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- Abe, K., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221. ; 17:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218 +/- 9 mu s.
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- Piras, F, et al.
(författare)
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White matter microstructure and its relation to clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1, s. 173-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microstructural alterations in cortico-subcortical connections are thought to be present in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, prior studies have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps because small sample sizes provided insufficient power to detect subtle abnormalities. Here we investigated microstructural white matter alterations and their relation to clinical features in the largest dataset of adult and pediatric OCD to date. We analyzed diffusion tensor imaging metrics from 700 adult patients and 645 adult controls, as well as 174 pediatric patients and 144 pediatric controls across 19 sites participating in the ENIGMA OCD Working Group, in a cross-sectional case-control magnetic resonance study. We extracted measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) as main outcome, and mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity as secondary outcomes for 25 white matter regions. We meta-analyzed patient-control group differences (Cohen’s d) across sites, after adjusting for age and sex, and investigated associations with clinical characteristics. Adult OCD patients showed significant FA reduction in the sagittal stratum (d = −0.21, z = −3.21, p = 0.001) and posterior thalamic radiation (d = −0.26, z = −4.57, p < 0.0001). In the sagittal stratum, lower FA was associated with a younger age of onset (z = 2.71, p = 0.006), longer duration of illness (z = −2.086, p = 0.036), and a higher percentage of medicated patients in the cohorts studied (z = −1.98, p = 0.047). No significant association with symptom severity was found. Pediatric OCD patients did not show any detectable microstructural abnormalities compared to controls. Our findings of microstructural alterations in projection and association fibers to posterior brain regions in OCD are consistent with models emphasizing deficits in connectivity as an important feature of this disorder.
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- Curran, S.J., et al.
(författare)
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On the absence of molecular absorption in high-redshift millimetre-band searches
- 2011
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 416:3, s. 2143-2153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have undertaken a search for millimetre-waveband absorption (through the CO and HCO(+) rotational transitions) in the host galaxies of reddened radio sources (z = 0.405-1.802). Despite the colour selection (optical-near-infrared colours of V - K greater than or similar to 5 in all but one source), no absorption was found in any of the eight quasars for which the background continuum flux was detected. On the basis of the previous (mostly intervening) H(2) and OH detections, the limits reached here and in some previous surveys should be deep enough to detect molecular absorption according to their V - K colours. However, our survey makes the assumption that the reddening is associated with dust close to the emission redshift of the quasar and that the narrow millimetre component of this emission is intercepted by the compact molecular cores. By using the known millimetre absorbers to define the colour depth and comparing this with the ultraviolet luminosities of the sources, we find that, even if these assumptions are valid, only 12 of the 40 objects (mainly from this work) are potentially detectable. This is assuming an excitation temperature of T(x) = 10 K at z = 0, with the number decreasing with increasing temperatures (to zero detectable at T(x) greater than or similar to 100 K).
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- Bruin, WB, et al.
(författare)
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Structural neuroimaging biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium: medication matters
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 10:1, s. 342-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for OCD, using 46 data sets with 2304 OCD patients and 2068 healthy controls from the ENIGMA consortium. We performed machine learning analysis of regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume and tested classification performance using cross-validation. Classification performance for OCD vs. controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor. When models were validated on data from other sites, model performance did not exceed chance-level. In contrast, fair classification performance was achieved when patients were grouped according to their medication status. These results indicate that medication use is associated with substantial differences in brain anatomy that are widely distributed, and indicate that clinical heterogeneity contributes to the poor performance of structural MRI as a disease marker.
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- Choudhury, Maidul I., et al.
(författare)
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Application of Floating Beds Constructed with Woodchips for Nitrate Removal and Plant Growth in Wetlands
- 2024
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 235:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constructed wetlands and constructed floating wetlands are widely used for nitrogen (N) removal from surface water to combat eutrophication in freshwaters. Two main N removal pathways in freshwaters are plant biomass N uptake and denitrification, i.e. transformation of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrous oxide (N2O) or nitrogen gas (N2) by different microbes possessing nirK, nirS, nosZI, and nosZII genes. In this study, we tested woodchips-based floating beds (WFBs) as a nature-based and environment-friendly method to remove nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from water. Moreover, we tested whether WFBs could support the growth of three selected plant species and the abundance of microbes on plant roots and woodchips as a proxy for WFBs' denitrification potential. We conducted a greenhouse experiment for 90 days and measured NO3-N removal rates from water in WFBs mesocosms during five sampling occasions. Plant biomass production, biomass N uptake, and plant morphology related to N uptake and abundance of denitrifying organisms were measured at the end of the experiment. NO3-N removal rates were 29.17 +/- 11.07, 28.18 +/- 12.62, 25.28 +/- 9.90, and 22.16 +/- 7.79 mg L-1 d-1 m-2 (mean +/- standard deviation) in Glyceria maxima, Juncus effusus, Filipendula ulmaria, and unplanted WFBs treatments, respectively for whole experimental period. N content in above- and belowground biomass of studied species ranged between 0.98 - 1.15 and 1.09 - 1.28 (% dry weight), respectively. Plant relative biomass production was 215 +/- 61, 67 +/- 18, and 7 +/- 17 (% dry weight) for G. maxima, J. effusus and F. ulmaria, respectively. Denitrifiers were detected both on plant roots and woodchips, indicating WFBs' denitrification potential. Our study highlights that WFBs could be applied to enhance NO3-N removal from surface water through plant biomass uptake and denitrification processes. Future studies should consider the long-term in situ application of WFBs for NO3-N removal from water.
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