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| 4. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 6. |
- Baccini, M., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of heat on mortality in 15 european cities : attributable deaths under different weather scenarios
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 65:1, s. 64-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High ambient summer temperatures have been shown to influence daily mortality in cities across Europe. Quantification of the population mortality burden attributable to heat is crucial to the development of adaptive approaches. The impact of summer heat on mortality for 15 European cities during the 1990s was evaluated, under hypothetical temperature scenarios warmer and cooler than the mean and under future scenarios derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES).Methods: A Monte Carlo approach was used to estimate the number of deaths attributable to heat for each city. These estimates rely on the results of a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis that combines city-specific heat-mortality functions.Results: The number of heat-attributable deaths per summer ranged from 0 in Dublin to 423 in Paris. The mean attributable fraction of deaths was around 2%. The highest impact was in three Mediterranean cities (Barcelona, Rome and Valencia) and in two continental cities (Paris and Budapest). The largest impact was on persons over 75 years; however, in some cities, important proportions of heat-attributable deaths were also found for younger adults. Heat-attributable deaths markedly increased under warming scenarios. The impact under SRES scenarios was slightly lower or comparable to the impact during the observed hottest year.Conclusions: Current high summer ambient temperatures have an important impact on European population health. This impact is expected to increase in the future, according to the projected increase of mean ambient temperatures and frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves.
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| 7. |
- Abrahamsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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A preliminary study on DNA detection based on relative magnetic permeability measurements and histone HI conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles as magnetic tracers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 19:11, s. 1549-1557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histone H I conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles were assessed for their ability to work as magnetic tracers in conjunction with the relative magnetic permeability metre (MPM-100) for the detection and quantification of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The method employed was based on the electrostatic adsorption of DNA (analyte) to amino group derivatised silica (carrier) and subsequent binding of histone HI conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles (magnetic tracer). The sandwich complexes formed were separated from the medium by sedimentation and the relative magnetic permeability of the sediments were measured with the MPM-100. Investigations were made with both calf thymus DNA and plasmid DNA in aqueous buffered solution as well as in a lysed cell culture with high protein content. For the quantification of calf thymus DNA, a linear relationship between the DNA concentration in the sample and the relative magnetic permeability of the pellet was found for DNA concentrations up to 67 mug/ml in buffered solutions as well as in a lysed cell culture. The limits of detection were determined to 12 and 31 mug/ml, respectively. For the quantification of plasmid DNA in buffered solution a linear range was established for concentrations in up to 150 VLg/ml and the limit of detection was determined to 52 mug/lnl.
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| 8. |
- Ibraimi, Filiz, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid one-step whole blood C-reactive protein magnetic permeability immunoassay with monoclonal antibody conjugated nanoparticles as superparamagnetic labels and enhanced sedimentation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 384:3, s. 651-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapid (5.5 min) one-step whole blood C-reactive protein (CRP) magnetic permeability immunoassay utilizing monoclonal antibody conjugated dextran iron oxide nanoparticles (70 nm) as superparamagnetic labels and mixed fractions (1:1 ratio of 15-40 and 60 mu m) of polyclonal anti-CRP conjugated silica microparticles for enhanced sedimentation is described. In this one-step assay procedure, a whole blood sample (4 mu l) is applied to an assay glass vial, containing both antibody conjugates, and mixed for 30 s. The target analyte, CRP, forms a sandwich complex between the conjugated nanoparticles and microparticles, and, subsequently, the complex sediments under normal gravitation within 5 min to the bottom of the vial. The magnetic permeability increase of the sediment due to the presence of the complexed superparamagnetic nanoparticles is determined using an inductance-based transducer. Assayed patient whole blood samples were compared with the Abbott Diagnostics Architect reference method. A strong linear correlation was observed for the CRP concentration range 0-260 mg/l in whole blood (y=1.001x+0.42, R-2=0.982, n=50). The CRP assay presented showed a limit of detection of 3 mg/l and a total imprecision (coefficient of variation) of 10.5%. On the basis of our observations, we propose a rapid, one-step, CRP assay for near-patient testing.
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| 9. |
- Jirak, D, et al.
