| 1. |
- Alam, Muneeba Zubair, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble and hydrolyzable phenolic compounds in date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-DAD
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. - 0889-1575 .- 1096-0481. ; 132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phenolic compounds in plant foods exist in soluble, hydrolyzable, and insoluble forms. This study is the first to analyze both soluble (extracted using 80 % methanol) and hydrolyzable (extracted using ethyl acetate after alkaline hydrolysis) phenolics in 18 date cultivars. The phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and diode array detectors. A total of 59 peaks were detected, of which 45 were identified while 14 remained unidentified. The concentrations of the soluble and hydrolyzable phenolics ranged from 27.5–54.0 and 24–78.5 mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. Gallic acid and ferulic acid predominated in the soluble and hydrolyzable fractions, quercetin and taxifolin were predominant in the soluble fraction, while caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were abundant in the hydrolyzable fraction. The hydrolyzable phenolics were found to contribute significantly to the total phenolic content of date fruits pointing to the need to include them in the analysis of total phenolic compounds in foods.
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| 2. |
- Cheng, Ken, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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An LC-QToF MS based method for untargeted metabolomics of human fecal samples
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Consensus in sample preparation for untargeted human fecal metabolomics is lacking. Objectives: To obtain sample preparation with broad metabolite coverage for high-throughput LC–MS. Methods: Extraction solvent, solvent ratio and fresh frozen-vs-lyophilized samples were evaluated by metabolite feature quality. Results: Methanol at 5 mL per g wet feces provided a wide metabolite coverage with optimal balance between signal intensity and saturation for both fresh frozen and lyophilized samples. Lyophilization did not affect SCFA and is recommended because of convenience in normalizing to dry matter. Conclusion: The suggested sample preparation is simple, efficient and suitable for large-scale human fecal metabolomics.
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| 3. |
- Eriksen, Anne Kirstine, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: A randomized crossover trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 111:4, s. 864-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A whole-grain (WG)-rich diet has shown to have potential for both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Different WGs may have different health effects. WG rye, in particular, may improve glucose homeostasis and blood lipids, possibly mediated through fermentable dietary fiber and lignans. Recent studies have also suggested a crucial role of the gut microbiota in response to WG. Objectives: The aim was to investigate WG rye, alone and with lignan supplements [secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG)], and WG wheat diets on glucose tolerance [oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT)], other cardiometabolic outcomes, enterolignans, and microbiota composition. Moreover, we exploratively evaluated the role of gut microbiota enterotypes in response to intervention diets. Methods: Forty men with MetS risk profile were randomly assigned to WG diets in an 8-wk crossover study. The rye diet was supplemented with 280 mg SDG at weeks 4-8. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mixed-effects modeling, and effects on microbiota composition and the role of gut microbiota as a predictor of response to treatment were analyzed by random forest plots. Results: The WG rye diet (± SDG supplements) did not affect the OGTT compared with WG wheat. Total and LDL cholesterol were lowered (-0.06 and -0.09 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) after WG rye compared with WG wheat after 4 wk but not after 8 wk. WG rye resulted in higher abundance of Bifidobacterium [fold-change (FC) = 2.58, P < 0.001] compared with baseline and lower abundance of Clostridium genus compared with WG wheat (FC = 0.54, P = 0.02). The explorative analyses suggest that baseline enterotype is associated with total and LDL-cholesterol response to diet. Conclusions: WG rye, alone or with SDG supplementation, compared with WG wheat did not affect glucose metabolism but caused transient LDL-cholesterol reduction. The effect of WG diets appeared to differ according to enterotype. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02987595.
