| 1. |
- Anselm, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Bannlys alla politiska beslut som ger mer klimatutsläpp
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Torftig valdebatt. Dagspolitiken klarar inte att hantera ödesfrågan om klimatet, vilket oroar oss. Vi föreslår därför ett ”utsläppsmoratorium”: inga beslut får tas som ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser. Principen måste kopplas till mål om exempelvis förnybar energi och grön infrastruktur, skriver 23 forskare och debattörer.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Drets, G. A., et al.
(författare)
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Fingerprint Sub-Classification : A Neural Network Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Intelligent Biometric Techniques in Fingerprint and Face Recognition. - Boca Raton : Informa UK Limited. ; , s. 106-134
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The modern era in fingerprint identification began at the end of last century, with Sir Francis Galton and Juan Vucetich, and at the beginning of the present century with Sir Edward Henry. Fingerprints are commonly associated with law enforcement applications, like criminal identification, but recently their application has been extended to more popular areas, such as access control, driver license applications, and bank transactions. Due to the great variety of fingerprint patterns, the application of Henry’s definitions of core and delta, stated previously, is not straightforward. The FBI proposes more specialized rules for locating the SPs in different archetypes of fingerprints. Human fingerprints are the most widespread mean of person identification. The use of fingerprints in law enforcement applications deals with large databases, so classification aids to narrow the search space for further matching stage. The process of counting ridges between singular points core and delta is the basis for fingerprint subclassification.
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| 5. |
- Eckerberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Varför brister politikerna när det gäller miljömålen?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad ska vi svara? Politikernas ambitiösa miljömål uppfylls sällan eller aldrig. När våra elever frågar oss varför blir vi ofta svaret skyldiga. Om politikerna inte vill att väljarna ska dra slutsatsen att de har misslyckats, måste de ange en realistisk väg att nå de uppsatta målen. Det skulle väcka respekt, skriver ledande forskare och samhällsplanerare.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ekenberg, Love, et al.
(författare)
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Deliberation, representation, equity : research approaches, tools and algorithms for participatory processes
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What can we learn about the development of public interaction in e-democracy from a drama delivered by mobile headphones to an audience standing around a shopping center in a Stockholm suburb? In democratic societies there is widespread acknowledgment of the need to incorporate citizens' input in decision-making processes in more or less structured ways. But participatory decision making is balancing on the borders of inclusion, structure, precision and accuracy. To simply enable more participation will not yield enhanced democracy, and there is a clear need for more elaborated elicitation and decision analytical tools. This rigorous and thought-provoking volume draws on a stimulating variety of international case studies, from flood risk management in the Red River Delta of Vietnam, to the consideration of alternatives to gold mining in Ro?ia Montana in Transylvania, to the application of multi-criteria decision analysis in evaluating the impact of e-learning opportunities at Uganda's Makerere University. Editors Love Ekenberg (senior research scholar, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA], Laxenburg, professor of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University), Karin Hansson (artist and research fellow, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University), Mats Danielson (vice president and professor of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, affiliate researcher, IIASA) and Göran Cars (professor of Societal Planning and Environment, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm) draw innovative collaborations between mathematics, social science, and the arts. They develop new problem formulations and solutions, with the aim of carrying decisions from agenda setting and problem awareness through to feasible courses of action by setting objectives, alternative generation, consequence assessments, and trade-off clarifications. As a result, this book is important new reading for decision makers in government, public administration and urban planning, as well as students and researchers in the fields of participatory democracy, urban planning, social policy, communication design, participatory art, decision theory, risk analysis and computer and systems sciences.
