| 1. |
- Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Phuong, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Individual-, social- and policy- factors associated with smoking cessation among adult male cigarette smokers in Hanoi, Vietnam: a longitudinal study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNearly one-in-two Vietnamese men smoke cigarettes placing them among the highest tobacco consumers in the world. Despite the need for smoking cessation to curb the burden of tobacco-related diseases in Vietnam, this rate remains at less than 30%. Therefore, this study examines individual-, social- and policy factors associated with smoking cessation among adult male smokers in Vietnam.MethodsWe established a longitudinal International Tobacco Control study of male smokers in Hanoi, Vietnam, in September 2018. This paper analyses 1525 men who participated in baseline and one-year follow-up. We applied a weighted multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between smoking cessation and individual-, social- and policy predictors.ResultsAt follow-up, 14.8% of participants had quit smoking for at least 30 consecutive days during the last year. Among the persistent smokers, 56.6% expressed intention to quit smoking. Factors associated with smoking cessation included a lower number of cigarettes smoked per day (aOR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99) and having several attempts to quit smoking (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.13, 4.12). Intention to quit smoking was associated with multiple quit attempts, a chronic condition diagnosis, more tobacco-related knowledge, greater self-efficacy, and more worries about their future health. The perceived impact of smoke-free policy and health warning labels were positively associated with intention to quit at any stage.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at increasing smoking cessation should focus on all aspects of individual, social, and policy factors. Persistent smokers are more motivated to quit if they have made multiple quit attempts, more self-efficacy of quitting and worried about their future health, indicating that increasing smokers' beliefs and knowledge may be important for behavioural change. Health warning labels and tobacco taxation policies should be maintained and promoted as they are perceived to be particularly useful for persistent smokers' intention to quit.
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| 2. |
- Bergman, Bodil, 1940, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Evaluation of the “Men’s Polarized Gender Thinking Questionnaire (MPGQ)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Gender in Management. - 1754-2413 .- 1754-2421. ; 29:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a new measure of gender equality at male-dominated workplaces, allowing quantitative analyses of men's beliefs about gender-based inequality at work. Design/methodology/approach – The present paper examines a questionnaire developed from qualitative interviews based on grounded theory methodology and designed to assess men's beliefs about gender inequality. A 23-item version of the Men's Polarized Gender Thinking Questionnaire (MPGQ) was completed by a sample of 220 men from three different male-dominated organizations in Sweden. Recommended psychometric testing procedures were conducted. Findings – Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor model of male attitudes to gender-based inequality: different views on success, stereotypical gender roles – different jargons, benevolent sexism, conscious of gender order, conscious of the male norm system and strategies for gender equality at work. The final model showed acceptable fit to data. All six factors were positively intercorrelated. Practical implications – It was concluded that the MPGQ provides a useful tool for further studies of men's sometimes polarized views of gender equality in male-dominated workplaces. Hence, MPGQ may allow researchers and practitioners to go deeper in their understanding of persistent and often hidden gender-based inequality at work. Originality/value – Equality plans are difficult to fulfill if people do not know on which subtle mechanisms the concept gender-based inequality is founded. The MPGQ illustrates how they are manifested at a specific workplace. Because of the scarcity of this type of workplace measures, this study may make a contribution of concern to the literature. By measuring these sometimes polarized beliefs, management strategies aiming at decreasing barriers to gender equality at work could become more accurate and efficient.
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Employees’ Conceptions of Coworkership in a Swedish Health Care Organization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2245-0157. ; 7:4, s. 91-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of coworkership is widely established as a top-down communication strategy within organizations. However, interpretations may differ between organizational levels, and the employees’ point of view is still largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to explore and describe conceptions of coworkership among employees with different professions in a Swedish health care organization. Twelve focus group interviews were conducted with 68 employees, and the data were analyzed using phenomenography. Coworkership was experienced as a collective process, which included colleagues but not explicitly managers. Five categories emerged, representing different conceptions of coworkership: group coherence and striving toward a common goal, cooperation over professional and organizational boundaries, work experience and trusting each other’s competence, social climate and sense of community, and participation and influence. The collective process in terms of cooperation is closely related to team climate, which in turn influences the quality of patient care and a health-promoting work environment.
