| 1. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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PST
- 2019
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Annan publikation (mjukvara/multimedium) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PST is a tool for performing space syntax and regular accessibility analyses. It currently consists of two main parts - a C++ and Python library called Pstalgo and a plugin for the desktop application QGIS.PST is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users.For latest download visit either the Chalmers publication page, or find "Releases" on the Github page.
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| 2. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The spatial distribution and frequency of street, plot and building types across five European cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning B-Urban Analytics and City Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2399-8083 .- 2399-8091. ; 46:7, s. 1226-1242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typologies have always played an important role in urban planning and design practice and formal studies have been central to the field of urban morphology. These studies have predominantly been of a historical-qualitative nature and do not support quantitative comparisons between urban areas and between different cities, nor offer the precise and comprehensive descriptions needed by those engaged in urban planning and design practice. To describe contemporary urban forms, which are more diffuse and often elude previous historic typologies, systematic quantitative methods can be useful but, until recently, these have played a limited role in typo-morphological studies. This paper contributes to recent developments in this field by integrating multi-variable geometric descriptions with inter-scalar relational descriptions of urban form. It presents typologies for three key elements of urban form (streets, plots and buildings) in five European cities, produced using statistical clustering methods. In a first instance, the resulting typologies contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of streets, plots and buildings. In particular, the results offer insight into patterns between the types (i.e. which types are found in combination and which not) and provide a new large scale comparative analysis across five European cities. To conclude, a link between quantitative analysis and theory is established, by testing two well-known theoretical propositions in urban morphology: the concept of the burgage cycle and the theory of natural movement.
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| 3. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Maktperspektiv i byggd miljö : Reflektioner från Gottsunda
- 2019. - 77
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Ingår i: Stadsutveckling & design för motstridiga önskemål. - Stockholm : Arkus. - 9789198042283 ; , s. 241-268
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avsikten med det här kapitlet är att reflektera kring två teman – makt och rumsstruktur – på ett sätt som underlättar för planeringspraktiken att ta sig an relationer mellan dessa teman. Området är brett och komplext och också komplicerat; eftersom makt till övervägande del är en social praktik låter den sig inte på ett enkelt sätt avläsas i rumsstrukturer.1 Detta, att makt är en social praktik, betyder dock inte att rummet inte ’utövar’ makt i sig själv i fysisk mening. Rum utövar ett slags makt genom att sätta begränsningar och erbjuda möjligheter, dela upp och binda samman, stödja, fostra, försvåra och underlätta olika sociala, kulturella, och ekonomiska praktiker. Rummet lyfter fram, visar eller gömmer, och så vidare – arkitektur är så att säga en social praktik.
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| 4. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Suburbs and Power : Configuration, Direct and Symbolic Presence, Absence, and Power in The Swedish Suburb Gottsunda
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th Space Syntax Symposium. - Beijing : Beijing Jiaotong University. ; , s. 264-2:1-264-2:21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One aspect of how cities are arranged and configured, from structures of communication networks to land division, programme distribution, and location of functions, monuments, and other urban objects is directly related to questions of power and representation. While sometimes more explicitly discussed regarding buildings or historical cities, as by Thomas A Markus and Kim Dovey, it is a present inquiry in a lot of syntax research. This article will engage explicitly with this inquiry through the filter of the city as a pedagogical device encoding and communicating priorities, values, and roles in society through built form and its subsequent effects on individual and collective use. From this perspective, centrality, and who is given space centrally, becomes a question of power and values as centrality for something (or someone) comes at the expense of something (or someone) else. Who this someone is might not always be obvious in terms of concerning a person but could be a type of amenity, a process, a kind of actor, or more symbolic means. It is a means by which one can remind others of one’s right to take up space, and the importance for the generic public to be aware of and relate to oneself. But power also operates through other means in displacing and relegating to the side or periphery, by claiming exclusivity through seclusion, or by imposing presence through other means such as being located in central viewsheds while physically not located centrally. This article draws on earlier studies to construct an understanding of how power can be read as manifest in the material, spatial structure of Gottsunda outside of Uppsala in Sweden, a suburb considered a particularly challenging area from a segregation perspective but where local variations of how the area is experienced are significant, suggesting that questions of ‘who’ or ‘what’ is Gottsunda are of interest to examine, and where specific aspects of the spatial systems allow local acts of control and dominance which then contribute to the image of the area as a whole. Such power structures and identity formations are analyzed in part by constructing how symbolic/visual and material/practical presence and absence of various actors and functions are configured to build an understanding of importance/unimportance and other types of power structures ‘ground-up’. The article thus—in addition to the particular study of Gottsunda and Uppsala—both advances and refines how power can be analyzed and understood through spatial configuration.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Rumslig gestaltning och sociala processer : Skolor som förmedlare av samhällelig närvaro