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| 4. |
- Fristedt, Rikard, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitation of circulating short-chain fatty acids in small volume blood samples from animals and humans
- 2024
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Ingår i: Talanta. - 0039-9140. ; 272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The role of gut microbiota in human health has been intensively studied and more recently shifted from emphasis on composition towards function. Function is partly mediated through formed metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate as well as their branched analogues represent major products from gut fermentation of dietary fibre and proteins, respectively. Robust and high-throughput analysis of SCFAs in small volume blood samples have proven difficult. Major obstacles come from the ubiquitous presence of SCFAs that leads to contaminations and unstable analytical results because of the high volatility of these small molecules. Comprehensive and comparable data on the variation of SCFAs in blood samples from different blood matrices and mammal species including humans is lacking. Therefore, our aim was to develop and evaluate a stable and robust method for quantitation of 8 SCFAs and related fermentation products in small volume blood plasma samples and to investigate their variation in humans and different animal species. Results: Derivatization was a successful approach for measurement of SCFAs in biological samples but quenching of the derivatization reaction was crucial to obtain long-term stability of the derivatized analytes. In total 9 compounds (including succinic acid) were separated in 5 min. The method was linear over the range 0.6–3200 nM formic (FA), acetic (AA), 0.3–1600 nM propionic (PA), and 0.16–800 nM for butyric (BA)-, isobutyric (IBA)-, valeric (VA)-, isovaleric (IVA)-, succinic (SA) and caproic acid (CA). The precision ranged ≤12 % within days and ≤28 % between days (except for CA and VA) in three different plasma quality control (QC) samples (29 batches analyzed over 3 months). The extraction recovery was on average 94 % for the different SCFAs. Typical interquartile range (IQR) concentrations (μM) of SCFAs in human plasma samples were 168 μM (FA), 64 μM (AA), 2.2 μM (PA), 0.54 μM (BA), 0.66 μM (IBA), 0.18 μM (VA), 0.40 μM (IVA), and 0.34 μM (CA). In total, 55 samples per batch/day were successfully analyzed and in total 5380 human plasma samples measured over a 3-year timespan. Significance: The developed UHPLC-MS based method was suitable for measuring SCFAs in small blood volume samples and enabled robust quantitative data.
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| 5. |
- Iversen, Kia Noehr, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of High Fiber Rye, Compared to Refined Wheat, on Gut Microbiota Composition, Plasma Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Implications for Weight Loss and Metabolic Risk Factors (the RyeWeight Study)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumption of whole grain and cereal fiber have been inversely associated with body weight and obesity measures in observational studies but data from large, long-term randomized interventions are scarce. Among the cereals, rye has the highest fiber content and high rye consumption has been linked to increased production of gut fermentation products, as well as reduced risks of obesity and metabolic disease. The effects on body weight and metabolic risk factors may partly be mediated through gut microbiota and/or their fermentation products. We used data from a randomized controlled weight loss trial where participants were randomized to a hypocaloric diet rich in either high fiber rye foods or refined wheat foods for 12 weeks to investigate the effects of the intervention on gut microbiota composition and plasma short chain fatty acids, as well as the potential association with weight loss and metabolic risk markers. Rye, compared to wheat, induced some changes in gut microbiota composition, including increased abundance of the butyrate producing Agathobacter and reduced abundance of [Ruminococcus] torques group, which may be related to reductions in low grade inflammation caused by the intervention. Plasma butyrate increased in the rye group. In conclusion, intervention with high fiber rye foods induced some changes in gut microbiota composition and plasma short chain fatty acid concentration, which were associated with improvements in metabolic risk markers as a result of the intervention.
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| 6. |
- Jernfors, Toni, et al.
(författare)
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Association between gut health and gut microbiota in a polluted environment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animals host complex bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal tracts, with which they share a mutualistic interaction. The numerous effects these interactions grant to the host include regulation of the immune system, defense against pathogen invasion, digestion of otherwise undigestible foodstuffs, and impacts on host behaviour. Exposure to stressors, such as environmental pollution, parasites, and/or predators, can alter the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting host-microbiome interactions that can be manifest in the host as, for example, metabolic dysfunction or inflammation. However, whether a change in gut microbiota in wild animals associates with a change in host condition is seldom examined. Thus, we quantified whether wild bank voles inhabiting a polluted environment, areas where there are environmental radionuclides, exhibited a change in gut microbiota (using 16S amplicon sequencing) and concomitant change in host health using a combined approach of transcriptomics, histological staining analyses of colon tissue, and quantification of short-chain fatty acids in faeces and blood. Concomitant with a change in gut microbiota in animals inhabiting contaminated areas, we found evidence of poor gut health in the host, such as hypotrophy of goblet cells and likely weakened mucus layer and related changes in Clca1 and Agr2 gene expression, but no visible inflammation in colon tissue. Through this case study we show that inhabiting a polluted environment can have wide reaching effects on the gut health of affected animals, and that gut health and other host health parameters should be examined together with gut microbiota in ecotoxicological studies.
