| 1. |
- Andreassen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Kokbok för förändringsledare : Metdoder för att stötta engagerade människor att förverkliga idéer
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här är en kokbok för förändringsledare. Du kan använda denna bok om du ska leda utvecklingsaktiviteter och letar efter bra och beprövade metoder för att leda grupper och processer. Vi beskriver metoderna som vi har använt inom vårt projekt SMICE, i vilket sammanhang metoderna använts och när de olika metoderna fungerat bra. Vår förhoppning med att nedteckna dessa metoder är att du ska inspireras och vågar prova något nytt för att skapa nytta. Vi tror att ett detaljerat sätt att dokumentera metoderna gör dem mer användbara för dig men också för oss själva. Metoderna är graderade efter vilket behov av förkunskap och förberedelser du behöver, från det enklaste, där du kan öppna kokboken och använda metoden på en gång, till metoder som kräver utbildning eller specialistkompetens innan du sätter igång. Boken är indelad i fyra huvuddelar; Starta, Forma, Utveckla och förankra och Bygga vidare. Till dessa delar har vi identifierat metodstöd som kan användas vid en rad olika tillfällen; vid idégenerering, vid idéutveckling, vid affärsutveckling, för att inspirera, för att skapa samsyn och samverkan och för att mobilisera större grupper av människor och organisationer. Något för alla, alltså. Avslutningsvis finner du tips och stöd för att driva dessa utvecklingsprocesser på distans med digitala verktyg i digitala möten. Ska vi sammanfatta någon lärdom av detta arbete så blir det våra nycklar som presenteras på nästa sida. Du kan se dessa nycklar som våra bästa råd för att du ska lyckas med ditt arbete med att leda processer och att ordna möten. Lycka till! Metoderna har testats och utvecklats inom SMICE - Samskapande Mittnordisk Innovationsarena för Cirkulär Ekonomi, ett projekt inom Interreg som pågått 2017-2020.
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| 2. |
- Bolmsjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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The use of drama to support reflection and understanding of the residents' situation in dementia care : a pilot study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 9:3, s. 183-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. One key aspect of person-centredness is striving to understand both the patients' experiences and behaviours from their perspective. These aspects are precisely those that staff in dementia care highlight as causing them most difficulty because the people in their care have major problems expressing themselves. There is thus a need to develop a method to help the staff to achieve interpretation through reflection.Aim. The aim of this study was to explore the use of drama as a tool to support reflection among staff working in the residential care of people with dementia.Design. A qualitative evaluation of a programme consisting of three drama sessions with staff working in residential care (n = 10 nurse assistants).Methods. Data comprised observations and tape recordings of the sessions, the researchers' reflections after each session and a focus-group interview with the participants. The texts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results. The analysis showed that: (i) the exercises stimulate reflection about daily caring practice; (ii) the participants must receive extensive information about the purpose of the sessions; (iii) the research team must secure the defined frames and conditions and have practical knowledge about caring for people with dementia and (iv) the management needs to be stable, committed and supportive.Conclusion. Drama seems to be a valid tool to aid reflection, but several adjustments are needed concerning both the content of the sessions and the methodology. When designing a larger intervention study, it would be preferable to the sessions to be combined with staff support to effect changes in care provision resulting from their increased awareness of the residents' situation and experience.Implications for practice. Our results showed that drama can be a means to enhance reflection among staff in residential care for people with dementia. Further research is however needed concerning the effects for the staff's situation and nursing care quality.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Amer-Wåhlin, Isis, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus ST analysis of fetal electrocardiogram for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a Swedish randomised controlled trial
- 2001
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 358:9281, s. 534-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that analysis of the ST waveform of the fetal electrocardiogram provides information on the fetal response to hypoxia. We did a multicentre randomised controlled trial to test the hypothesis that intrapartum monitoring with cardiotocography combined with automatic ST-waveform analysis results in an improved perinatal outcome compared with cardiotocography alone. METHODS: At three Swedish labour wards, 4966 women with term fetuses in the cephalic presentation entered the trial during labour after a clinical decision had been made to apply a fetal scalp electrode for internal cardiotocography. They were randomly assigned monitoring with cardiotocography plus ST analysis (CTG+ST group) or cardiotocography only (CTG group). The main outcome measure was rate of umbilical-artery metabolic acidosis (pH <7.05 and base deficit >12 mmol/L). Secondary outcomes included operative delivery for fetal distress. Results were first analysed according to intention to treat, and secondly after exclusion of cases with severe malformations or with inadequate monitoring. FINDINGS: The CTG+ST group showed significantly lower rates of umbilical-artery metabolic acidosis than the cardiotocography group (15 of 2159 [0.7%] vs 31 of 2079 [2%], relative risk 0.47 [95% CI 0.25-0.86], p=0.02) and of operative delivery for fetal distress (193 of 2519 [8%] vs 227 of 2447 [9%], 0.83 [0.69-0.99], p=0.047) when all cases were included according to intention to treat. The differences were more pronounced after exclusion of 291 in the CTG+ST group and 283 in the CTG group with malformations or inadequate recording. INTERPRETATION: Intrapartum monitoring with cardiotocography combined with automatic ST-waveform analysis increases the ability of obstetricians to identify fetal hypoxia and to intervene more appropriately, resulting in an improved perinatal outcome.