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| 4. |
- Bertilsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Association of stigmatizing attitudes with people's opinion of depression as a valid reason for sickness absence: A Swedish vignette study
- 2022
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Ingår i: WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815. ; 73:2, s. 495-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Depression is a common cause of sickness absence (SA) and also highly associated with stigma. Few studies have addressed the role of stigma in relation to SA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if attitudes to depression were associated with the public's opinion of depression as a valid reason of SA. METHODS: The study population (n = 2413) originated from a web-based panel of citizens. The survey included a short vignette describing a person with symptoms of depression and the person's work tasks, followed by a question on recommendation of SA. Negative attitudes were measured by the Depression Stigma Scale. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for the likelihood of not recommending SA, controlling for individual and work-related co-variates. RESULTS: The crude association between negative attitudes and not recommending SA was OR 2.15 (95% CI, 1.76-2.62). In the fully adjusted model the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.40 - 2.21) for not recommending SA. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with negative attitudes to depression were more likely to not consider depression as a valid reason of sickness absence. The study supports theories on layered stigma; attitudes from one arena are related to other arenas. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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| 5. |
- Bertilsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Health care professionals´ experience-based understanding of individuals´ capacity to work while depressed and anxious
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 22:2, s. 126-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The meaning of capacity to work while depressed and anxious is not well comprehended. The aim of this study was to explore and describe health care professionals’ experience-based understanding of capacity to work in individuals with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Method. An exploratory qualitative design was used. Four focus groups were conducted with 21 professionals from psychiatric, occupational, and primary health care. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results. Capacity to work while depressed and anxious was understood as a change from the familiar to a no longer recognizable performance at work. Managing time, daily work demands, and emotions was described as difficult for the patients, and capacity to work could be fragmented by anxiety attacks. Patients were perceived as continuing to work while life outside work crumbled. Capacity to work was described as part of a greater whole, the work community, and the patient’s participation in the work community was considered problematic. Conclusions. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the reduced capacity to work compared with theoretical or medico-administrative descriptions. Applied to patient encounters it could promote fitness-for-work dialogues, rehabilitation, and tailor-made work interventions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bertilsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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The capacity to work puzzle: a qualitative study of physicians' assessments for patients with common mental disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bmc Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Entitlement to sickness benefits is a legal process requiring health-related reduced work capacity confirmed by a physician via a sickness certificate. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning physicians' clinical practice of work capacity assessments for patients with common mental disorders (CMD). Physicians claim more knowledge and skills in how to actually do the assessments. The aim of this study was to explore physicians' tacit knowledge of performing assessments of capacity to work and the need for sickness absence in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Methods: We performed a qualitative study with open-ended interviews and a short video vignette of a physician and a patient with depression as stimuli. Participating physicians (n = 24) were specialized in general practice, occupational health or psychiatry and experienced in treating patients with depression and anxiety. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive content analysis was used as the analytical tool. Results: Five categories were identified. Category 1 identified work capacity assessment as doing a jigsaw puzzle without any master model. The physicians both identified and created the pieces of the puzzle, mainly by facilitating strategies to make the patient a better supplier of essential information. The finished puzzle made up a highly individualized comprehensive picture required for adequate assessment. Categories 2-4 identified the particular essential pieces of information the participants used, relating to the patient's disorder, capacity in the work place and contextual everyday life. For the sickness absence assessment, apart from decreased work capacity, the physicians also took particulars of the work place into account; e.g. could the work place handle an employee with reduced capacity. Conclusions: Physicians' tacit knowledge of assessing work capacity and the need for sickness absence for patients with CMD was identified as doing a jigsaw puzzle. The physicians became identifiers and creators of the pieces of the puzzle using a broad palette of essential information. Our findings contribute to the knowledge gap on clinical assessment and can be used as an educational tool. Because they are based on the professions' tacit knowledge, acceptance of the model can be expected to be high.