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| 7. |
- Verspoor, Rudi L., et al.
(författare)
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Mineral analysis reveals extreme manganese concentrations in wild harvested and commercially available edible termites
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Termites are widely used as a food resource, particularly in Africa and Asia. Markets for insects as food are also expanding worldwide. To inform the development of insect-based foods, we analysed selected minerals (Fe-Mn-Zn-Cu-Mg) in wild-harvested and commercially available termites. Mineral values were compared to selected commercially available insects. Alate termites, of the genera Macrotermes and Odontotermes, showed remarkably high manganese (Mn) content (292-515 mg/100 gdw), roughly 50-100 times the concentrations detected in other insects. Other mineral elements occur at moderate concentrations in all insects examined. On further examination, the Mn is located primarily in the abdomens of the Macrotermes subhyalinus; with scanning electron microscopy revealing small spherical structures highly enriched for Mn. We identify the fungus comb, of Macrotermes subhyanus, as a potential biological source of the high Mn concentrations. Consuming even small quantities of termite alates could exceed current upper recommended intakes for Mn in both adults and children. Given the widespread use of termites as food, a better understanding the sources, distribution and bio-availability of these high Mn concentrations in termite alates is needed.
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| 8. |
- Ahlin, Rebecca, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of a mobile phone application developed for measuring dietary fiber intake
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a mobile phone application for measuring the intake of dietary fiber and validated the ability of the application to accurately capture this intake against measurements registered by a dietary record. We also investigated what food groups contributed most to the total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber intake. Twenty-six randomly selected Swedish women aged 35–85 years were included and randomized to either start to register dietary intake in the application or by a dietary record, during three consecutive days. After a washout period of at least two weeks, the participants used the other method. We found that the difference in measured mean fiber intake between the dietary record and the application was two grams independent of the total intake per day. A statistically significant correlation between fiber intake as measured by the two methods was found (rho = 0.65, p < 0.001). Vegetables and roots were the predominantly contributing foods to total and soluble fiber intake. Bread and crackers contributed most to insoluble fiber intake. In conclusion, the application may be considered as a useful and easy-to-use method to measure dietary fiber intake.
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| 9. |
- Ahlin, Rebecca, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on Serum Hormone Concentrations after a Dietary Phytoestrogen Intervention in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 15:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoestrogens have been suggested to have an anti-proliferative role in prostate cancer, potentially by acting through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and modulating several hormones. We primarily aimed to investigate the effect of a phytoestrogen intervention on hormone concentrations in blood depending on the ERβ genotype. Patients with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, scheduled for radical prostatectomy, were randomized to an intervention group provided with soybeans and flaxseeds (∼200 mg phytoestrogens/d) added to their diet until their surgery, or a control group that was not provided with any food items. Both groups received official dietary recommendations. Blood samples were collected at baseline and endpoint and blood concentrations of different hormones and phytoestrogens were analyzed. The phytoestrogen-rich diet did not affect serum concentrations of testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). However, we found a trend of decreased risk of increased serum concentration of estradiol in the intervention group compared to the control group but only in a specific genotype of ERβ (p = 0.058). In conclusion, a high daily intake of phytoestrogen-rich foods has no major effect on hormone concentrations but may lower the concentration of estradiol in patients with prostate cancer with a specific genetic upset of ERβ.