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus : A prospective, population-based study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) causing gait impairment, dementia and urinary incontinence among the elderly, is probably under-diagnosed and under-treated. Despite being known since the 1960s, there is still a lack of prospective, population-based studies on the prevalence of iNPH. Such studies are warranted to minimize selection bias and estimate the true prevalence of the disease.Methods: The prevalence of iNPH was determined in a randomly selected sample of residents, aged 65 years and older, in the Swedish county of Jämtland. Out of 1,000 individuals invited to participate, 673 (67.3%) completed a questionnaire with seven questions on iNPH symptoms. A subgroup, with and without self-reported symptoms, participated in clinical and radiological evaluations and were diagnosed according to international guidelines. Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure was not performed as it was considered too invasive.Results: Those who reported at least two symptoms in the questionnaire (n = 117) and 51 randomly selected individuals with 0–1 symptom participated in further examinations. Out of them, 25 individuals received the diagnosis probable iNPH according to American-European guidelines (except for the criterion of CSF opening pressure) corresponding to a prevalence of 3.7%. The prevalence of iNPH was four times higher among those aged 80 years and older (8.9%) than among those aged 65–79 years (2.1%) (p <0.001). The difference in prevalence between men (4.6%) and women (2.9%) was not significant (p = 0.24). When iNPH was diagnosed according to the Japanese guidelines the prevalence was 1.5%Conclusions: In this prospective, population-based study the prevalence of iNPH was 3.7% among individuals 65 years and older, and more common in the higher age group, 80 years and above. INPH should be increasingly recognized since it is a fairly common condition and an important cause of gait impairment and dementia among the elderly that can be effectively treated by shunt surgery.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björklund, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Patterns of Daily Occupations among Older Adults in Northern Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 21:2, s. 143-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sought to expand knowledge regarding patterns of daily occupations and, specifically, to explore and describe the daily occupations of Swedish people aged over 70 years by investigating sequences, contexts and time-use. A cross-sectional design with a time-geographic approach was used. Open time diaries from 151 participants were collected and analysed using the software VISUAL-TimePAcTS. The results were illustrated as a routine of six pooled intervals during 24-hour sequences. The intervals comprised different lengths of time and each interval was dominated by different occupations. Night was dominated by ‘care for oneself’; morning by ‘house-keeping’ and ‘reflection and recreation’; lunch-time by care for oneself; afternoon by ‘reflection and recreation’; dinner/tea-time by ‘care for oneself’, and evening by ‘reflection and recreation’. The results were also illustrated as characteristic profiles of occupations visualised by the number of participants in each occupation during 24-hour sequences. Occupations were mainly supported by the home environment. Summed time-use showed the highest proportions in ‘care for oneself’ and ‘reflection and recreation’ occupations. To what extent health and well-being experiences of patterns of daily occupations might be related to challenges and fulfilment of basic occupational needs requires further investigation
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| 8. |
- Björklund, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Patterns of Daily Occupations Related to Older Adults' Health in Northern Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - Melbourne : Informa UK Limited. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 22:2, s. 127-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of temporal patterns of daily occupations that could be related to high and low subjective health among older adults in Northern Sweden. A cross-sectional design imprinted by time-geographic methodology was used and participants 70 years and older were purposively selected and divided into groups of high and low health using the SoC-29 and SF-36 questionnaires. Daily occupations data were registered and analysed using VISUAL Time-PAcTS and related to health conditions using SPSS. The results showed that the participants in the high- and low-health groups showed similar patterns of participation in occupations during the 24-hour sequences describing their daily routines. Some differences in patterns of frequency and duration of occupations were shown between health groups during the 24-hour sequences as well as within six intervals. The low-health group showed higher frequencies and longer durations for “care for oneself” and “reflection and recreation” occupations and lower for “house-keeping” and “procure and prepare food” occupations compared to the high-health groups. There were few significant differences between the high- and low-health groups' mean durations for occupations. The results of this study could contribute to the support and assistance of occupations of older adults in society.