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stadsutveckling & design för motstridiga önskemål. - Stockholm : Arkus. - 9789198042283 ; , s. 213-239
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forskningsprojektet Gränssnitt Gottsunda syftar till att öka förståelsen för hur förutsättningar i byggnader och städer får betydelse för sociala processer som i sin tur formar och reproducerar samhället. Centrala frågor i det här projektet berör segregation, utanförskap och ojämna livsvillkor samt hur dessa är kopplade till stadens resurser, till andra människor och olika samhällsgrupper påverkas till följd av stadens form och organisationen i stadsrummet.I denna text redovisas en av projektets delstudier som handlar om hur olika byggnader och institutioner syns i stadsrummet och vad det signalerar om samhället i stort. Vi har valt skolbyggnader som exempel som får representera en typ av samhällelig funktion med stor betydelse för lokalsamhället, i synnerhet i områden med en befolkning som har begränsade socioekonomiska resurser. Närmare bestämt studeras i vilken grad och på vilket sätt skolor är synliga i stadsdelen, vilken rumslig logik deras placering följer och vad detta kan ha för betydelse för det vardagliga livet.
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| 11. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Schools at 'Front Row' : Public buildings in relation to societal presence and social exclusion
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th Space Syntax Symposium. - Beijing : Beijing Jiaotong University. ; , s. 287-2:1-287-2:19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In analyses of affordances and opportunities in different neighbourhoods it is found that access to public buildings and a well-functioning public space are of outmost importance. This is found to be especially important in neighbourhoods having a population with fewer resources, areas often discussed in terms as ‘deprived’ or ‘excluded’, concepts that alludes to the phenomenon of segregation. Presence or visibility of key facilities manifest power situations and relations, and, may be seen as symbols of society at large and even extensions of society affecting tendencies of social exclusion and inclusion. It is argued that amenities, and what they represent, materialized through architecture, are important not only for those who use these facilities but also for others. These institutions are in a low-intense way continuously reminding of the larger society and signal coherence with such larger community.In this study we investigate how the location of schools performs as a result of spatial location in combination with spatial configuration, creating different degrees of accessibility and presence locally. More specifically, we investigate to what extent institutions for education are located centrally in the area, visible for both locals and non-locals, and to what extent they are situated at ‘front row seat’ from a configurative perspective. We draw from ideas discussed by Hillier (2009), Vaughan (2013), Legeby et al. (2015), and Peponis (2017).First, the most central paths and spaces are identified in the studied district, establishing the integration core. Then, the location of schools are analysed in relation to this. Apart from establishing the most central paths and how this structure relates to the schools, we add information of the size and content of the catchment area of each school, including distance between residential buildings and schools. This allows for a detailed mapping of variations in access to schools within the neighbourhood, and establish presence or absence of these institutions in the neighbourhood, argued to have implications both for pupils (and their families), as well as for others. Finally, income levels are superimposed to reveal to what extent there is diversity of different socio-economic groups within each specific catchment area.The results show that there are two different logics at work in the district of Gottsunda, having different social implications; preschools tend to be more deeply located in the structure, having more limited catchment areas but a strong relation to housing units, while compulsory schools are located in proximity of the integration core and thus more present in the neighbourhood at large. Moreover, the location of the schools in combination with the configurative properties is found to reproduce residential segregation patterns rather than creating interfaces between social groups. We argue that urban design and architecture could be more efficiently used when trying to create more equal living conditions and address social exclusion if we have higher awareness of the social implications of what is located at ‘front row seat’ in a neighbourhood.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Street Interaction and Social Inclusion
- 2015. - 1
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Ingår i: Suburban Urbanities. - London : UCL Press. - 9781910634158 - 9781910634134 ; , s. 239-262
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suburban space has traditionally been understood as a formless remnant of physical city expansion, without a dynamic or logic of its own. Suburban Urbanities challenges this view by defining the suburb as a temporally evolving feature of urban growth.Anchored in the architectural research discipline of space syntax, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of urban change, touching on the history of the suburb as well as its current development challenges, with a particular focus on suburban centres. Studies of the high street as a centre for social, economic and cultural exchange provide evidence for its critical role in sustaining local centres over time. Contributors from the architecture, urban design, geography, history and anthropology disciplines examine cases spanning Europe and around the Mediterranean.By linking large-scale city mapping, urban design scale expositions of high street activity and local-scale ethnographies, the book underscores the need to consider suburban space on its own terms as a specific and complex field of social practiceLaura Vaughan is Professor of Urban Form and Society at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London. In addition to her longstanding research into London’s suburban evolution, she has written on many other critical aspects of urbanism today.