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| 10. |
- Alin, Rebecca, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A Preparatory Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Fiber Intake During Adult Pelvic Radiotherapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy are often advised to omit fiber-rich foods from their diet to reduce the adverse effects of treatment. Scientific evidence supporting this recommendation is lacking, and recent studies on animals and humans have suggested that there is a beneficial effect of dietary fiber for the alleviation of symptoms. Randomized controlled studies on dietary fiber intake during pelvic radiotherapy of sufficient size and duration are needed. As preparation for such a large-scale study, we evaluated the feasibility, compliance, participation rate, and logistics and report our findings here in this preparatory study. Methods: In this preparatory study of a fiber intervention trial, Swedish gynecological cancer patients scheduled for radiotherapy were recruited between January 2019 and August 2020. During the intervention, the participants filled out questionnaires and used an application. They also consumed a fiber supplement at first in powder form, later in capsules. Blood- and fecal samples were collected. The study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04534075?cond=fidura&draw=2&rank=1). Results: Among 136 approached patients, 57 started the study and the participation rate for primary outcomes was 63% (third blood sample) and 65% (third questionnaire). Barely half of the participants provided fecal samples. Providing concise and relevant information to the patients at the right time was crucial in getting them to participate and stay in the study. The most common reasons for declining participation or dropping out were the expected burden of radiotherapy or acute side effects. Tailoring the ambition level to each patient concerning the collection of data beyond the primary endpoints was an important strategy to keep the dropout rate at an acceptable level. Using capsules rather than psyllium in powder form made it much easier to document intake and to create a control group. During the course of the preparatory study, we improved the logistics and for the last 12 participants included, the participation rate was 100% for the earliest primary outcome. Conclusion: A variety of adjustments in this preparatory study resulted in an improved participation rate, which allowed us to set a final protocol and proceed with the main study.
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| 11. |
- Almanza-Aguilera, Enrique, et al.
(författare)
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Impact in Plasma Metabolome as Effect of Lifestyle Intervention for Weight-Loss Reveals Metabolic Benefits in Metabolically Healthy Obese Women
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3907 .- 1535-3893. ; 17:8, s. 2600-2610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known regarding metabolic benefits of weight loss (WL) on the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) patients. We aimed to examine the impact of a lifestyle weight loss (LWL) treatment on the plasma metabolomic profile in MHO individuals. Plasma samples from 57 MHO women allocated to an intensive LWL treatment group (TG, hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and regular physical activity, n = 30) or to a control group (CG, general recommendations of a healthy diet and physical activity, n = 27) were analyzed using an untargeted1H NMR metabolomics approach at baseline, after 3 months (intervention), and 12 months (follow-up). The impact of the LWL intervention on plasma metabolome was statistically significant at 3 months but not at follow-up and included higher levels of formate and phosphocreatine and lower levels of LDL/VLDL (signals) and trimethylamine in the TG. These metabolites were also correlated with WL. Higher myo-inositol, methylguanidine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, and lower proline, were also found in the TG; higher levels of hippurate and asparagine, and lower levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate and creatine, were associated with WL. The current findings suggest that an intensive LWL treatment, and the consequent WL, leads to an improved plasma metabolic profile in MHO women through its impact on energy, amino acid, lipoprotein, and microbial metabolism.