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| 9. |
- Bolmsjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
The use of drama to support reflection and understanding of the residents' situation in dementia care : a pilot study.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 9:3, s. 183-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of drama to support reflection and understanding of the residents' situation in dementia care: a pilot study. International Journal of Older People Nursing doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2012.00333.x Background. One key aspect of person-centredness is striving to understand both the patients' experiences and behaviours from their perspective. These aspects are precisely those that staff in dementia care highlight as causing them most difficulty because the people in their care have major problems expressing themselves. There is thus a need to develop a method to help the staff to achieve interpretation through reflection. Aim. The aim of this study was to explore the use of drama as a tool to support reflection among staff working in the residential care of people with dementia. Design. A qualitative evaluation of a programme consisting of three drama sessions with staff working in residential care (n = 10 nurse assistants). Methods. Data comprised observations and tape recordings of the sessions, the researchers' reflections after each session and a focus-group interview with the participants. The texts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results. The analysis showed that: (i) the exercises stimulate reflection about daily caring practice; (ii) the participants must receive extensive information about the purpose of the sessions; (iii) the research team must secure the defined frames and conditions and have practical knowledge about caring for people with dementia and (iv) the management needs to be stable, committed and supportive. Conclusion. Drama seems to be a valid tool to aid reflection, but several adjustments are needed concerning both the content of the sessions and the methodology. When designing a larger intervention study, it would be preferable to the sessions to be combined with staff support to effect changes in care provision resulting from their increased awareness of the residents' situation and experience. Implications for practice. Our results showed that drama can be a means to enhance reflection among staff in residential care for people with dementia. Further research is however needed concerning the effects for the staff's situation and nursing care quality.
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| 10. |
- Bruce, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers' lived experiences of support when living with young children with congenital heart defects
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1744-6155 .- 1539-0136. ; 19:1, s. 54-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to illuminate the meanings of support as disclosed by mothers of children with congenital heart defects (CHD).DESIGN AND METHOD: Narrative interviews were conducted with 10 mothers of children with CHD. A phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used for interpretation of the transcribed interviews.RESULTS: The comprehensive understanding of mothers' lived experiences of support emerged as the experiences of receiving good support, receiving "poor support," and absence of support.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Mothers receiving person-centered and family-centered care feel more supported and are more likely to adapt to the stresses of parenting a child with CHD.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Edberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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The shift from a medical to a nursing orientation : a comparison of Swedish nursing students' expectations when entering the nursing degree programme in 2003 and 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 35:9, s. e78-e83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The focus of education in nursing has changed over time with a decreased focus on biomedicine and an increased focus on nursing science. It is therefore important to investigate whether these changes are also reflected in the students' conceptions and expectations of the programme over time.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe and compare two cohorts of students entering the nursing programme with 10year in between (2003 and 2013), regarding their demographic background, reasons for wanting to become a registered nurse, expectations of the programme and perceptions of the nursing profession.DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional cohort study carried out at a university in southern Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: In all, 177 nursing students participated in the study, 89 from the 2003 cohort and 88 from the 2013 cohort.METHODS: Data were collected at the start of the programme using a questionnaire consisting of predefined and open-ended questions. The responses were statistically analysed and compared.RESULTS: The students' reasons for wanting to become a registered nurse remained stable over the 10-year period. The main reason stated by the students in both cohort was humanitarian, i. e wanting to help others. The students' expectations regarding both the programme and the nursing profession had, however, changed significantly from a biomedical to a nursing orientation in the 10-year perspective.CONCLUSIONS: The change in the students' preconceptions of the nursing education towards increasing importance of nursing science indicates the beginning of a paradigm shift.