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| 8. |
- Hammerstein, Peter, 1971-
(författare)
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Stochastic Resonance and Noise-Assisted Signal Transfer : On Coupling Effects of Stochastic Resonators and Spectral Optimization of Fluctuations in Random Network Switches
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research shows that noise or random fluctuations must not always be destructive in Nature by degrading system performance. On the contrary, in nonlinear systems they can synchronize systems or enhance the quality of signal transmission. The latter possibility is reported in the thesis.The phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR) is presented and illustrated by an example of a ferromagnetically coupled spin chain, described by the Glauber's stochastic Ising spin model. It is demonstrated that an optimal strength of the next-neighbor interaction is able to improve the SR-effect. A similar mechanism has further been studied on the stochastic nonlinear dynamics of a ferromagnetic stripe domain in an inhomogeneous thin film. SR and its dependence on the domain stiffness, which is due to the exchange interaction, are presented. Experimental parameters for potential verification on Bi-doped epitaxial garnet-ferrite films are proposed. Further-on, a nonlinear model of a junction in neuronal and road structures is studied using various types of noise (stochastic processes) to generate the incoming traffic. It is shown that random fluctuations are able to enhance signal transmission, whereby the zero crossings of colored (1/fk) Gaussian noise is superior to Poissonian noise and, in certain cases, to deterministic, periodic traffic too. Optimal traffic for k ≈ 1 has been found. In case of Gaussian 1/fk noise modulated periodic input, noise-assisted traffic can be observed as well and demonstrate how random fluctuations can enhance the signal traffic efficiency in a network. The effect of an optimal k has finally been applied to a data package network switch, whereby a stochastic data scheduling algorithm is proposed and investigated numerically and analytically.
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| 9. |
- Hassannejad, Nazir Azadeh, et al.
(författare)
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A Cortical Network Model for Cognitive and Emotional Influences in Human Decision Making.
- 2015
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Ingår i: BioSystems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0303-2647 .- 1872-8324. ; 136, s. 128-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision making (DM)[1] is a complex process that appears to involve several brain structures. In particular, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) seem to be essential in human decision making, where both emotional and cognitive aspects are taken into account. In this paper, we present a computational network model representing the neural information processing of DM, from perception to behavior. We model the population dynamics of the three neural structures (amygdala, OFC and LPFC), as well as their interaction. In our model, the neurodynamic activity of amygdala and OFC represents the neural correlates of secondary emotion, while the activity of certain neural populations in OFC alone, represent the outcome expectancy of different options. The cognitive/rational aspect of DM is associated with LPFC. Our model is intended to give insights on the emotional and cognitive processes involved in DM under various internal and external contexts. Different options for actions are represented by the oscillatory activity of cell assemblies, which may change due to experience and learning. Knowledge and experience of the outcome of our decisions and actions can eventually result in changes in our neural structures, attitudes and behaviors. Simulation results may have implications for how we make decisions for our individual actions, as well as for societal choices, where we take examples from transport and its impact on CO2 emissions and climate change. [1] Decision making is abbreviated as DM throughout the text
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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A biologically inspired model for pattern recognition
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. - 1673-1581 .- 1862-1783. ; 11, s. 115-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a novel bionic model and its performance in pattern recognition are presented and discussed. The model is constructed from a bulb model and a three-layered cortical model, mimicking the main features of the olfactory system. The olfactory bulb and cortex models are connected by feedforward and feedback fibers with distributed delays. The Breast Cancer Wisconsin dataset consisting of data from 683 patients divided into benign and malignant classes is used to demonstrate the capacity of the model to learn and recognize patterns, even when these are deformed versions of the originally learned patterns. The performance of the novel model was compared with three artificial neural networks (ANNs), a back-propagation network, a support vector machine classifier, and a radial basis function classifier. All the ANNs and the olfactory bionic model were tested in a benchmark study of a standard dataset. Experimental results show that the bionic olfactory system model can learn and classify patterns based on a small training set and a few learning trials to reflect biological intelligence to some extent
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Att fatta beslut, av fri vilja
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fri vilja och mänskligt ansvar. - 9789189139602 ; , s. 123-156
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 14. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Attention Modulation of Sensory Systems