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| 9. |
- Blom, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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How gender and low mental health literacy are related to unmet need for mental healthcare: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 82:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMen are more likely to have unmet need for mental healthcare than women. However, an under-investigated aspect of the gender difference is the role of mental health literacy. This study investigated how combinations of gender and mental health literacy were related to two indicators of unmet need: not perceiving a need for mental healthcare despite poor mental health, and refraining from seeking mental healthcare.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire sent to a general population sample, aged 16-84 years, in Stockholm County, Sweden, in 2019. Of the 1863 respondents (38%), 1563 were included (>= 18 years). The sample was stratified into four groups, men and women with low or high mental health literacy, using the third quartile of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule. The likelihood of not perceiving a need for mental healthcare and refraining from seeking mental healthcare, at any time in life, were investigated by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsMen with low mental health literacy were most likely to not perceive a need for mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age, education, and poor mental health (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.7), and to refrain from seeking mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age and education (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4), followed by men with high mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, and OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and women with low mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Women with high mental health literacy were least likely (reference group).ConclusionThe results show differences in the likelihood of unmet need for mental healthcare based on combinations of gender and mental health literacy level, with men having low mental health literacy being most at risk, and women with high mental health literacy being least at risk. This challenges generalisations of a gender difference in unmet need by showing heterogeneity among men and women based on mental health literacy. Men with low mental health literacy may be particularly in need of targeted interventions to reduce potential individual and societal consequences of their unmet need.
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| 10. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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To Live, Not Only Survive - An Ongoing Endeavor : Resilience of Adult Swedish Women Abused as Children.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A significant proportion of individuals exposed to maltreatment in childhood adapt positively in adulthood despite the adversities, i.e., show resilience. Little is known about resources and processes related to adulthood that promote resilience. Since women are overrepresented as victims of intrafamilial violence, understanding resilience among adult women is important. Objective: To explore experiences of resilience among adult women who perceive well-being and well-functioning although being exposed to maltreatment during childhood. Participants and Setting: This study included 22 women with experiences of childhood maltreatment, mean age of 48 years, living in Sweden. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted and analyzed according to constructivist grounded theory. Results: The process of resilience was experienced as an ongoing endeavor to live, not only survive, an internal process that interacted with external processes involving social relations and conditions. This endeavor was built on four interrelated resources: establishing and maintaining command of life; employing personal resources; surrounding oneself with valuable people; and reaching acceptance. These worked together, not in a linear or chronological order, but in up and down ways, turns and straight lines (now and then), through the process from maltreatment to well-being. Conclusion: Resilience was found to rest on intrapersonal and interpersonal resources. Individual's inherent capabilities can be, depending on life circumstances and available resources, realized in a way that promote well-being and well-functioning despite severe adversities. Therefore, public health initiatives, social services, and policies should provide conditions that help women maltreated in childhood to live fully rather than merely to survive.
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| 11. |
- Haukenes, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Inequity in disability pension: an intersectional analysis of the co-constitution of gender, education and age. The Hordaland Health Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Critical Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0958-1596 .- 1469-3682. ; 29:3, s. 302-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Social position, education, gender and increasing age are all identified as important risk factors for disability pension. This study takes an intersectionality approach and examines their co-constitution, in relation to inequity in disability pension. The population included 22,203 middle-aged men and women participating in the community-based Hordaland Health Study, Western Norway (1997–1999). The participants were categorised in four exposure groups: higher educated men, higher educated women, lower educated men and lower educated women. The outcome was disability pension from 1992 to end of 2007, from a national registry. Using recommendations for intersectionality-informed quantitative research, we estimated the main effects of gender and educational attainment on disability pension, and potential statistical multiplicative interactions between gender and education in relation to cause-specific and all-cause disability pension. For all-cause disability pension, men with higher education had the lowest risk for disability pension (rate per 1000 person-years: 2.01) during the course of working life (from age 35 to 57), followed by higher educated women (rate 3.56), and lower educated men (rate 4.59). Finally, women with lower education had a substantially increased risk already in early middle age (rate 8.39). We found a statistical multiplicative effect of lower education and female gender on all-cause disability pension and disability pension with musculoskeletal disorders compared with men with higher education. The discussion highlights that inequity in disability pension is not only about defining vulnerable groups, but also about understanding how privileges and disadvantages are unequally distributed.
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| 12. |
- Hedenrud, Tove, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent Headache and Work Ability A Population-Based Study in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1076-2752. ; 56:5, s. 472-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between frequent headache and self-reported mental and physical work ability in a general population sample in Sweden. Methods: The study was conducted in western Sweden in 2008. Frequent headache was analyzed in relation to mental and physical work ability. Covariates included demographics and socioeconomic variables, work-related variables, and a symptom index. Self-reported and register-based sickness absence data were also analyzed. Results: Sixteen per cent of those who answered the question about headache (n = 2590) had frequent headache (at least once a week). Regression analyses showed that frequent headache sufferers were twice more likely to have poor mental and physical work ability than those having infrequent headache. Conclusions: Frequent headache was associated with poor mental and physical work ability but not with sickness absence.
