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- Campbell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 Restrictions: A Study of 30 Countries From the I-SHARE Consortium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of interpersonal violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6518 .- 0886-2605. ; 38:11-12, s. 7115-7142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks.
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- Conrad, P, et al.
(författare)
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Antenatal care services in rural Uganda: missed opportunities for good-quality care
- 2012
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Ingår i: Qualitative health research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 22:5, s. 619-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experience from countries that have achieved low maternal mortality suggests that access to good-quality maternity services is critical to improve maternal health. In this article we appraise the quality of antenatal care (ANC) services in a rural district of Uganda. We used a mixed methods approach, relying on a combination of semistructured interviews with both clients and providers, structured observations of provider–patient interactions, and infrastructure assessment of selected health facilities. We found several bottlenecks in health service delivery, including ineffective organization of educational sessions; selective omission of certain services; lack of explanation of important clinical and laboratory procedures; failure to link the performed procedures with preventive information; and occasional lack of respect for clients. The policy implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the need to (a) ensure an adequate supply of medical equipment and drugs, (b) enhance health workers’ compliance with ANC guidelines, and (c) combine medical procedures with educational messages.
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- Larsen, EC, et al.
(författare)
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A role for PKC-epsilon in Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 cells
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Biology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0021-9525 .- 1540-8140. ; 159:6, s. 939-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a prominent role in immune signaling, and the paradigms for isoform selective signaling are beginning to be elucidated. Real-time microscopy was combined with molecular and biochemical approaches to demonstrate a role for PKC-epsilon in Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR)-dependent phagocytosis. RAW 264.7 macrophages were transfected with GFP-conjugated PKC isoforms, and GFP movement was followed during phagocytosis of fluorescent IgG-opsonized beads. PKC-epsilon, but not PKC-delta, concentrated around the beads. PKC-epsilon accumulation was transient; apparent as a "flash" on target ingestion. Similarly, endogenous PKC-epsilon was specifically recruited to the nascent phagosomes in a time-dependent manner. Overexpression of PKC-epsilon, but not PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, or PKC-gamma enhanced bead uptake 1.8-fold. Additionally, the rate of phagocytosis in GFP PKC-epsilon expressors was twice that of cells expressing GFP PKC-delta. Expression of the regulatory domain (ERD) and the first variable region (epsilonV1) of PKC-epsilon inhibited uptake, whereas the corresponding PKC-delta region had no effect. Actin polymerization was enhanced on expression of GFP PKC-epsilon and ERD, but decreased in cells expressing epsilonV1, suggesting that the epsilonRD and epsilonV1 inhibition of phagocytosis is not due to effects on actin polymerization. These results demonstrate a role for PKC-epsilon in FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis that is independent of its effects on actin assembly.
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