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| 13. |
- Edberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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The shift from a medical to a nursing orientation : a comparison of Swedish nursing students' expectations when entering the nursing degree programme in 2003 and 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 35:9, s. e78-e83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The focus of education in nursing has changed over time with a decreased focus on biomedicine and an increased focus on nursing science. It is therefore important to investigate whether these changes are also reflected in the students' conceptions and expectations of the programme over time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe and compare two cohorts of students entering the nursing programme with 10year in between (2003 and 2013), regarding their demographic background, reasons for wanting to become a registered nurse, expectations of the programme and perceptions of the nursing profession. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional cohort study carried out at a university in southern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: In all, 177 nursing students participated in the study, 89 from the 2003 cohort and 88 from the 2013 cohort. METHODS: Data were collected at the start of the programme using a questionnaire consisting of predefined and open-ended questions. The responses were statistically analysed and compared. RESULTS: The students' reasons for wanting to become a registered nurse remained stable over the 10-year period. The main reason stated by the students in both cohort was humanitarian, i. e wanting to help others. The students' expectations regarding both the programme and the nursing profession had, however, changed significantly from a biomedical to a nursing orientation in the 10-year perspective. CONCLUSIONS: The change in the students' preconceptions of the nursing education towards increasing importance of nursing science indicates the beginning of a paradigm shift.
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| 14. |
- Ejhed, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Enskilda avlopp som källa till läkemedelsrester och andra kemikalier
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige finns cirka 700 000 fastigheter med enskilda avlopp, varav cirka 75 % utgörs av markbaserade anläggningar där det renade avloppsvattnet direkt eller via grundvattnet når ytvattenrecipienter. Syftet med detta projekt har varit: att undersöka om halter av läkemedel och andra kemikalier från enskilda avlopp är detekterbara i en recipient med känd påverkan av enskilda avlopp, att kvantifiera spridning av ett antal substanser av läkemedel från enskilda avlopp samt att undersöka reningseffektivitet i enskilda avlopp avseende läkemedel och andra kemikalier. Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med Södertälje kommun. Provtagning genomfördes i Lillsjön med tillflöden, i Hölö inom Södertälje kommun. Analyser genomfördes av vatten, sediment och biota av ett urval läkemedel- och andra hushållrelaterade kemikalier som perfluoroktansulfonsyra (PFOS) och etylendiamintetraättiksyra (EDTA). Provtagning genomfördes även av läkemedelsubstanser i inkommande och utgående vatten i två markbäddar. I den ena anläggningen tillsattes manuellt (spikades) en känd mängd läkemedelssubstanser och bromid som spårämne. I den andra anläggningen analyserades läkemedelsubstanser som användes av brukarna. Analyser genomfördes även av pH, total fosfor, "biochemical oxygen demand" (BOD) och totalt organiskt kol (TOC) för att kontrollera markbäddarnas funktion. Analyserna av vatten och sediment i Lillsjön uppvisade endast små mängder läkemedelsrester, PFOS och EDTA. Läkemedelsrester påvisades dock i det tillflöde som sammantaget är mest befolkat med