| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Elin, 1983-
(författare)
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Enahanda läsning : En queer tolkning av romancegenren
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis investigates popular romance, a mass-cultural genre with a large female audience. Popular romance is often considered ”lowbrow” and is referred to by terms such as ”porn” and ”garbage”. The female reader of this so called “sentimental trash” is often portrayed as naïve and unworldly. The thesis makes this derogatory view of the genre its point of departure, to investigate what cultural understandings of gender and sexuality the critique against popular romance entails. The thesis further investigates how these conceptions of gender and sexuality deviate from and challenge a culturally promoted and normative sexuality.The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter describes the selection of the empirical material and the theoretical and methodological framework. The empirical material consists of the three novels in the popular series Fifty Shades of Grey and the four novels and five films in the popular series Twilight. The thesis places itself within the field of feminist cultural studies and queer theory. It makes use of the concept of masturbation (both literal and figurative) as an analytical entry point and as a method focusing on the “here and now” of romance reading.The second chapter contextualizes the study by defining the term “popular romance” and by providing a brief historical overview of the genre. Previous research on popular romance is presented and discussed in relation to the derogatory view of the genre.The third chapter studies the Swedish media commentaries on Fifty Shades of Grey and Twilight to define how the rejected romance reader is conceptualized, and how this romance reader is presumed to be reading. This “romance reader” is thereafter discussed in relation to the Western historical discourse on masturbation, “female illness” and (women’s) private reading. The chapter closes with a discussion on the form of reading that the romance reader is associated with. This self-immersed, excessive and over-invested reading form is defined as “masturbatory”.The fourth chapter explores the act of romance reading when defined as a sexual activity. The romance community is compared to the “second wave” feminism of the 1970s in order to demonstrate how the genre establishes a separatist female community where relations, positions, and identifications are in motion, revealing both homoerotic and autoerotic elements to this homosocial context.In the fifth chapter, a close reading of the material is performed with a focus on the “here and now” of the reading situation. The dichotomy of desiring subject and desired object is problematized in relation to looks and gaze. The thesis argues that the romance text uses detailed and intimate descriptions to instill a sexual charge and to freeze the flow of the storyline in order to make room for constant erotic contemplation. These “frozen moments” and the repetitiveness of the genre are discussed in relation to theories of queer temporality. The romance text constructs a room “outside of time” that privileges the overwhelming pleasures of the “here and now”. This liminal room is not only available for the heroine and hero of the story, but for the romance reader as well.The sixth and final chapter ties together the main arguments of the thesis in an overarching discussion on how conceiving romance reading as a form of masturbation challenges previous research on popular romance and the gendering of and contempt for mass culture.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 40:11, s. 2265-2278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6-7% over the current levels with a 1 degrees C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.
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| 4. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Publisher Correction to : Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome (vol 40, pg 2265, 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 41:8, s. 1653-1654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The above mentioned article was originally scheduled for publication in the special issue on Ecology of Tundra Arthropods with guest editors Toke T. Hoye . Lauren E. Culler. Erroneously, the article was published in Polar Biology, Volume 40, Issue 11, November, 2017. The publisher sincerely apologizes to the guest editors and the authors for the inconvenience caused.
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| 5. |
- Blume-Werry, Gesche, et al.
(författare)
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Proportion of fine roots, but not plant biomass allocation below ground, increases with elevation in arctic tundra
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - : Wiley. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 29:2, s. 226-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questions: Roots represent a considerable proportion of biomass, primary production and litter input in arctic tundra, and plant allocation of biomass to above- or below-ground tissue in response to climate change is a key factor in the future C balance of these ecosystems. According to optimality theory plants allocate C to the above- or below-ground structure that captures the most limiting resource. We used an elevational gradient to test this theory and as a space-for-time substitution to inform on tundra carbon allocation patterns under a shifting climate, by exploring if increasing elevation was positively related to the root:shoot ratio, as well as a larger plant allocation to adsorptive over storage roots.Location: Arctic tundra heath dominated by Empetrum hermaphroditum close to Abisko, Sweden.Methods: We measured root:shoot and fine:coarse root ratios of the plant communities along an elevational gradient by sampling above- and below-ground biomass, further separating root biomass into fine (<1 mm) and coarse roots.Results: Plant biomass was higher at the lower elevations, but the root:shoot ratio did not vary with elevation. Resource allocation to fine relative to coarse roots increased with elevation, resulting in a fine:coarse root ratio that more than doubled with increasing elevation.Conclusions: Contrary to previous works, the root:shoot ratio along this elevational gradient remained stable. However, communities along our study system were dominated by the same species at each elevation, which suggests that when changes in the root:shoot ratio occur with elevation these changes may be driven by differences in allocation patterns among species and thus turnover in plant community structure. Our results further reveal that the allocation of biomass to fine relative to coarse roots can differ between locations along an elevational gradient, even when overall above- vs below-ground biomass allocation does not. Given the functionally different roles of fine vs coarse roots this could have large implications for below-ground C cycling. Our results highlight the importance of direct effects vs indirect effects (such as changes in plant community composition and nutrient availability) of climate change for future C allocation above and below ground.