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| 13. |
- Henriksson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Cause-specific mortality in Swedish males diagnosed with non-psychotic mental disorders in late adolescence: a prospective population-based study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of epidemiology and community health. - : BMJ. - 1470-2738 .- 0143-005X. ; 72:7, s. 582-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While risk of premature death is most pronounced among persons with severe mental illness, also milder conditions are associated with increased all-cause mortality. We examined non-psychotic mental (NPM) disorders and specific causes of natural death in a cohort of late adolescent men followed for up to 46 years.Prospective cohort study of Swedish males (n=1 784 626) who took part in structured conscription interviews 1968-2005. 74 525 men were diagnosed with NPM disorders at or prior to conscription. Median follow-up time was 26 years. HRs for cause-specific mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.Risks in fully adjusted models were particularly elevated for death by infectious diseases (depressive and neurotic/adjustment disorders (HR 2.07; 95%CI 1.60 to 2.67), personality disorders (HR 2.90; 95%CI 1.96 to 4.28) and alcohol-related and other substance use disorders (HR 9.02; 95%CI 6.63 to 12.27)) as well as by gastrointestinal causes (depressive and neurotic/adjustment disorders (HR 1.64; 95%CI 1.42 to 1.89), personality disorders (HR 2.77; 95%CI 2.27 to 3.38) and alcohol-related/substance use disorders (HR 4.41; 95%CI 3.59 to 5.42)).Young men diagnosed with NPM disorders had a long-term increased mortality risk, in particular due to infectious and gastrointestinal conditions. These findings highlight the importance of early preventive actions for adolescents with mental illness.
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| 14. |
- Hensing, Gunnel, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in how women and men in a Swedish population-based sample think about sick leave: A cross-sectional vignette study
- 2024
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Ingår i: WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 77:3, s. 827-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gender differences in attitudes towards depression gives reason to believe that sociocultural gender norms play a role in other areas. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test (i) if the likelihood to think that sick leave with depression symptoms is not reasonable varies between women and men, and (ii) if the likelihood to think sick leave is not reasonable varies depending on the gender of the individual with depression symptoms. METHODS: A study population of 3147 participants responded to a web-survey with a written case briefly describing a man or woman with symptoms of depression. Respondents were asked if they thought it is reasonable that the person was sick listed for two weeks. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: After controlling for age, education, self-rated health, and respondent's own experience of sickness absence the adjusted OR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.25-1.67) for men being less likely to think sick-leave was reasonable. Gender difference decreased when adjusting for negative attitudes towards depression (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.44). No difference was found between how women and men thought about sick leave in relation to the gender of the case described in the vignette. CONCLUSION: Men were more likely to think that sick leave was not reasonable with decreased OR after adjustment for negative attitudes towards depression. Gender norms might be part of the explanation for differences but are challenging to test. This study contributes to a bourgeoning research field on gendered attitudes and sick leave, in terms of theoretical reasoning and methodological choice.
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| 15. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Remain in Work-What Work-Related Factors Are Associated With Sustainable Work Attendance A General Population-Based Study of Women and Men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1536-5948. ; 56:3, s. 235-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyze if organizational climate and work commitment, demand and control, job strain, social support and physical demands at work are associated with remain in work (RIW), i.e. work attendance without sick-leave over 15 days per year. Methods: This Swedish cross-sectional study was based on 4,013 workers (19–64 years), randomly selected from a general population. Data was collected (2008) through postal questionnaire and registers. Results: Fair organizational climate, the combination of fair organizational climate and fair work commitment, high control and low physical demands was associated with RIW for women and men. Conclusions: This study adds to the rather scarce research findings on factors that promote RIW by identifying work organizational factors and physical prerequisites as being important. Preventive work to create a healthy work environment could be directed at improving organizational climate and reducing physical demands.
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| 16. |
- Knapstad, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Registry-based analysis of participator representativeness: A source of concern for sickness absence research?