enskilda avlopp samt i ett utlopp med utsläpp från Hölö församlingshem, vilket visar att enskilda avlopp bidrar till spridning av läkemedelsrester till miljön. Markbäddarna uppvisade en god reduktion av de femton analyserade läkemedlen och låg generellt sett över den genomsnittliga reduceringsgraden avseende dessa ämnen i fyra stora svenska reningsverk. Undantagen var diklofenak och ketoprofen där reduceringsgraden var betydligt lägre än för de fyra svenska reningsverken. Orsaken tros vara problem att detektera substanserna i ingående avloppsvatten och att reduktionen därmed inte kunde bestämmas på ett rättvisande sätt. Beräkning av total mängd som passerade användare med enskilda avlopp har beräknats baserat på nationell statistik om permanentboende med enskilda avlopp, statistik från Apotekens service avseende försåld mängd och uppmätt reduktion i markbäddarna. Enskilda avlopp står för en betydande del av avloppsflödet i Sverige. Cirka tio gånger större mängder av karbamazepin och diklofenak sprids från enskilda avlopp avseende hela Sverige än från Henriksdals reningsverk i Stockholm. Paracetamol är den substans som står för störst utsläpp enligt beräkningarna, cirka 12 ton år 2010. Reduktion av läkemedelsubstanser i markbaserade anläggningar beror på utformning och skötsel av avloppsanläggningen. God syresättning och lång uppehållstid i markbaserade anläggningar är gynnsamma förutsättningar. Reduktionen sker dock inte i lika hög grad för samtliga substanser och anläggningar som brister i utformningen kan ge utsläpp till vattenmiljön och grundvatten, vilket har noterats i både denna studie och i internationell litteratur. Ytterligare studier behövs för att bestämma om substanserna bryts ner och hur de bryts ner i de enskilda avloppen. Risker med avseende på spridning av läkemedelsrester och andra kemikalier från enskilda avlopp bör undersökas vidare.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Evans Axelsson, Susan, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting free prostate-specific antigen for in vivo imaging of prostate cancer using a monoclonal antibody specific for unique epitopes accessible on free prostate-specific antigen alone
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 27:4, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the feasibility of targeting the free, unbound forms of prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) for in vivo imaging of prostate adenocarcinomas (PCa), as PSA is produced and secreted at abundance during every clinical stage and grade of PCa, including castration-resistant disease. We injected 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody PSA30 (specific for an epitope uniquely accessible on fPSA alone) intravenously in male nude mice carrying subcutaneous xenografts of LNCaP tumors (n=36). Mice were sacrificed over a time course from 4 hours to 13 days after injecting 125I-labeled PSA30. Tissue uptake of 125I-PSA30 at 48 and 168 hours after intravenous injection was compared with two clinically used positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals, 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) or 18F-choline, in cryosections using Digital AutoRadiography (DAR) and also compared with immunohistochemical staining of PSA and histopathology. On DAR, the areas with high 125I-PSA30 uptake corresponded mainly to morphologically intact and PSA-producing LNCaP cells, but did not associate with the areas of high uptake of either 18F-FDG or 18F-choline. Biodistribution of 125I-PSA30 measured in dissected organs ex vivo during 4 to 312 hours after intravenous injection demonstrated maximum selective tumor uptake 24–48 hours after antibody injection. Our data showed selective uptake in vivo of a monoclonal antibody highly specific for fPSA in LNCaP cells. Hence, in vivo imaging of fPSA may be feasible with putative usefulness in disseminated PCa.