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| 6. |
- Bommenel, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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När historiska händelser får samtidens uppmärksamhet - historikerns roll och relationer till brukare och journalister
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Då och då uppmärksammar massmedia så kallade historiska skandaler såsom sterilisering, vanvård inom den sociala barnavården, höga dödstal på sinnessjukhus eller behandling av minoritetsbefolkningar. Sådan massmedial uppmärksamhet bidrar ibland till diskussioner i nutida samhällsdebatt om välfärdsstatens roll, om svek till individer i utsatta positioner och om vägar till upprättelse.I sådana sammanhang kan historiker bidra med kunskap och perspektiv, och i den rollen har historiker ofta kontakt med journalister och brukare vilket kan vara berikande men också utmanande. Utmaningarna kan handla om att nå ut och nå fram med reflektioner om komplexa skeenden, om förändrade samhälleliga värderingar, strukturer och synsätt som kan bidra till förklaringar av det som med dagens blick tycks obegripligt. Frågan är hur relevant detta upplevs i en kontext där individer söker svar på varför livet blev som det blev och journalister (ibland) söker säljande scoop.Utifrån egna erfarenheter som historiker som forskar om frågor som får utrymme i dagens samhällsdebatt vill vi i detta rundabordssamtal diskutera historikerns roll och relationer till brukare och journalister. Våra erfarenheter rymmer både engagerade brukare som vill använda forskning som ett argument i en upprättelseprocess till brukare som inte vill medverka i forskning överhuvudtaget. Vi har upplevt journalister som medvetet bortser från den forskning vi redovisar till ambitiösa journalister som stämmer av resultat och formuleringar.Vi har mycket att vinna på goda relationer mellan historiker, brukare och journalister – men hur skapar vi dessa? Hur når vi ut med vår forskning? Hur kan historiker bidra i samtida diskussioner? Hur behåller vi vår professionella integritet i samarbete med brukare? Hur hanterar vi massmedia när vår kunskap åsidosätts? Dessa frågor vill vi diskutera utifrån erfarenheter bland nordiska historiker.
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| 7. |
- Brönnimann, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking Pre-1850 Instrumental Meteorological Records : A Global Inventory
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 100:12, s. ES389-ES413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instrumental meteorological measurements from periods prior to the start of national weather services are designated early instrumental data. They have played an important role in climate research as they allow daily to decadal variability and changes of temperature, pressure, and precipitation, including extremes, to be addressed. Early instrumental data can also help place twenty-first century climatic changes into a historical context such as defining preindustrial climate and its variability. Until recently, the focus was on long, high-quality series, while the large number of shorter series (which together also cover long periods) received little to no attention. The shift in climate and climate impact research from mean climate characteristics toward weather variability and extremes, as well as the success of historical reanalyses that make use of short series, generates a need for locating and exploring further early instrumental measurements. However, information on early instrumental series has never been electronically compiled on a global scale. Here we attempt a worldwide compilation of metadata on early instrumental meteorological records prior to 1850 (1890 for Africa and the Arctic). Our global inventory comprises information on several thousand records, about half of which have not yet been digitized (not even as monthly means), and only approximately 20% of which have made it to global repositories. The inventory will help to prioritize data rescue efforts and can be used to analyze the potential feasibility of historical weather data products. The inventory will be maintained as a living document and is a first, critical, step toward the systematic rescue and reevaluation of these highly valuable early records. Additions to the inventory are welcome.
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| 8. |
- Davies, Roy, et al.