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| 14. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Streets for co-presence? : Mapping potentials
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Space Syntax Symposium. - London : Space Syntax Laboratory, The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London. - 9780993342905 ; , s. 108:1-108:17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In times of increasing residential segregation in cities the potential for interplay between local inhabitants and non-‐locals in urban public space becomes increasingly important. By sharing space we gain information and knowledge from our fellow citizens (Granovetter, 1983), and are enabled to participate in processes that negotiate social structures, attitudes, norms and acceptable behaviours (Giddens, 1984; Zukin, 2005). From this point of departure streets as well as local squares and centres appear to have a key role providing an arena for interplay between different social groups and an arena for exchanging information and are seen as crucial for providing access to opportunities and various urban resources (Young, 1996). Many neighbourhoods, however, have proved to fail in this respect and in areas that today face problems related to social exclusion in Sweden the streets are often characterized by co-‐absence rather than co-‐presence and there is an evident ruptured interface between locals and non-‐locals (Legeby, 2013). We argue that patterns of co-‐presence to a large extent are influenced by urban form and by the morphological properties that also is related to what kind of non-‐residential activities are likely to emerge locally. This paper aims to highlight the critical role of public space and demonstrate how configurational properties may be analysed and described so that it becomes clear if and where urban design interventions can be used in order to create more favourable conditions and improve access to both various urban resources and to an urban life with a mix of locals and non-‐locals. In a project conducted in collaboration with the city of Gothenburg seven neighbourhoods are analysed according to the potential for co-‐presence in public urban space, and according to access to urban resources; two aspects identified as highly relevant from an urban segregation perspective. This paper uses a three pronged approach that combines configurational analysis, accessibility analysis and observations, and various diagrammatical representations of the results are presented. The findings establish that several of the neighbourhoods prove to hold unfavourable conditions as a result of their spatial configuration. Nevertheless, the study illustrates a way forward whereby public planning can be supported by socio-‐spatial analysis and more accurately operate by using urban design to reach more equal living conditions and overcome social exclusion.
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| 15. |
- Miranda Carranza, Pablo, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Path Diagrams : Configurational descriptions from GIS data, an algorithm and its implications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th Space Syntax Symposium. - Beijing : Beijing Jiaotong University. ; , s. 289:1-289:15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes and explains a type of diagrams which share some of the characteristics distinctive of axial maps, while also differing substantially in some other aspects. A main discussion in Space Syntax is the capacity of different diagrammatic representations to describe relevant morphological characteristics of space: convex maps or visibility graphs at the scale of buildings; axial maps and other topological representations of streets or roads at urban and geographic scales. The relevance of these representations is often assessed through the correlation of the different metrics they afford with empirical observations of real phenomena, such as the flow, circulation and presence of people in space. This has led to an instrumentalist understanding of representations and models through their capacity to produce measurements that may be empirically correlated, relegating other aspects to a secondary plane. In their “Space Syntax” paper from 1976, Hillier et al. outlined a research programme based on the proposition of morphic languages and their syntaxes; the collection of maps and diagrams proposed by Hillier and Hanson years later in “the Social Logic of Space,” including the axial map, carried further this programme of a science of diagrams and “morphic languages,” rather than one focused on metrics and their empirical correlations. This paper wants to reconsider some of these original characteristics of the representations of spatial configurations, through the proposition of a diagram and an algorithm to generate it. This diagram has been developed for its use in the comparison and classification of spatial configurations. Using data available from Open Street Map, the algorithm presented here builds a graph in which its vertices consist of straight paths on the original graph, and edges represent crossings or adjacencies of these straight paths. The process involves the implicit construction of what is known in graph theory as the line graph and a set of operations so as to derive the final graph from it. This graph is referred to in the paper as the “straight path graph,” as it consists of paths, both in their graph theoretical sense of a sequence of non-repeated vertices, and in their more general sense as circulation paths on a map. The insistence on its qualities as a diagram is the result of a need to describe more concisely spatial organisations in order to map, compare and classify them, either by hand or through the use of diverse automatic techniques and algorithms, rather than its use in the production and correlation of metrics with empirical observations.
