The Colombian peace agreement officially ended one of the world's longest internal armed conflicts. But the transformation of land use that takes place in the wake of the peace agreement has made the historic inequalities of access to land more visible and revealed inherent and violent struggles over resources that persist across the country. In this briefing we analyse the current status of peacebuilding in Colombia and highlight the major barriers and challenges in the current peacebuilding efforts. We show how the last few years brought severe and negative repercussions for people, communities and the natural environment in Colombia as cattle ranching, 'productive agriculture' and extractive industries are increasingly encroaching into indigenous territories, protected areas and forest ecosystems, replacing diverse natural forests that support biodiversity and contribute to human well-being locally and globally. The resurging presence of numerous armed groups seeking to control the profitable drug trade and mineral deposits are a major problem and obstacle for building lasting and sustainable peace among people and with the natural environment in Colombia. We conclude this briefing with points that we see as crucial to support the implementation of the peace agreement. Social media summary Colombia's peacebuilding effort must foster environmental stewardship and respect its biological and cultural diversity.
|
|
| 19. |
- Krause, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Benefit distribution and equity in Ecuador's Socio Bosque Program
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Society & Natural Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 26:10, s. 1170-1184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we analyze the equity and distribution of financial incentives in Ecuador's Programa Socio Bosque (PSB). PSB aims to conserve native ecosystems on privately owned lands while reducing rural poverty. Based on the analysis of 1,563 conservation contracts, representing nearly 900,000ha of land in Ecuador and more than 90,000 beneficiaries, we scrutinize the regional distribution of benefits among three regions (the Coast, the Andes, and the Amazon) and two contract types: land under individual ownership and land under collective ownership. We compare incentive distribution before and after a substantial change in the incentive scale, differentiating collective and individual landowners as well as forests and paramo ecosystems. Although PSB is a mechanism that incentivizes conservation stewardship, its distributional equity and ability to reduce rural poverty remain questionable, because poverty levels and population density in collective contracts are not sufficiently considered in the incentive scale.
|
|
| 20. |
- Krause, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Benefit-sharing experience in national scale conservation incentives programs in Ecuador and Peru
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- and international research projects have attempted to measure andquantify the importance of ecosystem goods and services for people.Nowadays, it is safe to claim that ecosystems, through their naturalprocesses and functions, provide services that are essential for humanwell-being. However, in industrialized societies people often forgethow intricately our daily lives depend on natural ecosystems and thegoods and services they provide. Nevertheless, in many parts of theworld, people’s dependence on the services supplied by nature ismore pronounced and direct.In the past years, an increasing number of policies and mechanismshave been devised in order to slow or reverse the incessantdegradation and destruction of ecosystems worldwide. The objectiveis to ensure the continuous provision of services that are of uttermostimportance for people. For instance, Direct Cash Transfers (DCT)or Payments for Environmental Services (PES) make it possible tofinance environmental protection or reward the delivery of specific,desirable ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration orbiodiversity habitat in another country. As an example, we can findthe implementation of PES schemes in many parts of the world. Suchschemes can be either local or global in their scope. A few countries,like Peru and Ecuador, have established national programs to rewardand promote both ecosystems protection and provision of servicebundles from private and collectively owned lands. Nonetheless,globally, there is an increasing scramble for securing the provision ofecosystem services from lands owned, managed, or used by local and indigenous people, with adverse effects and issues related to the localimpacts of this new form of natural resources appropriation.The inflow of financial rewards and incentives into local communitiesin exchange for the protection of ecosystems and the provision ofecosystem services can lead to adverse impacts, which are oftenneither well understood nor studied. For example, the establishmentand implementation of new restrictions and controls, as a consequenceof these new conservation efforts, bears costs for some while thebenefits accrue to others. Hence, before implementing programs likethese, it is important to pose the question regarding how to sharethe benefits of conservation or ecosystem service payments. Whichgroups benefit from these new financial flows? How are the benefitsmanaged? What are the institutional frameworks that guide benefitsharing?To what extent does it lead to an appropriation of ecosystemservices by others? This paper analyses these questions with a regionalfocus on Ecuador and Peru, where national incentive programs havebeen implemented and are running for a few years already.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Krause, Torsten
(författare)
-
Buying Conservation : Financial Incentives for Tropical Forest Conservation in the Ecuadorian Amazon