(författare)
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Three applications of virtual reality for brain injury rehabilitation of daily tasks
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality & Associated Technologies. - 0704911434 ; , s. 93-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Part of the process of rehabilitation after a brain injury is the relearning of various daily tasks such as preparing food, managing finances, getting from one place to another and so forth. These tasks require learning on all levels from physical to cognitive. Remembering a PIN code for a bank card, for example, can become automatic and ‘in the fingers’ after much repetition. However, other tasks require a certain cognitive process, for example, procedures must be followed, quantities estimated, numbers of items remembered or dangerous situations avoided. Even in these cases, repetition of the task many times can help fix the important aspects in the mind. This paper describes three applications of a Virtual Reality based method of rehabilitation which are a part of a larger project to investigate the potential and pitfalls of Virtual Reality technology as a complement to physical training in Brain Injury Rehabilitation. Virtual Reality has the advantage of providing a safe, controlled and highly repeatable environment that a patient can experience in a relaxed manner before having to encounter the potentially dangerous or stressful real environment. The three applications considered here are: kitchen work, an automatic teller machine (ATM) and finding ones way in a complex environment.
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| 9. |
- Forsell, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression : A randomised controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 221, s. 56-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major depression occurs in 5-10% of pregnancies and is associated with many negative effects for mother and child, yet treatment options are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first published randomised controlled trial on Internet delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy (ICBT) for this group.Objective: To test the efficacy of a pregnancy adapted version of an existing 10-week ICBT-program for depression as well as assessing acceptability and adherence.Design: Randomised controlled trial.Setting: Online and telephone.Population or sample: Self-referred pregnant women (gestational week 10-28 at intake) currently suffering from major depressive disorder.Methods: 42 pregnant women (gestational week 12-28) with major depression were randomised to either treatment as usual (TAU) provided at their antenatal clinic or to ICBT as an add-on to usual care.Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was depressive symptoms measured with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale-self report (MADRS-S). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and measures of anxiety and sleep were used. Credibility, satisfaction, adherence and utilization were also assessed.Results: The ICBT group had significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms post treatment (p < 0.001, Hedges g = 1.21) and were more likely to be responders (i.e. achieve a statistically reliable improvement) (RR = 0.36; p = 0.004). Measures of treatment credibility, satisfaction, utilization, and adherence were comparable to implemented ICBT for depression.Limitations: Small sample size and no long-term evaluation.Conclusion: Pregnancy adapted ICBT for antenatal depression is feasible, acceptable and efficacious. These results need to be replicated in larger trials to validate these promising findings.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-22 produced by alveolar macrophages during activation of the innate immune response
- 2013
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Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1023-3830 .- 1420-908X. ; 62:6, s. 561-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective and design Interleukin (IL)-22 is important for mucosal host defense. Whereas previous studies focus on lymphocytes as sources of IL-22, we determined whether IL-22 is produced by inflammatory cells in the lungs other than T-lymphocytes during the activation of the innate immune response. Material, methods and treatment Inflammatory cells in the lungs of Balb/c mice were primed by endotoxin (LPS, 10 μg) or peptidoglycan (PG, 40 μg) intranasally (3 days). After CD3 + cell depletion, lung homogenates were re-stimulated 24 h with LPS (100 ng/ml), PG (10 μg/ml), IL-23 (100 ng/ml) or vehicle. Human BAL macrophages were stimulated 24 h with PG (50 μg/ml) and IL-23 (100 ng/ml) or vehicle. The release of IL-22 was measured with ELISA and intracellular IL-22 with immunostaining. For statistics, either Dunnett or Students t test method was employed (n = 3–8). Results Re-stimulation in vitro increased concentrations of mouse IL-22 protein irrespective of priming in vivo. A majority of macrophages in mouse lung and BAL samples displayed immunostaining for IL-22. In analogy, human BAL macrophages released IL-22 protein, and a third of these cells displayed immunostaining for IL-22. Conclusions Alveolar macrophages can produce and release IL-22 during the activation of the innate immune response and thereby constitute a potentially important regulator of mucosal host defence in the lungs.