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| 12. |
- Almasri, Fidele, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Intake of Fructooligosaccharides Protects against Metabolic Derangements Evoked by Chronic Exposure to Fructose or Galactose in Rats
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 68:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ScopeDiets rich in fat and sugars evoke chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to metabolic derangements. This study investigates the impact of fructose and galactose, two commonly consumed simple sugars, on exacerbation of the harmful effects caused by high fat intake. Additionally, the potential efficacy of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a fermentable dietary fiber, in counteracting these effects is examined.Methods and resultsMale Sprague-Dawley rats (six/group) are fed 8 weeks as follows: control 5% fat diet (CNT), 20% fat diet (FAT), FAT+10% FOS diet (FAT+FOS), FAT+25% galactose diet (FAT+GAL), FAT+GAL+10% FOS diet (FAT+GAL+FOS), FAT+25% fructose diet (FAT+FRU), FAT+FRU+10% FOS diet (FAT+FRU+FOS). The dietary manipulations tested do not affect body weight gain, blood glucose, or markers of systemic inflammation whereas significant increases in plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotrasferase are detected in both FAT+FRU and FAT+GAL compared to CNT. In the liver and skeletal muscle, both sugars induce significant accumulation of lipids and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). FOS supplementation prevents these impairments.ConclusionThis study extends the understanding of the deleterious effects of a chronic intake of simple sugars and demonstrates the beneficial role of the prebiotic FOS in dampening the sugar-induced metabolic impairments by prevention of lipid and AGEs accumulation. This rat trial shows the detrimental effects of two commonly consumed simple sugars, fructose and galactose, when added to a fat-enriched diet, as is common in modern Western nutrition. Protective effects of fermentable dietary fiber (FOS) supplementation due to reduced accumulation of AGEs, that are harmful compounds formed when protein or fat combine with sugar, are observed.image
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Oförändrad insulinkänslighet och lipidperoxidation efter ökat intag av fullkornsprodukter hos friska män och kvinnor.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Livsmedelsforskardagarna.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Flertalet epidemilogiska studier har visat positiva hälsoeffekter av ett högt intag av fullkornsprodukter. Framförallt är en minska risk för hjärtinfarkt/sjukdom visad, och datatalar även för en minskad risk för typ 2 diabetes. Mekanismerna bakom fullkornets positiva effekter är dock fortfarande oklara. Såväl en förbättrad insulinkänslighet som en minskad förekomst av lipidperoxidation och inflammation har föreslagits, vilket vi därför önskade undersöka i denna studie.I en randomiserad cross-over design deltog 30 lätt överviktiga (BMI 282) kvinnor (n=22) och män (n=8). Under två på varandra följande 6 veckors perioder fick deltagarna antingen cerealieprodukter med fullkorn eller utan fullkorn. En standardiserad mängd (3 skivor mjukt bröd, 2 skivor hårt bröd, 1 portion musli/gryn och 1 portion pasta/ris) inkluderades dagligen i deras vanliga kost. Perifer insulinkänslighet mättes med euglykemisk hyperinsulinemisk clampteknik. Lipidperoxidationsmarkören 8-iso-PGF2 mättes i urin och inflammationsmarkörerna CRP och IL-6 mättes i plasma. Kostinterventionen monitorerades med hjälp av vägda kostregisteringar och dagboksnoteringar.Kostregistreringarna bekräftade ett högre intag av fiber och flertalet mineralämnen under fullkornsperioden jämfört med icke-fullkornsperioden. Vi fann dock ingen förbättring av insulinkänsligheten och inte heller någon förändring av lipidperoxidation eller inflammationsmarkörer.Att ersätta icke-fullkorns produkter med fullkorn under en 6 veckors period hos vuxna lätt överviktiga friska män och kvinnor gav således ingen mätbar effekt på vare sig insulinkänslighet, lipidperoxidation eller inflammationsmarkörer. Frågan om vilka mekanismerna som ligger bakom de positiva hälsoeffekterna av fullkornsprodukter kvarstår och längre koststudier på deltagare med varierande metaboltstatus behövs.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Agneta, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Alkylresorcinol Concentrations Correlate with Whole Grain Wheat and Rye Intake and Show Moderate Reproducibility over a 2- to 3-Month Period in Free-Living Swedish Adults