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2016.Objectives: Selective participation can bias results in epidemiological surveys. The importance of health status is often suggested as a possible explanation for non-participation but few empirical studies exist. In a population-based study, explicitly focused on sickness absence, health and work, we examined whether a history of high levels of sickness absence was associated with non-participation. Design: The study is based on data from official sickness absence registers from participants, non-participants and the total target population of the baseline survey of the Health Assets Project (HAP). Setting: HAP is a population-based cohort study in the Västra Götaland region in South Western Sweden. Participants: HAP included a random population cohort (n=7984) and 2 cohorts with recent sickness absence (employees (n=6140) and non-employees (n=990)), extracted from the same overall general working-age population. Primary outcome measures: We examined differences in participation rates between cohorts (2008), and differences in previous sickness absence (2001-2008) between participants (individual-level data) and non-participants or the target population (group-level data) within cohorts. Results: Participants had statistically significant less registered sickness absence in the past than nonparticipants and the target population for some, but not all, of the years analysed. Yet these differences were not of substantial size. Other factors than sickness absence were more important in explaining differences in participation, whereby participants were more likely to be women, older, born in Nordic countries, married and have higher incomes than non-participants. Conclusions: Although specifically addressing sickness absence, having such experience did not add any substantial layer to selective participation in the present survey. Detailed measures are needed to gain a better understanding for health selection in healthrelated surveys such as those addressing sickness absence, for instance in order to discriminate between selection due to ability or motivation for participation.
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| 17. |
- López-Borbón, Dilana, et al.
(författare)
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Early pregnancy overweight/obesity and length of residence among immigrants in Sweden : a pooled analysis of Swedish population registers between 1992 and 2012
- 2021
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 24:5, s. 796-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether the association between women's origin and early pregnancy overweight and obesity (OW/OB) varies by length of residence in Sweden.Design: This cross-sectional observational study used pooled Swedish population register data from 1992 to 2012. Logistic regression models were run to estimate odds ratios (OR) of early pregnancy OW/OB and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI), comparing Swedish-born and immigrants by length-of-residence categories while adjusting for covariates.Setting: Sweden.Participants: In total, 1 771 821 pregnant women, 315 992 of whom were immigrants.Results: With longer residence in Sweden, more immigrant women from various origins exhibited higher odds of experiencing early OW/OB compared with Swedish-born women. Findings specifically showed increased odds of early pregnancy OW/OB with increasing length of residence for women born in Latin America, Europe-27 and Southeast Asia. For example, immigrant women from Latin America residing in Sweden for < 6 years showed similar odds as Swedish-born (OR <= 5 years 0 center dot 92, 95 % CI 0 center dot 87, 0 center dot 98), while their longer residing counterparts showed higher odds than Swedish-born women (OR(6-15 years)1 center dot 21, 95 % CI 1 center dot 14, 1 center dot 28 and OR >= 16 years 1 center dot 68, 95 % CI 1 center dot 59, 1 center dot 78). Mixed results were found for other origins.Conclusions: The current study suggests that host country conditions might play an important role in explaining OW/OB among some groups of immigrant women. Although further studies are needed to disentangle the mechanisms that generate these health inequalities, policy efforts should focus on immigrant reception and early integration to prevent pregnancy-related OW/OB.
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| 18. |
- Lundin, A., et al.
(författare)
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Towards ICD-11 for alcohol dependence: Diagnostic agreement with ICD-10, DSM-5, DSM-IV, DSM-III-R and DSM-III diagnoses in a Swedish general population of women
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The proposed ICD-11 classification includes major revisions of alcohol dependence. We aimed to evaluate the presence of, and concordance between the proposed ICD-11 dependence and ICD-10, DSM-5, DSM-IV, DSM-III-R and DSM-III in a general population. We also examine as aspects of validity, including longitudinal stability and how meaningful clinical correlates associated across the systems. Methods: Longitudinal population-based study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants (n = 1,614) were sampled during 1989-2015 through double-phase stratified random sampling. Alcohol use disorders were assessed through structured diagnostic interviews (CIDI-SAM), at baseline and follow-up 5-10 years later (n = 930). Concordance was examined using contingency tables and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of lifetime alcohol dependence was 10.6 % according to ICD-11. Corre-sponding figures were ICD-10, 4.0 %; DSM-IV, 4.3 %; DSM-III-R, 7.5 %; and DSM-III, 12.3 %.DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder was 14.3 %. Concordance between ICD-11 and other diagnoses ranged from almost perfect agreement (with DSM-5 AUD) to substantial (with DSM-III and DSM-III-R) and moderate (with ICD-10 and DSM-IV). The broadening of the "persistent use despite problems" criteria in ICD-11 had little effect on the prevalence. ICD-11 captured a lower proportion of family history of alcohol problems and treatment-seeking compared to ICD-10 and DSM-IV and showed lower stability. Conclusions: The proposed ICD-11 algorithm yields a higher prevalence than either ICD-10 or DSM-III-R /-IV dependence, as well as lower agreement with previous diagnostic systems, lower longitudinal stability and weaker associations with clinical correlates. This is important for knowing how changes in diagnostic criteria impact prevalence estimates and related research.