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention and arousal seems to enhance the efficiency of neural information processing. We use computer simulations of various sensory systems in order to investigate how the neurodynamics of these systems can be modulated for optimal performance in an unknown and changing environment. Using an inter-scale model of the insect antennal lobe, we demonstrate how attention modulation can change the sensitivity for sex pheromones. We also study how neural oscillations in mammalian olfactory cortex can serve to amplify weak signals and sustain an input pattern for more accurate information processing, and how chaotic-like behaviour could increase the sensitivity in initial, exploratory states. Finally, we use a neural network model of visual cortex area V4, in order to investigate potential cellular and network mechanisms for visual attention, reproducing experimental findings of attention induced gamma-frequency synchronization
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| 15. |
- Liljenström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Background survey
- 2016
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Ingår i: Towards a fossil-free society in the Stockhol-Mälar region. - 9789197604840 ; , s. 12-92
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Connecting urban and regional socio-ecological transitions: Paths to a non fossil society in the Swedish Stockholm-Malar area
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7058. ; 198, s. 1036-1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The embedding of cities in a wider regional frame is central for long term planning regarding the transformation of such parts of society. This holds especially true for urban centers of national or sub national status. In this presentation we are drawing on 4 years of research work and stakeholder consultations in the Swedish part of the EU COMPLEX project dealing with the transition to non fossil societies. In our presentation the regional multi layered governance which encompasses both a large (the Swedish capital) city and its surrounding region with an archipelago of larger and smaller towns is at the heart of the presentation. Our core interest is in the transition to sustainable and resilient urban futures. Especially we are drawing on the experiences from the Swedish case in the EU project COMPLEX.Method: We are relying both on stakeholder consultations with regard to long term planning as well as on specific regional modelling efforts covering specific features as municipality planning, economic regional analysis, land use studies and cognitive analysis regarding decision making by individuals,Results: We have focused on the systemic interactions of many different kinds covering long term developments (up to 2050). Our focus is to analyze features of the transition process of our urban-region at large and the connected decision making features e.g. in terms of scenario elaborations.Discussion: We highlight the differences of opinions among a wide range of stakeholders with regard to their understanding of the issues, their ideological positioning about core matters of concerns and the various positions about appropriate paths for reaching the goals of the transition to a non-fossil urban-super region situation in our chosen case area. (c) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 18. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Consciousness, decision making, and volition: freedom beyond chance and necessity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Theorie in den Biowissenschaften / Theory in Biosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-7613 .- 1611-7530. ; 141, s. 125-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is the role of consciousness in volition and decision-making? Are our actions fully determined by brain activity preceding our decisions to act, or can consciousness instead affect the brain activity leading to action? This has been much debated in philosophy, but also in science since the famous experiments by Libet in the 1980s, where the current most common interpretation is that conscious free will is an illusion. It seems that the brain knows, up to several seconds in advance what "you" decide to do. These studies have, however, been criticized, and alternative interpretations of the experiments can be given, some of which are discussed in this paper. In an attempt to elucidate the processes involved in decision-making (DM), as an essential part of volition, we have developed a computational model of relevant brain structures and their neurodynamics. While DM is a complex process, we have particularly focused on the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) for its emotional, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) for its cognitive aspects. In this paper, we present a stochastic population model representing the neural information processing of DM. Simulation results seem to confirm the notion that if decisions have to be made fast, emotional processes and aspects dominate, while rational processes are more time consuming and may result in a delayed decision. Finally, some limitations of current science and computational modeling will be discussed, hinting at a future development of science, where consciousness and free will may add to chance and necessity as explanation for what happens in the world.
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| 19. |
- Liljenström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Decisions and Downward Causation in Neural Systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics (V). - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811002052 ; :5, s. 161-167
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For any complex system, consisting of several organizational levels, the problem of causation is profound. Usually, science considers upward causation as fundamental, paying less or no attention to any downward causation. This is also true for the nervous system, where cortical neurodynamics and higher mental functions are normally considered causally dependent on the nerve cell activity, or even the activity at the ion channel level. This study presents a computational approach to decision making (DM) and downward causation in cortical neural systems. We have developed models of paleo- and neocortical structures, in order to study their mesoscopic neurodynamics, as a link between the microscopic neuronal and macroscopic mental events and processes. We demonstrate how complex neurodynamics may play a role for the functions of cortical structures. While microscopic random noise may trigger meso- or macroscopic states, the nonlinear dynamics at these levels may also affect the activity at the microscopic level.