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| 17. |
- Franck, Olof, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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What may be learnt in ethics? Varieties of conceptions of ethical competence to be taught in compulsory school
- 2015
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Ingår i: The 5th NoFa-Conference (Nordisk Fagdidaktisk konferens), Helsinki, Finland, 27-29 May.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to present the framework of this newly started project and report some initial findings. Questions about a compulsory school teaching ethics has regained urgency in Sweden since national tests are given in ethics. Every fourth child in grade six and nine are evaluated every year as having/not having approved knowledge of ethics, and one can ask if it is reasonable to be forced to undertake a test assessing your skills in ethics and risk being evaluated as not passing. This raises the question of what constitutes relevant knowledge in this field, a question which to a large extent has been absent in research. The purpose of the project is to identify and elucidate varieties of conceptions of ethical competence and critically analyse and discuss them, in relation to each other and in relation to ethical theory, as potential educational content in compulsory school.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Frånlund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Results from 22 years of Followup in the Göteborg Randomized Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 208:2, s. 292-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:Our goal was to analyze results from 22 years of followup in the Göteborg randomized prostate cancer (PC) screening trial.Materials and Methods:In December 1994, 20,000 men born 1930-1944 were randomly extracted from the Swedish population register and were randomized (1:1) into either a screening group (SG) or to a control group (CG). Men in the SG were repeatedly invited for biennial prostate specific antigen testing up to an average age of 69 years. Main endpoints were PC incidence and mortality (intention-to-screen principle).Results:After 22 years, 1,528 men in the SG and 1,124 men in the CG had been diagnosed with PC. In total, 112 PC deaths occurred in the SG and 158 in the CG. Compared with the CG, the SG showed a PC incidence rate ratio (RR) of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.31-1.53) and a PC mortality RR of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.55-0.91). The 22-year cumulative PC mortality rate was 1.55% (95% CI, 1.29-1.86) in the SG and 2.13% (95% CI, 1.83-2.49) in the CG. Correction for nonattendance (Cuzick method) yielded a RR of PC mortality of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.43-0.80). Number needed to invite and number needed to diagnose was estimated to 221 and 9, respectively. PC death risk was increased in the following groups: nontesting men, men entering the program after age 60 and men with >10 years of followup after screening termination.Conclusions:Prostate specific antigen-based screening substantially decreases PC mortality. However, not attending, starting after age 60 and stopping at age 70 seem to be major pitfalls regarding PC death risk.
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| 20. |
- Gawel, Danuta, et al.
(författare)
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A validated single-cell-based strategy to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in complex diseases
- 2019
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Genomic medicine has paved the way for identifying biomarkers and therapeutically actionable targets for complex diseases, but is complicated by the involvement of thousands of variably expressed genes across multiple cell types. Single-cell RNA-sequencing study (scRNA-seq) allows the characterization of such complex changes in whole organs. Methods: The study is based on applying network tools to organize and analyze scRNA-seq data from a mouse model of arthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis, in order to find diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Diagnostic validation studies were performed using expression profiling data and potential protein biomarkers from prospective clinical studies of 13 diseases. A candidate drug was examined by a treatment study of a mouse model of arthritis, using phenotypic, immunohistochemical, and cellular analyses as read-outs. Results: We performed the first systematic analysis of pathways, potential biomarkers, and drug targets in scRNA-seq data from a complex disease, starting with inflamed joints and lymph nodes from a mouse model of arthritis. We found the involvement of hundreds of pathways, biomarkers, and drug targets that differed greatly between cell types. Analyses of scRNA-seq and GWAS data from human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) supported a similar dispersion of pathogenic mechanisms in different cell types. Thus, systems-level approaches to prioritize biomarkers and drugs are needed. Here, we present a prioritization strategy that is based on constructing network models of disease-associated cell types and interactions using scRNA-seq data from our mouse model of arthritis, as well as human RA, which we term multicellular disease models (MCDMs). We find that the network centrality of MCDM cell types correlates with the enrichment of genes harboring genetic variants associated with RA and thus could potentially be used to prioritize cell types and genes for diagnostics and therapeutics. We validated this hypothesis in a large-scale study of patients with 13 different autoimmune, allergic, infectious, malignant, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as a therapeutic study of the mouse arthritis model. Conclusions: Overall, our results support that our strategy has the potential to help prioritize diagnostic and therapeutic targets in human disease.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hedlund, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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GIFTER & MILJÖ 2017 : Kemikalier i vardagenOm påverkan på yttermiljö och människor