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| 11. |
- Henningsson, Louise, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-17A during local and systemic Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis in mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - 1098-5522. ; 78:9, s. 3783-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus is one of the dominant pathogens that induce septic arthritis in immunocompromised hosts, e.g., patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis treated with immunosuppressive drugs. S. aureus-induced arthritis leads to severe joint destruction and high mortality despite antibiotic treatment. Recently, interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been discovered to be an important mediator of aseptic arthritis both in mice and humans, but its function in S. aureus-induced arthritis is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of IL-17A in host defense against arthritis following systemic and local S. aureus infection in vivo. IL-17A knockout mice and wild-type mice were inoculated systemically (intravenously) or locally (intra-articularly) with S. aureus. During systemic infection, IL-17A knockout mice lost significantly more weight than the wild-type mice did, but no differences were found in the mortality rate. The absence of IL-17A had no impact on clinical arthritis development but led to increased histopathological erosivity late during systemic S. aureus infection. Bacterial clearance in kidneys was increased in IL-17A knockout mice compared to the level in wild-type mice only 1 day after bacterial inoculation. During systemic S. aureus infection, serum IL-17F protein levels and mRNA levels in the lymph nodes were elevated in the IL-17A knockout mice compared to the level in wild-type mice. In contrast to systemic infection, the IL-17A knockout mice had increased synovitis and erosions and locally decreased clearance of bacteria 3 days after local bacterial inoculation. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that IL-17A is more important in local host defense than in systemic host defense against S. aureus-induced arthritis.
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| 12. |
- Heyman Lindén, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Lingonberries alter the gut microbiota and prevent low-grade inflammation in high-fat diet fed mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of obesity and obesity-associated impairments such as low-grade inflammation. Lingonberries have been shown to prevent diet-induced obesity and low-grade inflammation. However, it is not known whether the effect of lingonberry supplementation is related to modifications of the gut microbiota. The aim of the present study was to describe whether consumption of different batches of lingonberries alters the composition of the gut microbiota, which could be relevant for the protective effect against high fat (HF)-induced metabolic alterations. Methods: Three groups of C57BL/6J mice were fed HF diet with or without a supplement of 20% lingonberries from two different batches (Lingon1 and Lingon2) during 11 weeks. The composition and functionality of the cecal microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and PICRUSt. In addition, parameters related to obesity, insulin sensitivity, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and gut barrier function were examined. Results: HF-induced obesity was only prevented by the Lingon1 diet, whereas both batches of lingonberries reduced plasma levels of markers of inflammation and endotoxemia (SAA and LBP) as well as modified the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota, compared to the HF control group. The relative abundance of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium, genera associated with healthy gut mucosa and antiinflammation, was found to increase in response to lingonberry intake. Conclusions: Our results show that supplementation with lingonberries to an HF diet prevents low-grade inflammation and is associated with significant changes of the microbiota composition. Notably, the antiinflammatory properties of lingonberries seem to be independent of effects on body weight gain.
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| 13. |
- Lindén, Anna-Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Vardagens aktörer och deras hushåll
- 2011
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Ingår i: SAMMANVÄVT. Det goda livet i vardagsforskningen. En vänbok till Kajsa Ellegård.. - 9789173932318 ; , s. 28-39
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kan kunskap om människors vardagliga aktiviteter användas för att nå närmare målet om minskad energiförbrukning i hushållssektorn? (Kajsa Ellegård: Hushåll, energi och vardagliga aktiviteter, I J Palm & K Ellegård (red), Energi och IT. Carlssons, Stockholm, 2008, s.141-171) Inom ramen för den frågeställning Kajsa Ellegård ställer sig finns två grundläggande definitionsproblem man måste ta ställning till innan man ger sig i kast med forskningen, nämligen aktörsperspektivet som en makro eller mikrofråga och variabeln hushåll i stället för familj. I sin forskning kring energianvändning väljer Kajsa vardagslivet i hemmet som sitt perspektiv och aktiviteter i hushållet som sin analysenhet, dvs. mikroperspektivet på aktiviteter i den grupp individer som lever i samma bostad och är ekonomiskt ansvariga för de aktiviteter som försiggår där. Tillsammans med Kajsa har jag under ett antal år samarbetat i forskningsprojekt kring energieffektivisering i vardagen inom bostadssektorn. Min forskningsfråga har varit formulerad ur ett annat perspektiv på i grunden samma vardagliga aktiviteter, nämligen hur medvetna är hushållsmedlemmar om sin energikonsumtion, vilken kunskap och vilka attityder har man kring sitt energibeteende och med vilka typer av styrmedel kan man öka potentialerna för energieffektivisering i bostaden, dvs. ett aggregerat makroperspektiv på individers aktiviteter. Den kunskap de båda perspektiven ger behövs för att förstå vardagen, men också för att i samhälleliga processer påverka och förändra kunskap, värderingar och beteende kring användningen av energi som ändlig resurs. Jag vill belysa detta genom att närmare diskutera valet av undersökningsenhet, dvs. hushåll och valet av forskningsperspektiv aktörer i mikro- eller makrosammanhang.