(författare)
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MRI of transplanted pancreatic islets
- 2004
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Ingår i: Magnetic resonance in medicine. - : Wiley. - 0740-3194. ; 52:6, s. 1228-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Kriz, Kirstin, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of C-Reactive Protein Utilizing Magnetic Permeability Detection Based Immunoassays
- 2005
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 77:18, s. 5920-5924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new sensing technology platform integrating magnetic permeability detection and a two-site heterogeneous immunoassay in a one-step analysis is described. As a platform model, measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), a cardiac and inflammation marker, were performed in a rapid (11.5 min) high-sensitivity (hs) procedure with a low detection limit (0.2 mg/L) and accuracy (CV = 11%). The two-site heterogeneous immunoassay was performed in 1.2-mL disposable reagents vials containing solid phase (polyclonal anti-CRP conjugated silica microparticles), labeling agent (monoclonal anti-CRP conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles), and reaction buffer. Whole blood (20 L) was assayed by introducing the sample into a reagent vial using a glass capillary and mixing its contents by hand for 30 s. After a 11-min sedimentation step, the vial was placed into the coil of the magnetic permeability detector, which measured the enrichment of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in the solid-phase sediment. Magnetic permeability detection and quantification is based on the principle that when paramagnetic materials are placed inside a coil, the inductance of the coil is influenced. Screening of CRP on whole blood patient samples showed good correlation with central hospital measurements for hsCRP (y = 1.018x - 0.021, R2 = 0.980, n = 103) and normal range CRP (y = 1.02x + 2.53, R2= 0.991, n = 33) analyses. The mean differences of the two methods according to the Bland and Altman plots were -0.03 ± 1.12 mg/L for hsCRP analysis and -3.4 ± 8.64 mg/L for normal range CRP analysis.
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| 11. |
- Lu, M, et al.
(författare)
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A combination of magnetic permeability detection with nanometer-scaled superparamagnetic tracer and its application for one-step detection of human urinary albumin in undiluted urine
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 21:12, s. 2248-2254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapid (6.5 min) and simple one-step magnetic immunoassay (MIA) has been developed for analysis of human urinary albumin in near patient settings. Polyclonal rabbit anti-human albumin was used as a capture antibody and monoclonal mouse anti-human albumin as a detection antibody in a two-site immunometric assay requiring no additional washing procedures. The polyclonal anti-human albumin was conjugated to silica microparticles (solid phase) and the monoclonal antibody to dextran-coated nanoscaled superparamagnetic particles (tracer). Quantification of human albumin in undiluted urine was performed by adding 2 mu L urine to a measuring vial containing solid-phase, superpararnagnetic tracer and reaction buffer and then inverting the vial by hand for 20 s. The measuring vial was allowed to stand for 6 min prior to detection, in order for the solid-phase sediment to form at the bottom of the vial. Lastly, the measuring vial was placed into a magnetic permeability detector, which measured the enrichment of superparamagnetic tracer in the sediment due to complex formation with human albumin. Total analysis time was 6.5 min. A linear response was obtained for 0-400 mg/L albumin with a detection limit of 5 mg/L. The total coefficient of variation (CV) was 11% calculated from four consecutive runs on a urine sample containing 11.1 mg/L human albumin during 3 consecutive days. Human urinary albumin analysis was performed on 149 patient samples using the MIA technique and the obtained results showed good correlation with the hospital immunoturbidimetric reference method (y = 1.004x + 4.01, R-2 = 0.978, N= 149) and a commercially available point of care albumin analysis provided by HemoCue Inc. (y = 0.98x + 5.8, R-2 = 0.833, N= 90). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Palmqvist, E, et al.
(författare)
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Dc-resistometric Urea Sensitive Device Utilizing A Conducting Polymer Film For the Gas-phase Detection of Ammonia
- 1995
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Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - 1873-4235. ; 10:3-4, s. 283-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction of an urea sensitive device based on a conducting polymer is described. The conducting polymer (polypyrrole) was exposed only to a gas-phase; this led to a significant improvement in its stability. A DC-resistometric measuring principle was used, which required only simple measuring equipment. The device responded rapidly to between 0 and 500 mM urea, with resistance changes of between 0 and 400 Ohms. The measurement of the urea content of a sample and subsequent regeneration took 20 min.
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| 14. |
- Gryparis, Alexandros, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of ozone on mortality from the "air pollution and health : a European approach" project.
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 170:10, s. 1080-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach (APHEA2) project, the effects of ambient ozone concentrations on mortality were investigated. Data were collected on daily ozone concentrations, the daily number of deaths, confounders, and potential effect modifiers from 23 cities/areas for at least 3 years since 1990. Effect estimates were obtained for each city with city-specific models and were combined using second-stage regression models. No significant effects were observed during the cold half of the year. For the warm season, an increase in the 1-hour ozone concentration by 10 mug/m3 was associated with a 0.33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.52) increase in the total daily number of deaths, 0.45% (95% CI, 0.22-0.69) in the number of cardiovascular deaths, and 1.13% (95% CI, 0.62-1.48) in the number of respiratory deaths. The corresponding figures for the 8-hour ozone were similar. The associations with total mortality were independent of SO2 and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 mum (PM10) but were somewhat confounded by NO2 and CO. Individual city estimates were heterogeneous for total (a higher standardized mortality rate was associated with larger effects) and cardiovascular mortality (larger effects were observed in southern cities). The dose-response curve of ozone effects on total mortality during the summer did not deviate significantly from linearity.