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| 19. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing extensive ambition and a context overflowing with opportunities and demands : A grounded theory on stress and recovery among highly educated working young women entering male-dominated occupational areas
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several factors underline the issue of stress-related health among young highly educated women. Major societal changes might provide more new challenges with considerably changed and expanded roles than were expected by earlier generations, especially among women. The quantity of young women with higher education has also increased threefold in Sweden in less than two decades and there are a growing number of young women that hereby break with traditional gender positions and enter new occupational areas traditionally dominated by men. The research questions in the present study were: ‘‘What is the main concern, regarding stress and recovery, among young highly educated working women breaking with traditional gender positions and entering male-dominated occupational areas?’’ and ‘‘How do they handle this concern?’’ We conducted open-ended interviews with 20 informants, aged 23-29 years. The results showed that the synergy between highly ambitious individuals and a context overflowing with opportunities and demands ended up in the informants’ constantly striving to find a balance in daily life (main concern). This concern refers to the respondents experiencing a constant overload of ambiguity and that they easily became entangled in a loop of stress and dysfunctional coping behavior, threatening the balance between stress and sufficient recovery. In order to handle this concern, the respondents used different strategies in balancing extensive ambition and a context overflowing with opportunities and demands (core category). This preliminary theoretical model deepens our understanding of how the increasing numbers of highly educated young women face complex living conditions endangering their possibility of maintaining health and work ability.
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| 20. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Can work ability explain the social gradient in sickness absence: a study of a general population in Sweden.
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC public health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Background: Understanding the reasons for the social gradient in sickness absence might provide an opportunity to reduce the general rates of sickness absence. The complete explanation for this social gradient still remains unclear and there is a need for studies using randomized working population samples. The main aim of the present study was to investigate if self-reported work ability could explain the association between low socioeconomic position and belonging to a sample of new cases of sick-listed employees. Methods: The two study samples consisted of a randomized working population (n = 2,763) and a sample of new cases of sick-listed employees (n = 3,044), 19-64 years old. Both samples were drawn from the same randomized general population. Socioeconomic status was measured with occupational position and physical and mental work ability was measured with two items extracted from the work ability index. Results: There was an association between lower socioeconomic status and belonging to the sick-listed sample among both women and men. In men the crude Odds ratios increased for each downwards step in socioeconomic status, OR 1.32 (95% CI 0.98-1.78), OR 1.53 (1.05-2.24), OR 2.80 (2.11-3.72), and OR 2.98 (2.27-3.90). Among women this gradient was not as pronounced. Physical work ability constituted the strongest explanatory factor explaining the total association between socioeconomic status and being sick-listed in women. However, among men, the association between skilled non-manual, OR 2.07 (1.54-2.78), and non-skilled manual, OR 2.03 (1.53-2.71) positions in relation to being sick-listed remained. The explanatory effect of mental work ability was small. Surprisingly, even in the sick-listed sample most respondents had high mental and physical work ability. Conclusions: These results suggest that physical work ability may be an important key in explaining the social gradient in sickness absence, particularly in women. Hence, it is possible that the factors associated with the social gradient in sickness absence may differ, to some extent, between women and men.