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| 14. |
- Lindén, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Circum-Arctic distribution of chemical anti-herbivore compounds suggests biome-wide trade-off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top–down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non-resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the circum-Arctic variation in defence compounds is explained by taxa or defence functional groups (resinous/non-resinous). We measured circum-Arctic chemical defence and leaf digestibility in resinous (Betula glandulosa, B. nana ssp. exilis) and non-resinous (B. nana ssp. nana, B. pumila) shrub birches to see how they vary among and within taxa and functional groups. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomic analyses and in vitro leaf digestibility via incubation in cattle rumen fluid, we analysed defence composition and leaf digestibility in 128 samples from 44 tundra locations.We found biogeographical patterns in anti-herbivore defence where mean leaf triterpene concentrations and twig resin gland density were greater in resinous taxa and mean concentrations of condensing tannins were greater in non-resinous taxa. This indicates a biome-wide trade-off between triterpene- or tannin-dominated defences. However, we also found variations in chemical defence composition and resin gland density both within and among functional groups (resinous/non-resinous) and taxa, suggesting these categorisations only partly predict chemical herbivore defence. Complex tannins were the only defence compounds negatively related to in vitro digestibility, identifying this previously neglected tannin group as having a potential key role in birch anti-herbivore defence.We conclude that circum-Arctic variation in birch anti-herbivore defence can be partly derived from biogeographical distributions of birch taxa, although our detailed mapping of plant defence provides more information on this variation and can be used for better predictions of herbivore effects on Arctic vegetation.
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| 15. |
- Lindén, Elin, 1989-
(författare)
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Circumpolar impacts of herbivores on Arctic tundra vegetation
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arctic tundra vegetation provides many ecological services that have implications for the global climate. However, the tundra biome is currently changing in response to increasing temperatures. Herbivores may mitigate some of these responses to warming through their impact on Arctic vegetation. Understanding plant-herbivore interactions is therefore crucial to make better predictions of future Arctic vegetation changes and possible ecological consequences. Most current knowledge on plant-herbivore-interactions in the Arctic comes from local studies that do not allow for large-scale generalisations due to non-comparable methods. Also, existing large-scale studies of herbivory do not cover the tundra biome in a representative way. In this thesis, I used standardised methodology in biome-wide sampling across the Arctic tundra, to uncover how plant-herbivore interactions shape circumpolar vegetation patterns. I have identified clear biogeographic patterns in plant chemical defence against herbivores that could influence the capacity of herbivores to control warming-driven increases of birch shrubs. I also found that herbivores counteract many effects of climate change on tundra vegetation by reducing vegetation greenness (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), vegetation density and shrub abundance and thereby mitigate vegetation responses to climate warming. Herbivores also increase species richness across the Arctic by supressing dominant species but not by increasing light availability. In a detailed study, I show that the effects of large and small herbivores are similar between continents although they vary with habitat type. This thesis advances our understanding of top-down control of herbivores on tundra vegetation and provides important tools to better predict future Arctic vegetation changes.
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| 16. |
- Lindén, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Large and small herbivores have strong effects on tundra vegetation in Scandinavia and Alaska
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 11:17, s. 12141-12152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large and small mammalian herbivores are present in most vegetated areas in the Arctic and often have large impacts on plant community composition and ecosystem functioning. The relative importance of different herbivores and especially how their specific impact on the vegetation varies across the Arctic is however poorly understood. Here, we investigate how large and small herbivores influence vegetation density and plant community composition in four arctic vegetation types in Scandinavia and Alaska. We used a unique set of exclosures, excluding only large (reindeer and muskoxen) or all mammalian herbivores (also voles and lemmings) for at least 20 years. We found that mammalian herbivores in general decreased leaf area index, NDVI, and abundance of vascular plants in all four locations, even though the strength of the effect and which herbivore type caused these effects differed across locations. In three locations, herbivore presence caused contrasting plant communities, but not in the location with lowest productivity. Large herbivores had a negative effect on plant height, whereas small mammalian herbivores increased species diversity by decreasing dominance of the initially dominating plant species. Above- or belowground disturbances caused by herbivores were found to play an important role in shaping the vegetation in all locations. Synthesis: Based on these results, we conclude that both small and large mammalian herbivores influence vegetation in Scandinavia and Alaska in a similar way, some of which can mitigate effects of climate change. We also see important differences across locations, but these depend rather on local herbivore and plant community composition than large biogeographical differences among continents.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Markstedt, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Hur upplever gravida och deras partners Covid-19 pandemin?
