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- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated system for energy-efficient exhaust aftertreatment for heavy-duty vehicles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319177779 - 9783319177762 ; 1, s. 133-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. This chapter presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic- industrial research programme, E4 Mistra, to attain the goals of high energy efficiency and low emissions in an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, onboard hydrogen production for NOx reduction, and by finding new solutions for making the aftertreatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions, a mechanical filter using a sintered metal powder is developed and coated with catalytic material to improve the soot oxidation efficiency. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The integrated E4 Mistra system comprises four technological advances: thermoelectric (TE) materials for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using either the onboard diesel or biodiesel, H2 from a high-efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter. The TE materials are used in a TE generator (TEG) which converts thermal energy into electricity. The TEG is used to recuperate heat from the exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) circuit of heavy-duty trucks and is expected to generate ~1 kW electric power from 20 kW heat in the exhaust gas. The TEG is integrated in a plate heat exchanger (HEX) designed particularly for this application. Apart from the knowledge and experiences in TEG and heat exchange technologies, a thorough fluid dynamics and TE analysis are performed in this project to understand the governing processes and optimize the system accordingly. The components of the E4 Mistra system are explained in the chapter in addition to test results, which show the system's capacity for H2 production, NOx conversion, particulate matter filtration and soot oxidation, and finally electric power generation via heat recuperation from the exhaust gas using the developed TEG-HEX system.
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| 3. |
- Hossein Nia, Saeed, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation-based evaluation of maintenance strategies from a life cycle cost perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. - 9780646865881 ; 532-533, s. 258-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology that combines simulations of long-term mechanical degradation including maintenance interventions with an assessment of the associated socio-economic impact is proposed. This development responds to an urgent need within the railway sector to enable the evaluation of maintenance strategies from a LCC perspective. The functionality of the methodology is demonstrated in an investigation of rail grinding strategies for a curve on the Swedish Iron-ore line. The results indicate a reduction in LCC of 50% when using a harder rail material (R400HT) combined with annual rail grinding as compared to a softer rail material (R350LHT) and two grinding campaigns per year.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Markus, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A risk framework for optimising policies for deep decarbonisation technologies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massive resource infusion and coordination between state and market actors are needed to develop and diffuse deep decarbonisation technologies. This makes wise policy design imperative. Policy-makers are confronted with a plethora of diverging views on which policies are preferable for a low carbon transition, and which interventions, such as R&D funding, information, environmental taxes, or bans, should be employed to achieve necessary and sufficient technological transformation. Focusing on market and technological investment risks, we offer a conceptual framework that explains why no silver bullet policy or single theoretical approach exists in regard to decarbonisation. Our framework highlights that policies need to be designed with these risks in mind and aids in the key task of matching problems and policies, thereby also facilitating judicious use of resources to optimise climate benefits from resources spent.
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| 8. |
- Kaun, Anne, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Automating public administration : Citizens’ attitudes towards automated decision-making across Estonia, Sweden, and Germany
- 2024
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Ingår i: Information, Communication and Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 27:2, s. 314-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although algorithms are increasingly used for enabling the automation of tasks in public administration of welfare states, the citizens’ knowledge of, experiences with and attitudes towards automated decision-making (ADM) in public administration are still less known. This article strives to reveal the perspectives of citizens who are increasingly exposed to ADM systems, relying on a comparative analysis of a representative survey conducted in Estonia, Germany, and Sweden. The findings show that there are important differences between the three countries when it comes to awareness, trust, and perceived suitability of ADM in public administration, which map onto historical differences in welfare provisions or so-called welfare regimes.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Judicial Independence and Political Uncertainty: How the Risk of Override Affects the Court of Justice of the EU
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Organization. - 0020-8183 .- 1531-5088. ; 70:2, s. 377-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 The IO Foundation.There is broad agreement in the literature that international courts (ICs) make decisions with bounded discretion in relation to state governments. However, the scope of this discretion, and the determinants of its boundaries, are highly contested. In particular, the central mechanism in separation-of-powers models of judicial politics-the possibility of legislative override-has raised controversy. We argue that the uncertainty that judges face regarding the political reactions to their decisions has important and undertheorized implications for their behavior. On the one hand, cautious judges are likely to be attentive to signals that contain information about the probability of an unfavorable override. On the other hand, misjudgments of the political risks are likely to be made. Thus, the possibility of override is a significant factor affecting judicial behavior, but it is also a fairly blunt mechanism for balancing the independence and accountability of courts. The empirical study focuses on the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which has long been at the center of theory development regarding the legalization of world politics and the rise of international courts. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the CJEU's rulings and the political signals it receives, in a pattern that goes beyond legal merit, and that fits with the override mechanism. State governments are crucial parts of the broader audience that defines the political boundaries of judicial discretion.