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| 20. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Dialog - en väg till ökad förståelse?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bortom tro och vetande - tankar från en dialog. - 9789173313582 ; , s. 96-126
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Editorial Introduction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Consciousness Studies. - 1355-8250. ; 25, s. 8-12
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Evolving complexity, cognition, and consciousness
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science and Culture Series - Astrophysics. ; , s. 171-188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- All through the history of the universe there is an apparent tendency for increasing complexity, with the organization of matter in evermore elaborate and interactive systems. The living world in general, and the human brain in particular, provides the highest complexity known. It seems obvious that all of this complexity must be the result of physical, chemical and biological evolution, but it was only with Darwin that we began to get a scientific understanding of biological evolution. Darwinian principles are guiding in our understanding of such complex systems as the nervous system, but also for the evolution of human society and technology. Living organisms have to survive in a complex and changing environment. This implies response and adaption to environmental events and changes at several time scales. The interaction with the environment depends on the present state of the organism, as well as on previous experiences stored in its molecular and cellular structures. At a longer time scale, organisms can adapt to slow environmental changes, by storing information in the genetic material carried over from generation to generation. This phylogenetic learning is complemented by ontogenetic learning, which is adaptation at a shorter time scale, occuring in non -genetic structures. The evolution of a nervous system is a major transition in biological evolution and allows for an increasing capacity for information storage and processing, increasing chances of survival. Such neural knowledge processing, cognition, shows the same principal features as non neural adaptive processes. Similarly, consciousness might appear, to different degrees, at different stages in evolution. Both cognition and consciousness depends critically on the organization and complexity of the organism. In this presentation, I will briefly discuss general principles for evolution of complexity, focussing on the evolution of the nervous system, which provides organisms with ever increasing capacity for complex behaviour, cognition and consciousness. I will also discuss some computational approaches, as tools for understanding relations between structure, dynamics and function of the nervous system.
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| 23. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Free Will and Spatiotemporal Neurodynamics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in cognitive neurodynamics. - 2213-3569. ; 4, s. 521-527
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely assumed that neuroscience has proved that conscious will is an illusion. Indeed, a number of experimental results seem to indicate that conscious will is not causally related to the willed action, i.e. epiphenomenal. There are, however, alternative ways of interpreting the results that these conclusions are based on, and this paper examines the scientific arguments and experiments regarding conscious will. We argue that there is, as yet, no empirical support for epiphenomenal conscious will, and that the alternative hypothesis, that conscious will is causative, is also consistent with experimental data. We also use computational models and simulations to demonstrate that local neural impulses may trigger global oscillatory activity after a substantial delay period, supporting the idea that intentional impulses may be part of a conscious will experience.
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| 24. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Freeman Neurodynamics The Past 25 Years
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Consciousness Studies. - 1355-8250. ; 25, s. 13-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walter Freeman established a unique approach for interpreting brain processes, perception, cognition, and intentionality. Freeman's neurodynamics approach evokes the concepts of mass action and synchrony in neural populations, and even today is far ahead of the field of dynamical systems in hierarchical brain models. He summarized the essence of his views on the physiology of perception in a landmark paper on the pages of Scientific American in 1991. He spelled out the main components of his neurodynamics theory in that essay, which became a classic in brain theory and cognition. His approach has been hailed by many and attracted a large number of scientists all over the world. At the same time there were fellow scientists who objected to Freeman's approach and dismissed its basic tenets. This love or hate relationship followed Freeman until his death in his home in Berkeley, on 24 April 2016. In the present contribution we review the progress of Freeman's theory of neurodynamics over the past 25 years. We describe his work in light of new developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to brain dynamics, establishing new directions in computational neuroscience, cognitive monitoring, computational and mathematical modelling, field theories of cognition and intelligence, and his quest towards inventing novel engineering applications.
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| 25. |
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