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att bli gravid och föda barn är livsomvälvande händelser. I arbetet med att förhindra smittspridningen har restriktioner införts på mödravårdscentraler och sjukhus, och för de många gravida har detta inneburit att mödrar inte fått ha med sig partners till ultraljud eller andra vårdbesök, att föräldra- och förlossningskurser ställts in, att partners med förkylningssymtom inte fått delta vid förlossning och att partnern på vissa sjukhus inte fått följa med till BB efter förlossningen. Med denna vetskap kan vi anta att gravida mödrar och deras partners är mer oroliga för coronaviruset, tänker oftare på det och dess konsekvenser, samt upplever sig mer påverkade av pandemin än den genomsnittlige individen. I den här rapporten visar vi hur utsatta de gravida och deras partners upplever att de är under pandemin och hur deras upplevelser ser ut i jämförelse med andra gruppers upplevda utsatthet. Till vår hjälp har vi resultat från SOM-undersökningen om coronaviruset 2020 samt Graviditetspanelen, som genomförs inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet Gothenburg Research Program on Pregnancy and Politics (PregDem)
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| 20. |
- Naepflin, Kathrin, et al.
(författare)
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Genomics of host-pathogen interactions: challenges and opportunities across ecological and spatiotemporal scales
- 2019
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionary genomics has recently entered a new era in the study of host-pathogen interactions. A variety of novel genomic techniques has transformed the identification, detection and classification of both hosts and pathogens, allowing a greater resolution that helps decipher their underlying dynamics and provides novel insights into their environmental context. Nevertheless, many challenges to a general understanding of host-pathogen interactions remain, in particular in the synthesis and integration of concepts and findings across a variety of systems and different spatiotemporal and ecological scales. In this perspective we aim to highlight some of the commonalities and complexities across diverse studies of host-pathogen interactions, with a focus on ecological, spatiotemporal variation, and the choice of genomic methods used. We performed a quantitative review of recent literature to investigate links, patterns and potential tradeoffs between the complexity of genomic, ecological and spatiotemporal scales undertaken in individual host-pathogen studies. We found that the majority of studies used whole genome resolution to address their research objectives across a broad range of ecological scales, especially when focusing on the pathogen side of the interaction. Nevertheless, genomic studies conducted in a complex spatiotemporal context are currently rare in the literature. Because processes of host-pathogen interactions can be understood at multiple scales, from molecular-, cellular-, and physiological-scales to the levels of populations and ecosystems, we conclude that a major obstacle for synthesis across diverse host-pathogen systems is that data are collected on widely diverging scales with different degrees of resolution. This disparity not only hampers effective infrastructural organization of the data but also data granularity and accessibility. Comprehensive metadata deposited in association with genomic data in easily accessible databases will allow greater inference across systems in the future, especially when combined with open data standards and practices. The standardization and comparability of such data will facilitate early detection of emerging infectious diseases as well as studies of the impact of anthropogenic stressors, such as climate change, on disease dynamics in humans and wildlife.