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1983
(författare)
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Minoritarian Activism - Judicial Politics in the European Union
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Is the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) best described as a run-away agent free to influence the EU according to its own preferences, or as an obedient servant of EU member state governments? In this dissertation, Olof Larsson argues that neither description fits the CJEU. Rather, like all similar courts, the CJEU is dependent upon the support of at least a minority of EU member states in order to be able to change the EU in ways counter to the wishes of the majority. The CJEU has not become one of the EU’s most powerful institutions and the world’s most successful international court because it has been insulated from government pressures, but rather because the governments of the EU have been divided on most important issues. Inspired by Separation-of-Powers theories developed to explain the Supreme Court of the United States, Larsson argues that this division among the member states has been an underestimated factor in explaining the independence of the CJEU. However, the more united the governments are against the Court, the higher the risk of backlash, it is argued. The dissertation is composed of four empirical chapters, two of which have previously been published in peer-reviewed journals. In the first, Larsson and co-authors argue that the CJEU reacts to the stated preferences of the EU governments in ways which can best be explained as a strategic adaptation in order to minimize the risk of backlashes, i.e. political attacks against the Court or attempts to change the impact of its decisions. In the second, Larsson argues that such backlashes have happened. In the third, Larsson and co-authors argue that the most fundamental division among the governments in regards to the issues the CJEU deals with is one between Liberal and Social Market Economies. In the fourth and final empirical chapter it is argued that the CJEU also uses legal arguments in the shape of references to precedent in order to convince recalcitrant governments of the validity of its judgments. In short, the CJEU both listens to and speaks back to EU governments. These governments are often divided along lines separating Social from Liberal Market Economies, but when they are sufficiently united, backlashes against the CJEU do happen.
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| 12. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1983
(författare)
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Political and constitutional overrides: the case of the Court of Justice of European Union
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of European Public Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-1763 .- 1466-4429. ; 28:12, s. 1932-1949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overrides are acts by politicians which undo or modify the impact of court decisions. In the field of judicial politics in general, and in studies of the Court of Justice of the European Union's role in European integration in particular, the existence and effects of overrides have been intensely debated. This article argues that much of this disagreement is driven by a lack of a common definition of the term at issue. It distinguishes between 'political' and 'constitutional' overrides, and defines the conditions under which either matters for judicial independence in the European Union and the Court's impact on European integration. This is followed by an investigation into the occurrence of overrides in the European Union. It is concluded that while political overrides, where the policy impact of court decisions are affected by subsequent EU legislation, have occurred, constitutional overrides, which challenge or revise the Court's mandate, have not.
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Selection and Appointment in International Adjudication: Insights from Political Science
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of International Dispute Settlement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2040-3593 .- 2040-3585. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes insights from political science and empirical legal scholarship concerning selection and appointment of adjudicators to permanent international courts (ICs). This scholarship suggests that designers of ICs face challenging trade-offs in balancing judicial independence and accountability, as well as in promoting descriptive representation and necessary qualifications on the bench. The article considers different institutional design features related to appointment procedures: representation, reappointment, screening procedures and procedures for removing judges. Representation is discussed in a series of sections considering full or selective representation, voting rules and geographic and gender quotas and aspirational targets. Throughout, we draw on data on 24 ICs to illustrate the different appointment procedures and institutional features.
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Speaking law to power : the strategic use of precedent of the court of justice of the European Union
- 2017
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Ingår i: Comparative Political Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0010-4140 .- 1552-3829. ; 50:7, s. 879-907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that courts may increase their autonomy and effectiveness by persuading governmental actors, who have powers over the societal impact of judicial decisions, of the legal quality of their rulings. This view combines a strategic perspective on judicial decision making with a conception of persuasion that allows courts to widen their zone of discretion. We support our argument with data from the European Union, where we find that the Court of Justice improves its legal justifications—by embedding its decisions in case law—when it faces a more adverse political environment. Our findings suggest both that the limits of judicial independence are set largely by political preferences, and that legal rhetoric may be an opportunity for courts to extend their room for maneuver. They also indicate that political audiences may indirectly influence the development of case law, by triggering courts to engage in precedent.
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| 15. |
- Larsson, Olof, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Split Vision: Multidimensionality in the European Union's Legal Policy Space
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Studies Quarterly. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0020-8833 .- 1468-2478. ; 63:3, s. 492-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) offers an example of deep judicialization, where highly salient political values are adjudicated on a regular basis. In such contexts, political attention may shift from national sovereignty costs (the vertical dimension) to distributive conflicts within and between states (the horizontal dimension), creating a multidimensional legal policy space. We discuss the implications of this setting for judicial behavior and argue that it may create both opportunities and pitfalls for international judges, depending on how the dimensions are related. If the institutional interests of judges in promoting international law systematically favor some states over others on the horizontal dimension, judicial activism is likely to provoke feedback effects in the form of severe legitimacy problems. If the dimensions are unrelated, on the other hand, adjudicators become further empowered. We draw on a large dataset to show how the Court of Justice of the EU has been able to use divisions between states on the left-right dimension to enhance the legitimacy and autonomy of European law.
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| 16. |
- Lidén, Gustav, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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From 1.0 to 2.0 : Swedish municipalities online
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology & Politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1933-1681 .- 1933-169X. ; 13:4, s. 339-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study examines the social media use of Swedish municipalities, detailing the potential relationship between traditional forms of e-government initiatives and social media engagement of municipal bodies. By bringing these two forms of digital politics together, a more valid measurement of the supply of online democratic tools for citizen engagement is suggested. Moreover, the potential variation in determinants influencing these two concepts is examined as well. The main results indicate that municipalities’ adoption of social media is related to the procuration of more traditional services through their Web sites. Hence, a tendency of a “rich-get-richer” effect is indicated. In this respect, drivers of the different types of government use of digital services are to some extent similar. According to previous research, population size has a positive effect on the studied phenomena. Somewhat surprisingly, however, other explanatory factors differ. For example, although socioeconomic factors appear to have a positive influence on more traditional forms of online services, previous ambitions of e-government development appear as important for social media adoption by municipalities.
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