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| 17. |
- Lidgren, L, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic fermentation control based on a real-time in situ SIRE (R) biosensor regulated glucose feed
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 21:10, s. 2010-2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring and regulation of fermentations is of a paramount industrial and academic importance in order to keep conditions optimal during the entire process. Established techniques employed today include HPLC and spectrophotometry, which both have the disadvantage that broth samples have to be drawn from the fermentor and that they often require sample pre-treatment. The objectives of this study was to design and evaluate a software controlled automatic real-time SIRE (R) biosensor connected to a glucose feed solution pump for in situ based monitoring and regulation of the glucose concentration during a yeast fermentation process. The maximal frequency for the measuring-regulation cycles was 30/h. A 10 mM mean glucose concentration level was successfully maintained within +/- 0.013 mM during 60 min fermentations at various concentrations of yeast (10, 20, 40 and 80 g/l). The on/off-regulator used caused some expected fluctuations (oscillations) of the glucose concentration around the mean value (0.12 mM at 10 g/l, +/- 0.26 mM at 20 g/l, +/- 0.51 mM at 40 g/l, and +/- 0.99 mM at 80 g/l). A 7-h fermentation process (10 mM glucose and 20 g/l yeast) was successfully monitored and regulated. The obtained measuring data were found to be 8.5-22.9% lower than data obtained with a commercially available spectrophotometric kit. The difference increased linearly (-0.26 mM/h), during the fermentation process and indicated that some clogging of the in situ positioned probe occurred. The speed and the automatisation adaptability of the presented device suggest advantages compared to established techniques.
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| 18. |
- Svensson, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation and evaluation of a method for determination of ethanol with the SIRE (R) Biosensor P100, using alcohol dehydrogenase as recognition element
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 21:5, s. 705-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for rapid determination of ethanol was developed, using alcohol dehydrogenase as recognition element for the SIRE (R) (sensors based on injection of the recognition element) Biosensor, which is an amperometric biosensor. The method was simple, fast, accurate, specific and cost-effective. The recognition element solution used was stable at least for 24h in room temperature, and at least one month when lyophilised. The optimal potential versus the silver wire electrode, the optimal pH of the buffer and the optimal temperature of the water bath was determined to be +950 mV, 8.1 and 308 K, respectively. The optimal concentrations of alcohol dehydrogenase, BSA and NAD(+) were deterntined to be 200 U/ml, 20 mg/ml and 15 mM, respectively. The total analysis time was between 50s and 4 min per analysis, depending on the concentration ran-e. The linear range was 0-12.5 mM. The detection limit was less than 0.1 mM. The repeatability (%R.S.D.) was 3-5% (n = 10). The reproducibility was 5-8% (n = 5). Methanol gave no signal at all, but higher alcohols, such as propanol, pentanol and hexanol, gave significant signals, decreasing with increasing length of the carbon chain. The price for one measurement was calculated to be 0.052 euro. The results from measurements with the biosensor were compared to those from an established analysis kit for ethanol. The results correlated well (R-2 = 0.9874). The concentration of ethanol in different alcoholic beverages was investigated and correlated well with the concentrations given by the manufacturers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Vallabh, Sonia M., et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic Trial of anle138b in Mouse Models of Genetic Prion Disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 97:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need to develop drugs for prion disease, a currently untreatable neurodegenerative disease. In this effort, there is a debate over which animal models can best support a drug development program. Phenotypic screening has yielded small-molecule inhibitors of prion replication that are effective in vivo against certain prion strains but not others. Here, we sought to test the small molecule anle138b in multiple mouse models of prion disease. In mice inoculated with the RML strain of prions, anle138b doubled survival and durably suppressed astrogliosis measured by live-animal bioluminescence imaging. In knock-in mouse models of the D178N and E200K mutations that cause genetic prion disease, however, we were unable to identify a clear, quantifiable disease endpoint against which to measure therapeutic efficacy. Among untreated animals, the mutations did not impact overall survival, and bioluminescence remained low out to >20 months of age. Vacuolization and PrP deposition were observed in some brain regions in a subset of mutant animals but appeared to be unable to carry the weight of a primary endpoint in a therapeutic study. We conclude that not all animal models of prion disease are suited to well-powered therapeutic efficacy studies, and care should be taken in choosing the models that will support drug development programs.IMPORTANCE There is an urgent need to develop drugs for prion disease, a currently untreatable neurodegenerative disease. In this effort, there is a debate over which animal models can best support a drug development program. While the study of prion disease benefits from excellent animal models because prions naturally afflict many different mammals, different models have different capabilities and limitations. Here, we conducted a therapeutic efficacy study of the drug candidate anle138b in mouse models with two of the most common mutations that cause genetic prion disease. In a more typical model where prions are injected directly into the brain, we found anle138b to be effective. In the genetic models, however, the animals never reached a clear, measurable point of disease onset. We conclude that not all prion disease animal models are ideally suited to drug efficacy studies, and well-defined, quantitative disease metrics should be a priority.
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