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| 16. |
- Sun, Kailun, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Squares for co-presence : The influence of urban form on the intensity and diversity of people co-present in 12 squares in Gothenburg
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 11th International Space Syntax Symposium, SSS 2017. - : Instituto Superior Tecnico, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Georrecursos. - 9789729899447 ; , s. 115.1-115.20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing residential segregation in cities gives public spaces a more important role in solidarity processes, bringing people together, supporting movement, co-presence and co-awareness. Local squares thus have the greatest significance providing an arena for social interplay as people become co-present. Earlier studies showed that high spatial integration plays an important role for the mix of locals and non-locals besides aspects relating to population density and land use. The purpose of this paper is to reach a better understanding whether also more local properties that characterize a square influence co-presence. Further, more squares are added to represent a broader spectrum of neighbourhoods which will help us understand whether network integration is important in all types of neighbourhoods. Thirdly, this study will help to inform whether earlier findings by Legeby in Stockholm, Södertälje and Gothenburg can be confirmed which allows us to generalize these findings. The amount of people co-present in squares and the share of non-local visitors are studied as two indicators (or aspects) of co-presence. The empirical data was collected through observation including snapshots and interviews. The number of people present in the public squares was noted and the interviews were used to measure the share of non-locals. The spatial analysis includes besides integration and betweenness, an analysis of density (both population and building density) and land uses accessible from the squares within various radii. Also, geometric characteristics such as size, shape and enclosure of the squares are included in the study. The result shows different patterns of co-presence in the 12 studied squares, especially if we distinguish squares in the most central area of Gothenburg with squares located at a longer distance from the city centre. Some findings confirm earlier findings and allow us to generalize the findings as other findings seem not to be relevant in all cities. Further, pure geometric properties of squares do not show strong correlations with co-presence. We can thus conclude that the local design intervention of squares cannot promote co-presence very well without the support of urban structure.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Abshirini, Ehsan, et al.
(författare)
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Flood hazard and its impact on the resilience of cities : An accessibility-based approach to amenities in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 11th International Space Syntax Symposium, SSS 2017. - : Instituto Superior Tecnico, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Georrecursos. - 9789729899447 ; , s. 36.1-36.15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the wake of climate change and its impact on increasing the number and intensity of floods, adaptability of cities to and resistance against the flood hazard is critical to retain functionality of the cities. Vulnerability of urban infrastructure and its resilience to flooding from different points of view have been important and worth investigating for experts in different fields of science. Flood hazards as physical phenomena are influenced by form of the cities and thus the magnitude of their impacts can be intensified by urban infrastructures such as street networks and buildings (Bacchin et. al, 2011). In this paper, we aim to develop a method to assess the resilience of a river city (the city of Gothenburg in Sweden), which is prone to flood events, against such disturbances and find out how the city reacts to river floods and to what extent the city retains its accessibility to essential amenities after a flood occurs. To do so, collecting required data; we, firstly, simulate flood inundation with two different return periods (50 and 1000 years) and then the impact areas overlay on the street networks. Evaluating the resilience of the city, syntactic properties of the street networks before and after flooding are measured at different scales. Additionally, accessibility and the minimum distance of the street networks to essential amenities such as healthcare centers, schools and commercial centers, at a medium distance (3 Km) is examined. The results show that flooding influences the city configuration at global scale more than the local scale based on comparison of syntactic properties before and after flooding. However, the results of accessibility and the minimum distance show that the impact of flooding on the functionality of the city is more limited to the riparian areas and the city is not affected globally.