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - Rockville Pike, Bethesda : American Society of Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 159, s. 1712-1718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) are useful as dietary biomarkers of wheat and rye whole grain (WG) during interventions but need to be validated in free-living populations. This study estimated the medium-term reproducibility and relative validity of plasma AR as biomarkers of WG and cereal fiber intake. Seventy-two Swedish adults kept 3-d weighed food records on 2 occasions 2-3 mo apart. Of these men and women, 51 provided a fasting blood sample at the end of each occasion. In addition, 18 participants provided 3 fasting and 3 nonfasting samples for 3 consecutive days on the first and second occasions, respectively. Dietary and blood variables did not differ between the 2 occasions. Nonfasting plasma total AR concentration [210 nmol/L (95% CI: 140, 314)] was higher than fasting [99 nmol/L (95% CI: 72, 137)] (P < 0.0001). Mean WG intake was 70 ± 61 g/d (41% from rye) and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.63) for total WG intake and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.67) for the fasting plasma total AR concentration, suggesting moderate reproducibility. Fasting plasma total AR moderately correlated with WG rye + wheat (r(s) = 0.53; P < 0.001) and cereal fiber intake (r(s) = 0.32; P < 0.05) when using mean values from both occasions. This suggests that plasma AR concentration in fasting samples can be used as a biomarker of rye + wheat WG intake in free-living populations with a high and consistent WG intake.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Recent findings on certain bioactive components in whole grain wheat and rye
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 59, s. 294-311
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole grain wheat and rye are important sources of many bioactive compounds and contribute significantly to the total intake of cereals in many countries. Alkylresorcinols, benzoxazinoids, lignans, phenolic acids, phytosterols and tocols are common bioactive compounds present in these cereals. In this review, we report recent findings (mainly from 2010 onwards) regarding their content, composition, effects of food processing and their uptake, elimination and bioactivities with implications for health.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-grain foods do not affect insulin sensitivity or markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation in healthy, moderately overweight subjects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 137:6, s. 1401-1407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High intakes of whole grain foods are inversely related to the incidence of coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet rich in whole grains compared with a diet containing the same amount of refined grains on insulin sensitivity and markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation. In a randomized crossover study, 22 women and 8 men (BMI 28 +/- 2) were given either whole-grain or refined-grain products (3 bread slices, 2 crisp bread slices, 1 portion muesli, and 1 portion pasta) to include in their habitual daily diet for two 6-wk periods. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp tests. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso PGF(2alpha)), an F(2)-isoprostane, was measured in the urine as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein and IL-6 were analyzed in plasma as markers of inflammation. Peripheral insulin sensitivity [mg glucose . kg body wt(-1) . min(-1) per unit plasma insulin (mU/L) x 100] did not improve when subjects consumed whole-grain products (6.8 +/- 3.0 at baseline and 6.5 +/- 2.7 after 6 wk) or refined products (6.4 +/- 2.9 and 6.9 +/- 3.2, respectively) and there were no differences between the 2 periods. Whole-grain consumption also did not affect 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) in urine, IL-6 and C-reactive protein in plasma, blood pressure, or serum lipid concentrations. In conclusion, substitution of whole grains (mainly based on milled wheat) for refined-grain products in the habitual daily diet of healthy moderately overweight adults for 6-wk did not affect insulin sensitivity or markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation.
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| 18. |
- Arapovic, Lidija, et al.
(författare)
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Age Rather Than Supplementation with Oat β-Glucan Influences Development of the Intestinal Microbiota and SCFA Concentrations in Suckling Piglets
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animals. - 2076-2615. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of early supplementation with oat β-glucan during the suckling period on piglet gut microbiota composition, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, and gut physiological markers were assessed. Fifty piglets from five litters, balanced for sex and birth weight, were divided within litters into two treatment groups: β-glucan and control. Piglets in the β-glucan group received the supplement three times/week from day 7 of age until weaning. Rectal swab samples were collected from 10 piglets per treatment group (balanced across litters) from week 1 to week 4, and plasma samples were collected at 1, 3, and 4 weeks of age. Additional samples of intestinal tissues and jugular and portal vein plasma were collected from 10 animals at weaning (one per treatment group and litter). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and the microbiota composition in rectal swabs were mainly influenced by piglet age, rather than the supplement. There were significant differences in microbiota composition between litters and several correlations between concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and specific microbial taxa in rectal swabs. Overall, β-glucan supplementation did not have any clear impact on the gut environment in suckling piglets, whereas a clear age-related pattern emerged.