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| 21. |
- Naurin, Elin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Does transition to parenthood affect gender traits? The Effect of Pregnancy on Perceived Female and Male Traits
- 2019
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Ingår i: NJF Congress 2019 Abstract Book.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Gendered identities are strengthened during pregnancy and the early phases of parenthood; women feel more female and men more male. Gendered cultural narratives that further emphasize disparities in parenting roles between the sexes embed this transition period. However, it has been argued that it is the social practice of mothering, rather than the bodily or emotional experience or pregnancy and childbirth, which yield a traditionalizing influence on women’s gender ideologies. There is reason to believe that the effects of pregnancy and childbirth is less apparent in contexts with strong welfare state support for the parents and where gender equality is a societal norm. Methods The data was collected from a subset of the large-scale Swedish Citizen Panel consisting of pregnant respondents or respondents who identify themselves as partners to someone who is pregnant. At two time points, these respondents were asked about the extent to which they have “female” and “male traits”. The methodological approach was to explore pregnancy and childbirth as a process and study respondents over time; to compare pregnant women to partners of pregnant women and to compare pregnant women and partners of pregnant women to individuals in the panel who do not become pregnant during the studied period. Data was analyzed by fixed effects panel regression. Findings Data from 2445 respondents was analyzed. No statistical significant changes in perceived gender traits were found in the respondents’ answers between pre-pregnancy and pregnancy; pregnancy and being having an infant <6 months of age; or being a parent of an infant < 6 months of age and having a child > 6 months of age. With the exception that men expressed that they had somewhat less female traits postpartum (-0.3, p<0.05). Conclusion Self-perceptions of gendered traits are mainly stable over pregnancy and early parenthood in this Swedish sample.
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| 22. |
- Naurin, Elin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Does transition to parenthood affect gender traits? The effect of pregnancy on perceived female and male traits
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Politics and Gender. - 2515-1088 .- 2515-1096. ; 4:1, s. 135-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key messages We study the effect of a gendered life event on changes in gender identity during adulthood. Pregnant women and partners of pregnant women are followed over time, with pre- and post-test measures of gender identity. While pregnancy and childbirth are often seen as reinforcing feminine identity, we expect only small changes in a gender-equal society like Sweden. Results show that gender identity is stable during pregnancy and around childbirth for Swedish women and men.
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| 23. |
- Naurin, Elin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnant under the pressure of a pandemic: a large-scale longitudinal survey before and during the COVID-19 outbreak
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 31:1, s. 7-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background One of the groups that is most vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic is pregnant women. They cannot choose to refrain from care; they and their children are at risk of severe complications related to the virus; and they lose comfort and support as clinics prohibit their partners and as societal restrictions demand isolation from friends and relatives. It is urgent to study how this group is faring during the pandemic and we focus here on their health-related worries. Methods A longitudinal survey at a Swedish hospital starting six months before (16 September 2019) and continuing during the COVID-19 outbreak (until 25 August 2020). 6,941 pregnant women and partners of diverse social backgrounds were recruited. 96 percent of birth-giving women in the city take early ultrasounds where recruitment took place. 62 percent of the women with an appointment and 51 percent of their partners gave consent to participate. Results Pregnant women experienced dramatically increased worries for their own health, as well as for their partner’s and their child’s health in the beginning of the pandemic. The worries remained at higher than usual levels throughout the pandemic. Similar, but less dramatic changes, were seen among partners. Conclusions There is a need for heightened awareness of pregnant women’s and partners’ health-related worries as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Related feelings such as anxiety have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcome and might have long-term effects. The health care system needs to prepare for follow-up visits with these families.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Olander, Petrus, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of exclusion due to COVID-19 restrictions on partners' satisfaction with Swedish hospital postnatal ward care: A multi-methods approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE. - 0730-7659 .- 1523-536X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTo prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, hospitals around the world adopted protocols that, in varying ways, resulted in the exclusion of partners from hospital postnatal care wards. The objective of this study was to examine the effect this exclusion had on partners' satisfaction with postnatal care.MethodsAn online survey (the Swedish Pregnancy Panel) including free-text comments was conducted before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic; partners of pregnant women were recruited at an early ultrasound appointment and followed until 2 months after childbirth. Data were linked to the Swedish Pregnancy Register.ResultsThe survey was completed by 524 partners of women who gave birth during the pandemic and 203 partners of women who gave birth before. Partners' satisfaction with hospital postnatal care dropped 29.8 percent (-0.94 OLS, 95% CI = -1.17 to -0.72). The drop was largest for partners of first-time mothers (-1.40 OLS, 95% CI = -1.69 to -1.11), but unrelated to clinical outcomes such as mode of birth and most social backgrounds, except higher income. The qualitative analysis showed that partners (1) felt excluded as partners and parents, (2) thought the strain on staff led to deficiencies in the care provided, and (3) perceived the decision about partner restrictions as illogical.ConclusionsThe exclusion of partners from the hospital postnatal wards clearly impaired satisfaction with care, and partners of first-time mothers were particularly affected. Planning for future restrictions on partners from hospital wards should factor in these consequences. image
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