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- vi exponeras för ett stort antal kemikalier i vår vardag och många av dessa sprids vidare till den yttre miljön. Därför har vi valt ”Kemikalier i vardagen” som tema för Gifter och Miljö 2017. Rapporten innehåller ett urval av aktuella resultat från miljöövervakningen av miljögifter – analyser av tidstrender och studier som återspeglar hur läget ser ut idag.fortfarande saknas mycket kunskap om vilka egenskaper hos kemikalier och föroreningar som påverkar människors hälsa och miljön. Därför är riskerna svåra att bedöma och begränsa, men vissa ämnen har välkända negativa effekter på både vår hälsa och miljön. Många kemiska ämnen ingår i till exempel bilar, kläder, plastartiklar och byggnadsmateriel. Hur många okända kemikalier som kommer in i Sverige via importerade varor är okänt och ytterligare ämnen bildas oavsiktligt i industriella processer.naturvårdsverket ansvarar i samarbete med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten församordningen av miljöövervakningen i Sverige och driver det nationella miljöövervakningsprogrammet, som består av tio olika programområden. Naturvårdsverket har ansvar för all övervakning av miljöfarliga ämnen i miljön, inklusive i vatten. I slutet av rapporten beskrivs vilken typ av övervakning som görs inom olika programområden.miljöövervakningen av miljögifter kan svara på vad vi hittar i miljö och människa, hur exponeringen sker och hur utsläppsminskande åtgärder givit effekt. Många kemiska ämnen omfattas. De har olika egenskaper och har släppts ut i miljön under olika lång tid. Gemensamt för alla övervakade ämnen är att de har kunnat misstänkas ha negativa effekter på miljö och människa.
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| 24. |
- Heeman, Emma J., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting emotion regulation in typically developing toddlers : Insights into the joint and unique influences of various contextual predictors
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotion regulation (ER) is a source of risk and resilience for psychological development and everyday functioning. Despite extensive research on various early contextual predictors of child ER capacity, few studies have integrated them into the same study. Therefore, our longitudinal study investigated the joint and independent contributions of several prominent contextual predictors of child ER capacity. We followed typically developing children and their caregivers (N = 118, 47% girls) at three time points (children ages 10, 12, and 18 months). At 10 months, mothers reported household chaos, social support, and parenting stress, and maternal sensitivity was observed and coded with the Ainsworth’s Maternal Sensitivity Scales. At 12 months, child–mother attachment security was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure. Finally, at 18 months, child ER was obtained with a Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery frustration task. Correlational analyses revealed that household chaos and maternal sensitivity were significantly positively associated with child ER. Multiple regression analyses showed independent effects of household chaos and maternal sensitivity on child ER. Our partly counterintuitive results underscore the significance of cumulative risk and protective factors for ER development and suggest that household chaos and maternal sensitivity may contribute uniquely to better ER in typical toddlerhood.
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| 25. |
- Hugosson, Jonas, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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A 16-yr Follow-up of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 76:1, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) has previously demonstrated that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening decreases prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. Objective: To determine whether PSA screening decreases PCa mortality for up to 16 yr and to assess results following adjustment for nonparticipation and the number of screening rounds attended. Design, setting, and participants: This multicentre population-based randomised screening trial was conducted in eight European countries. Report includes 182 160 men, followed up until 2014 (maximum of 16 yr), with a predefined core age group of 162 389 men (55-69 yr), selected from population registry. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The outcome was PCa mortality, also assessed with adjustment for nonparticipation and the number of screening rounds attended. Results and limitations: The rate ratio of PCa mortality was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-0.89, p < 0.001) at 16 yr. The difference in absolute PCa mortality increased from 0.14% at 13 yr to 0.18% at 16 yr. The number of men needed to be invited for screening to prevent one PCa death was 570 at 16 yr compared with 742 at 13 yr. The number needed to diagnose was reduced to 18 from 26 at 13 yr. Men with PCa detected during the first round had a higher prevalence of PSA >20 ng/ml (9.9% compared with 4.1% in the second round, p < 0.001) and higher PCa mortality (hazard ratio = 1.86, p < 0.001) than those detected subsequently. Conclusions: Findings corroborate earlier results that PSA screening significantly reduces PCa mortality, showing larger absolute benefit with longer follow-up and a reduction in excess incidence. Repeated screening may be important to reduce PCa mortality on a population level. Patient summary: In this report, we looked at the outcomes from prostate cancer in a large European population. We found that repeated screening reduces the risk of dying from prostate cancer. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.
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