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| 19. |
- Arevström, Lilith, et al.
(författare)
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Freeze-dried bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) dietary supplement improves walking distance and lipids after myocardial infarction: an open-label randomized clinical trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 62, s. 13-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vaccinium myrtillus, have a high content of phenolic compounds including anthocyanins, which could provide cardiometabolic health benefits following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We hypothesized that standard medical therapy supplemented with freeze-dried bilberry after AMI would have a more beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk markers and exercise capacity than medical therapy alone. Patients were allocated in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention in an 8- week trial either to V myrtillus powder (40 g/d, equivalent to 480 g fresh bilberries) and standard medical therapy or to a control group receiving standard medical therapy alone. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and exercise capacity measured with the 6-minute walk test were the primary biochemical and clinical end points, respectively. Fifty subjects completed the study. No statistically significant difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was detected between groups. The mean 6-minute walk test distance increased significantly more in the bilberry group compared to the control group: mean difference 38 m at follow-up (95% confidence interval 14- 62, P =.003). Ex vivo oxidized low-density lipoprotein was significantly lowered in the bilberry group compared to control, geometric mean ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.66-0.96, P =.017), whereas total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ significantly between groups. Anthocyanin-derived metabolites in blood increased significantly in the bilberry group during the intervention and were different after 8 weeks between the bilberry group and control. Findings in the present study suggest that bilberries may have clinically relevant beneficial effects following AMI; a larger, double-blind clinical trial is warranted to confirm this.
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| 20. |
- Bergh, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Bilberry and Oat intake on lipids, inflammation and exercise capacity after Acute Myocardial Infarction (BIOAMI): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215 .- 1745-6215. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bilberries from Sweden, rich in polyphenols, have shown cholesterol-lowering effects in small studies, and the cholesterol-lowering properties of oats, with abundant beta-glucans and potentially bioactive phytochemicals, are well established. Both may provide cardiometabolic benefits following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but large studies of adequate statistical power and appropriate duration are needed to confirm clinically relevant treatment effects. No previous study has evaluated the potential additive or synergistic effects of bilberry combined with oats on cardiometabolic risk factors. Our primary objective is to assess cardioprotective effects of diet supplementation with dried bilberry or with bioprocessed oat bran, with a secondary explorative objective of assessing their combination, compared with a neutral isocaloric reference supplement, initiated within 5 days following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI. Methods: The effects of Bilberry and Oat intake on lipids, inflammation and exercise capacity after Acute Myocardial Infarction (BIOAMI) trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 900 patients will be randomized post-PCI to one of four dietary intervention arms. After randomization, subjects will receive beverages with bilberry powder (active), beverages with high-fiber bioprocessed oat bran (active), beverages with bilberry and oats combined (active), or reference beverages containing no active bilberry or active oats, for consumption twice daily during a 3-month intervention. The primary endpoint is the difference in LDL cholesterol change between the intervention groups after 3 months. The major secondary endpoint is exercise capacity at 3 months. Other secondary endpoints include plasma concentrations of biochemical markers of inflammation, metabolomics, and gut microbiota composition after 3 months. Discussion: Controlling hyperlipidemia and inflammation is critical to preventing new cardiovascular events, but novel pharmacological treatments for these conditions are expensive and associated with negative side effects. If bilberry and/or oat, in addition to standard medical therapy, can lower LDL cholesterol and inflammation more than standard therapy alone, this could be a cost-effective and safe dietary strategy for secondary prevention after AMI. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03620266. Registered on August 8, 2018.
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| 21. |
- Bergia, Robert E., et al.