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| 21. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974
(författare)
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Contemporary aspects of health and performance among young adult women and men in Sweden
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to improve our understanding of contemporary aspects of health and performance among young adult women and men in Sweden. Cultural and structural changes in society have resulted in new environmental conditions, which in turn give rise to new potential health hazards. The constituent studies of this thesis examined three such circumstances: a) an increasing number of women studying at university, b) an increasing number of women entering educational fields and occupations traditionally dominated by men, and c) an increased focus on individual performance and the pursuit of self-esteem. Based on these aspects, my intention was to investigate: 1) early differences in health and performance between young women and men in higher education, 2) conditions related to stress and insufficient recovery among highly educated women in non-traditional women’s occupations, and 3) whether performance-based self-esteem (PBSE) was a predictor of frequent sickness presenteeism among young adult women and men. The health and performance of a sample of young adults in higher education were examined using questionnaire data. Conditions related to stress and insufficient recovery were explored qualitatively in a sample of highly educated young women working in occupations traditionally dominated by men. Performance-based self-esteem as a predictor of sickness presenteeism was examined in a population-based sample of young adults engaged in work, study, or vocational practice. The results indicate that, although the study sample was fairly homogenous in terms of age, occupation, hierarchical level, socio–economic status, and number of children (i.e., very few had children), women had a lower prevalence of maintained health and performance over two years than did men. Despite this finding, no major differences were found in the determinants of this outcome, nor did the explanatory factors explain the observed differences. In the qualitative study, the synergy between extensive individual ambition and a context overflowing with opportunities and demands was qualitatively related to ambiguity overload, which was in turn related to perceived stress. If not handled via individual or contextual boundary setting, the respondents became stuck in a loop of stress and dysfunctional coping behaviour, obstructing the possibility of sufficient recovery. PBSE was a predictor of sickness presenteeism even when adjusting for general health, psychological demands, physical demands, economic problems, and main occupation. A synergy effect was also observed in which the effect of PBSE on sickness presenteeism was greatly increased by environmental and personal factors. In conclusion, the constituent studies of the thesis contribute to our understanding of some contemporary aspects of health and performance by observing that: a) early differences in health and performance between young women and men existed even in a fairly homogenous study sample, b) the synergy between highly ambitious individuals and an environment overflowing with opportunities and demands was qualitatively related to ambiguity overload followed by stress and insufficient recovery among highly educated young women in non-traditional women’s occupations, and c) a personality disposition in which self-esteem is dependent on performance was a predictor of potentially hazardous behaviour in the form of frequent sickness presenteeism.
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| 22. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of family violence and parental unavailability in childhood in relation to parental socioeconomic position and psychological problems : a cohort study of young Swedish women 1990-2013.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6874. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence and severe consequences for health and wellbeing, epidemiological research of neglected emotional needs during childhood is scarce and little is known about its relation to parental socioeconomic position (SEP). This study investigates the prevalence of family violence and parental unavailability in childhood and its association with parental SEP and parental psychological problems in four strata of young Swedish women examined 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2013.METHOD: The sample comprised 976 women (mean age 22, range 20-25) living in Sweden. Secular trends for family violence, parental rejection and unavailability were analyzed using logistic regression as a function of year of examination. The associations with parental SEP and parental psychological problems were assessed using logistic regression with results in terms of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: Gendered patterns were observed in the associations between parental psychological problems and family violence and parental unavailability. Maternal psychological problems were associated with maternal rejection OR 6.8 (3.5-13.0), maternal lack of time OR 2.4 (1.2-5.0), and paternal rejection OR 1.9 (1.1-3.5). Paternal psychological problems were associated with paternal rejection OR 4.0 (2.1-7.7), paternal lack of time OR 4.9 (2.3-10.6), and experiencing family violence OR 4.9 (2.1-11.6). Low and medium parental SEP were associated with experience of family violence in childhood OR 3.1 (CI 1.1-8.5) and OR 3.4 (1.7-6.9), respectively. No changes between 1990 and 2013 were observed for the prevalence of any of the outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: A stable prevalence of family violence and parental unavailability was reported by young women examined between 1990 and 2013. Lower socioeconomic position was associated with family violence while the association with parental unavailability was non-significant. Gendered patterns were observed in the association between parental psychological problems and family violence, where paternal but not maternal psychological problems were associated with family violence. Further, maternal psychological problems were associated with paternal rejection while paternal psychological problems were not associated with maternal rejection. Gendered patterns of parental unavailability need further studies.