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| 19. |
- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-
(författare)
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Nytt miljonprogram unik chans att lösa flera frågor
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm. - 1101-2447. ; :25-apr
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dolt värde av enorma mått. Ett nytt miljonprogram kan förskräcka, men kan vara just vad Sverige behöver. Men vi ska inte upprepa misstagen från förra gången. Istället måste politierna nu ta fasta på denna unika chans at ta itu med vår tids stora utmaningar som integration, tillväxt och hållbarhet.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Colding, Johan, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Frontiers in Social-Ecological Urbanism
- 2022
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Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 11:6, s. 929-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a new approach in urban ecological design, referred to as social- ecological urbanism (SEU). It draws from research in resilience thinking and space syntax in the analysis of relationships between urban processes and urban form at the microlevel of cities, where social and ecological services are directly experienced by urban dwellers. The paper elaborates on three types of media for urban designers to intervene in urban systems, including urban form, institutions, and discourse, that together function as a significant enabler of urban change. The paper ends by presenting four future research frontiers with a potential to advance the field of social-ecological urbanism: (1) urban density and critical biodiversity thresholds, (2) human and non-human movement in urban space, (3) the retrofitting of urban design, and (4) reversing the trend of urban ecological illiteracy through affordance designs that connect people with nature and with each other.
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| 23. |
- Fagerholm, Nora, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of pandemic outdoor recreation and green infrastructure in Nordic cities to enhance urban resilience
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Urban Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 2661-8001. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent empirical research has confirmed the importance of green infrastructure and outdoor recreation to urban people’s well- being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, only a few studies provide cross-city analyses. We analyse outdoor recreation behaviour across four Nordic cities ranging from metropolitan areas to a middle-sized city. We collected map based survey data from residents (n = 469–4992) in spring 2020 and spatially analyse green infrastructure near mapped outdoor recreation sites and respondents’ places of residence. Our statistical examination reveals how the interplay among access to green infrastructure across cities and at respondents’ residential location, together with respondents’ socio-demographic profiles and lockdown policies or pandemic restrictions, affects outdoor recreation behaviour. The results highlight that for pandemic resilience, the history of Nordic spatial planning is important. To support well-being in exceptional situations as well as in the long term, green infrastructure planning should prioritise nature wedges in and close to cities and support small-scale green infrastructure
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| 24. |
- Feng, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility patterns based on steps, direction changes, and angular deviation : Are they consistent?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings: 13th International Space Syntax Symposium. - : Western Norway University of Applied sciences. ; , s. 534:1-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modeling spaces and their relationships is at the core of syntactic analysis, including reach analysis. In a syntactic model, two spaces can be described as close together or far apart based on the directional distance between them. In this study, we compare three different ways of measuring directional distance—namely, by number of steps, by number of direction changes, and by angular deviation—in the context of accessibility and reach analysis. By graphically showing how choosing a different way of measuring directional distance can result in a different reach or accessibility pattern, we provide an intuitive understanding of the different natures of the syntactic measures. By demonstrating how the modeling conventions and the geometric composition of lines at a local scale can have a huge impact on the results of syntactic analysis at a larger scale, we call for more attention to the conventions and principles used for modeling street networks.
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| 25. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Equal living environments : Universal design and (un)equal access from a syntactic perspective, Uppsala, Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings 13th International Space Syntax Symposium. - Bergen : Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. ; , s. 466:1-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syntactic analysis focuses analyzing space from a general perspective, where connections of ‘visibility and access’ are analyzed through different geometrical abstractions. In universal design research, the point of origin is that what is ‘visible’ or ‘accessible’ is different for different people depending on for example age or disability. This paper addresses challenges in the way models are made, used and theorized in space syntax research as capturing or describing relations between people and environment, specifically from the perspective that if people are different, so are their respective ‘connections of access and visibility’, and potentially their subsequent patterns of centrality and accessibility. Such difference, as recognized in universal design research, may appear on both the local (molecular) and the global (molar) scale; i.e., the effects of accessibility difference can be on a local scale of whether a relative detour is needed or not, but also on global structures of centrality in a city or municipality as a whole. However, there is need for structured understanding of the ‘molar’ level, and the interrelation between scales. Following Gibson’s theory that affordances exist neither in the environment nor in species, but in the specific relation between them, this paper engages with how such differences can be empirically, methodologically and theoretically understood based on empirical research in the city of Uppsala, Sweden. This work utilizes municipal data and input from disability rights organizations to explore the problem, and presents important considerations for both research and practice as comes to inclusiveness in spatial analysis and accessibility.
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