(författare)
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Differential Glycemic Effects of Low-versus High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) supports metabolic health, but the utility of including low-glycemic index (GI) foods to minimize postprandial glucose excursions remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relative contribution of GI towards improvements in postprandial glycemia and glycemic variability after adopting a MED-HEP. We conducted a randomized, controlled dietary intervention, comparing high-versus low-GI diets in a multi-national (Italy, Sweden, and the United States) sample of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. For 12 weeks, participants consumed either a low-GI or high-GI MED-HEP. We assessed postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses to high-or low-GI meals, and daily glycemic variability via continuous glucose monitoring at baseline and post-intervention. One hundred sixty adults (86 females, 74 males; aged 55 ± 11 y, BMI 31 ± 3 kg/m2, mean ± SD) with ≥two metabolic syndrome traits completed the intervention. Postprandial insulin concentrations were greater after the high-GI versus the low-GI test meals at baseline (p = 0.004), but not post-intervention (p = 0.17). Postprandial glucose after the high-GI test meal increased post-intervention, being significantly higher than that after the low-GI test meal (35%, p < 0.001). Average daily glucose concentrations decreased in both groups post-intervention. Indices of 24-h glycemic variability were reduced in the low-GI group as compared to baseline and the high-GI intervention group. These findings suggest that low-GI foods may be an important feature within a MED-HEP.
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| 22. |
- Bergia, Robert E., et al.
(författare)
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The MEDGICarb-Study: Design of a multi-center randomized controlled trial to determine the differential health-promoting effects of low- and high-glycemic index Mediterranean-style eating patterns
- 2020
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Ingår i: Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-8654. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adults with central adiposity and other features of the metabolic syndrome have a markedly elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) and consumption of foods with a lower glycemic index (GI) are potential dietary approaches to curb the T2D and CVD epidemic. However, experimental evidence of the effectiveness of MED-HEP and of the contribution of GI towards improving indices of glucose homeostasis, especially among non-diabetic people, are lacking. Therefore, we developed the MedGI-Carb trial, a multi-center (Italy, Sweden, and United States) intervention in adults with at least two components of the metabolic syndrome (elevated waist circumference + one other component) that aims to improve markers of glucose homeostasis through dietary modification. All participants were randomized to consume an isocaloric high- or low-GI MED-HEP for 12 weeks. We hypothesized that indexes of insulinemia (primary outcome: postprandial insulin and glucose after standardized breakfast and lunch; secondary outcomes: fasting plasma glucose and insulin, HbA1c, 24-h continuous glucose monitoring) would be improved more with the low-GI versus the high-GI MED-HEP. Additionally, we hypothesized that consumption of a MED-HEP would improve other markers of cardiometabolic health and well-being (fasting blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, sleep quality, satiety, global metabolic alterations in the plasma metabolome, changes in the gut microbiota, subjective health and well-being), with no difference between groups. Collectively, the design of MEDGI-Carb allows several different research questions to be explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03410719.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Biskup, Izabela, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of type 2 diabetes in Scandinavian men and women
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 104:1, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies that use dietary biomarkers to investigate the association between whole-grain intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) are lacking. Objective: We examined the association between plasma total alkylresorcinols and the alkylresorcinol C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake and relative whole grain rye over whole-grain wheat intake, respectively, and the risk of T2D among Scandinavian men and women. Design: A nested case-control study was established within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Alkylresorcinol concentrations and the ratios of C17:0 to C21:0 were determined in plasma samples from 931 case-control pairs. ORs for T2D were calculated for plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration or C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio in quartiles with the use of conditional logistic regression that was adjusted for potential confounders. Additional analyses with whole-grain wheat and rye intake estimated from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) as exposures were also performed. Results: The plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was not associated with T2D risk (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.88) for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles in multivariable adjusted models. However, the C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio was associated with a lower diabetes risk (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.78). Analyses with whole-grain intake estimated from FFQs yielded similar results. Conclusions: Total whole-grain wheat and rye intake, reflected by alkylresorcinols in plasma, was not associated with a lower risk of T2D in a population with high whole-grain intake. In contrast, the proportion of whole-grain rye to whole-grain wheat intake, indicated by the plasma C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, was inversely associated with T2D. This suggests that whole-grain intake dominated by rye may be favorable for T2D prevention.
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| 25. |
- Biskup, Izabela, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to A Abbasi
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 104:6, s. 1725-1726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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