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Market-based instruments have become a widely used approach to motivate landowners to conserve forests instead of clearing them. However, such market-based instruments are increasingly criticized for their simplistic view on complex environmental, social and economic issues; for their ethical stance; and for creating exchange value for essential ecosystems services, which potentially perpetuates a flawed economic system. This dissertation analyses the potential of market-based instruments, in particular the use of financial incentives, to promote forest conservation and deliver social economic benefits. I study the Socio Bosque Program in order to understand to what extent both forest conservation and social objectives can be achieved through the implementation of a market-based instrument. Landowners and communities voluntarily join Socio Bosque and agree to preserve the ecosystem on their land and for that they receive yearly incentive payments for a period of 20 years. I focus on Indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon region. The incentive payments have diverse social and environmental effects. On a national level, the benefits of participating in Socio Bosque are not equitably distributed among regions and the participating landowners. An analysis of five Indigenous communities shows that although communities may benefit at large, the costs and benefits of conservation are unequally distributed within communities. Participation in decision-making about incentive use and information about the conservation program itself is weak among people who live in the communities studied. This is especially so for women and people who are not full community members. The emergence of conflicts due to the mismanagement of the incentives within communities is another outcome. Furthermore, the focus on forest and tree cover as an indicator for conservation success is insufficient, ignoring the complexity of tropical forest ecology and the importance of locally overhunted seed dispersing animal species. My study shows that money, as an agent of change for forest conservation, has to be seen with caution. The continuous support and meaningful participation of Indigenous communities who are forest owners is a key requirement for a more equitable, effective and inclusive long-term forest conservation. Although financial incentives can address poverty and help to conserve forests in the short run, this approach cannot compete against the underlying causes of deforestation, the increasing demand for raw materials and natural resources that are found in and under tropical forest areas.
|
|
| 24. |
- Krause, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Energizing agroforestry : Ilex guayusa as an additional commodity to diversify Amazonian agroforestry systems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 13:1, s. 191-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guayusa (Ilex guayusa) is a native tree of the western Amazon region grown by indigenou farmers in traditional agroforestry systems. Its leaves are used as a drink similar to tea, which is now commercialized and marketed outside of the Amazon. To assess the impacts from theearly stages of commercial guayusa production, we conducted interviews in four commercial guayusa-producing communities with indigenous guayusa farmers in the Ecuadorian Amazon. We focus on their experiences and critically discuss and speculate about the socio-ecological implications of the expanding commercialization of guayusa, particularly in relation to propositions of this special issue. Results reveal that revenues from guayusa have not overtaken those from other cash crops. Commercializing guayusa can have benefits for farmers and the environment, provided that rigorous criteria that measure social and environmental impacts are adhered to. Furthermore, guaysa production is characterized by vertical integration where many individual farmers supply one processing and wholesale company in a short value chain fostering a locally tailored certification approach that is able to exert the continuation of the traditional agroforestry practices. Yet, sustainability initiatives, standards and certification only provide partial solutions for protecting ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
|
|
| 25. |
- Krause, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating safeguards in a conservation incentive program : participation, consent, and benefit sharing in indigenous communities of the Ecuadorian Amazon
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - 1708-3087. ; 18:4, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critics suggest that Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) may not generate improvements in well-being for participating stakeholders, and may in fact undermine indigenous rights. To ensure positive social benefits from REDD+ projects, the United Nations REDD Programme has proposed core safeguards, including local stakeholder participation; free, prior, and informed consent; and equitable distribution of benefits. However, there is little experience to date in implementing and evaluating these safeguards. We apply these core safeguards as a framework to study how people in indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon perceive and benefit from Programa Socio Bosque, a conservation incentive program in Ecuador’s national REDD+ Programme portfolio. We interviewed 101 individuals in five communities that had participated in the Programa Socio Bosque for at least 18 months. Close to 80% of respondents reported that the decision to join Socio Bosque was made democratically, that they were familiar with the conservation goals of Socio Bosque, and that they were aware which area their community had selected for conservation. However, only 17% were familiar with the overall terms of the conservation agreement, implying that they were either not fully informed of or did not fully understand what they were consenting to in joining the program. Although the terms of the program require a community investment plan to be democratically developed by community members, less than half of respondents were aware of the existence of the investment plan, and fewer than 20% had participated in its development. The majority of respondents (61%) reported that they did not know the amount of incentives that their community currently receives, and only 44% stated that incentives were managed democratically in communal assemblies. Moreover, although a slight majority (53%) said they had noticed benefits to the community from participating in Socio Bosque, the majority (57%) said their family had not received any benefits. These results demonstrate a need to strengthen inclusive participation, better inform participants about program design, and improve the management of incentives within communities if incentive-based conservation programs are to achieve their social development and environmental goals.
|
|