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| 23. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the social gradient in sickness absence: a study of a general working population in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13:545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Some previous studies have proposed potential explanatory factors for the social gradient in sickness absence. Yet, this research area is still in its infancy and in order to comprise the full range of socioeconomic positions there is a need for studies conducted on random population samples. The main aim of the present study was to investigate if somatic and mental symptoms, mental wellbeing, job strain, and physical work environment could explain the association between low socioeconomic position and belonging to a sample of new cases of sick-listed employees. Methods This study was conducted on one random working population sample (n=2763) and one sample of newly sick-listed cases of employees (n=3044), drawn from the same random general population in western Sweden. Explanatory factors were self-rated 'Somatic and mental symptoms', 'Mental well-being', 'job strain', and 'physical work conditions' (i.e. heavy lifting and awkward work postures). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used. Results Somatic and mental symptoms, mental well-being, and job strain, could not explain the association between socioeconomic position and sickness absence in both women and men. However, physical work conditions explained the total association in women and much of this association in men. In men the gradient between Non-skilled manual OR 1.76 (1.24;2.48) and Skilled manual OR 1.59 (1.10;2.20), both in relation to Higher non-manual, remained unexplained. Conclusions The present study strengthens the scientific evidence that social differences in physical work conditions seem to comprise a key element of the social gradient in sickness absence, particularly in women. Future studies should try to identify further predictors for this gradient in men.
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| 24. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Future marginalisation and mortality in young Swedish men with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders and the resilience effect of cognitive ability: a prospective, population-based study
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Large-scale studies examining future trajectories of marginalisation and health in adolescents with mental illness are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine if non-psychotic psychiatric disorders (NPDs) were associated with future indicators of marginalisation and mortality. We also aimed to determine whether these associations might be mediated by education level and attenuated by high cognitive ability. Design: This is a prospective cohort study with baseline data from the Swedish Conscription register. Setting: The study was carried out in Sweden from 1969 to 2005. Participants: All of the participants were 18-year-old men at mandatory conscription in Sweden between 1969 and 2005 (n=1 609 690). Measures: NPDs were clinically diagnosed at conscription. Cognitive ability was measured by a standardised IQ test at conscription. National register data covered information on welfare support, long-term unemployment, disability pension (DP) and mortality over a period of 1–36 years. Results: NPD at the age of 18 years was a predictor of future welfare support, OR 3.73 (95% CI 3.65 to 3.80); long-term unemployment, OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.94 to 2.01); DP, HR 2.95 (95% CI 2.89 to 3.02); and mortality, HR 2.45 (2.33–2.52). The adjusted models suggested that these associations were not confounded by fathers’ educational level, cognitive ability had only a minor attenuating effect on most associations and the mediating effect of own educational level was small. Conclusions: The present study underlines a higher prevalence of future adversities in young men experiencing NPDs at the age of 18 years. It also indicates that higher cognitive ability may work as a potential resilience factor against future marginalisation and mortality.
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| 25. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in maintenance of health and performance between young adult women and men in higher education.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 19:2, s. 168-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Because of ageing populations, most high-income countries are facing an imminent scarcity of labour. Maintenance of health and performance in young adults therefore becomes a crucial prerequisite for sustainable societies. One major obstruction to this accomplishment is the striking health inequalities between young women and young men. Previously these inequalities have mainly been studied in a cross-sectional way, focusing on ill-health. In this study, we compared the prevalence of maintained health and performance between young adult women and men and the predictors for this outcome. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 1266 participants from a homogenous sample of university students in Sweden. A combined assessment of self-rated 'very good' health and un-impaired performance took place at three time points (i.e. maintained health and performance). Potential predictors covered stable conditions in health-related behaviours, conditions at work/school and work-home interference. RESULTS: Young women had less maintained health and performance than young men. No major differences in predictors were found. However, there was a tendency for psychosocial factors to be the most important predictors, especially in women. CONCLUSIONS: That young women had less maintained health and performance in a homogenous sample beyond well-known differentiating factors suggests explanations other than observable structural differences between the sexes. This was also indicated by the importance attached to perceived demands, and work-home interference, especially in women. The combination of less scheduled, and more unscheduled, schoolwork (i.e. time-flexibility) negatively affected the maintenance of health and performance in our study population, suggesting a focus for future studies.
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