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- Lind, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Reaction of peroxyl radicals with ozone in water
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 107:5, s. 676-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactivity of alkylperoxyl radicals and -O3SOO* toward ozone was investigated. The peroxyl radicals were produced by steady-state gamma-radiolysis in the presence Of O-3. The rate constants were extracted from the decay rate of ozone measured during the irradiation. The rate constants vary between 7 x 10(3) and 2 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1) and there is a trend of increasing rate constant with electron-withdrawing substituent. Quantum chemical computations support a mechanism, according to which formation of an alkyl trioxide radical is the rate-determining step. This is followed by rapid expulsion Of O-2 to yield the alkoxyl radical. Conceivably, the alkyl trioxide radical is preceded by an extremely unstable alkyl pentoxide radical in equilibrium with the reactants.
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- Lind, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Using One-week Triple Therapies Combining Omeprazole with Two Antimicrobials : The MACH I Study
- 1996
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Ingår i: Helicobacter. - : Wiley. - 1083-4389 .- 1523-5378. ; 1:3, s. 138-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.Eradication of Helicobacter pylori provides potential cure in the majority of patients with peptic ulcer disease, and eradication rates of more than 90% have been reported, using omeprazole in combination with two antimicrobials. The choice of antimicrobials, dose regimen and duration of treatment have varied between studies, however, and an optimal treatment still has to be established.Materials and Methods.We conducted an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving more than 100 patients in each of six treatment groups in 43 hospital gastrointestinal units in Canada, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Patients (n=787) with proved duodenal ulcer disease were randomized to treatment twice daily for 1 week with omeprazole, 20 mg (O), plus either placebo (P) or combinations of two of the following anti-microbials: amoxicillin, 1 gm (A), clarithromycin, 250 or 500 mg (C250, C500), or metronidazole, 400 mg (M). Eradication of H. pylori was evaluated by 13C-UBT, performed before and 4 weeks after treatment cessation.Results.The eradication rates for the all-patients-treated analysis were 96%. OAC500; 95%, OMC250; 90%, OMC500; 84%, OAC250; 79%, OAM; and 1%, OP. OAC500 and OMC250 achieved eradication rates with lower 95% confidence interval limits exceeding 90%. All regimens were well-tolerated, 96% of patients complied with their dose regimen, and 2.3% of the patients discontinued treatment owing to adverse events.Conclusions.Omeprazole triple therapies given twice daily for 1 week produce high eradication rates, are well-tolerated, and are associated with high patient compliance. The two most effective therapies were those combining omeprazole, 20 mg, with either amoxicillin, 1 gm, plus clarithromycin, 500 mg, or metronidazole, 400 mg, plus clarithromycin, 250 mg, all given twice daily.
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- Lind, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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The MACH2 study : Role of omeprazole in eradication of Helicobacter pylori with 1-week triple therapies
- 1999
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 116:2, s. 248-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: The role of omeprazole in triple therapy and the impact of Helicobacter pylori resistance on treatment outcome are not established. This study investigated the role of omeprazole and influence of primary H. pylori resistance on eradication and development of secondary resistance.Methods: Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, 1000 mg amoxicillin, and 500 mg clarithromycin; OMC group received 20 mg omeprazole, 400 mg metronidazole, and 250 mg clarithromycin; and AC (amoxicillin, 1000 mg, and clarithromycin, 500 mg) and MC (metronidazole, 400 mg, and clarithromycin, 250 mg) groups received no omeprazole. All doses were administered twice daily for 1 week. H. pylori status was assessed before and after therapy by 13C-urea breath test. Susceptibility testing was performed at entry and in patients with persistent infection after therapy.Results: Eradication (intention to treat [n = 514]/per protocol [n = 449]) was 94%/95% for OAC, 26%/25% for AC (P < 0.001), 87%/91% for OMC, and 69%/72% for MC (P < 0.001). Primary resistance was 27% for metronidazole, 3% for clarithromycin, and 0% for amoxicillin. Eradication in primary metronidazole-susceptible/-resistant strains was 95%/76% for OMC and 86%/43% for MC. Secondary metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance each developed in 12 patients: 8 treated with omeprazole and 16 without omeprazole.Conclusions: Addition of omeprazole achieves high eradication rates, reduces the impact of primary resistance, and may decrease the risk of secondary resistance compared with regimens containing only two antibiotics.
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- Shaw, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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The Reflux Disease Questionnaire: a measure for assessment of treatment response in clinical trials
- 2008
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 6:31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Critical needs for treatment trials in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include assessing response to treatment, evaluating symptom severity, and translation of symptom questionnaires into multiple languages. We evaluated the previously validated Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) for internal consistency, reliability, responsiveness to change during treatment and the concordance between RDQ and specialty physician assessment of symptom severity, after translation into Swedish and Norwegian. Methods: Performance of the RDQ after translation into Swedish and Norwegian was evaluated in 439 patients with presumed GERD in a randomized, double-blind trial of active treatment with a proton pump inhibitor. Results: The responsiveness was excellent across three RDQ indicators. Mean change scores in patients on active treatment were large, also reflected in effect sizes that ranged from a low of 1.05 (dyspepsia) to a high of 2.05 (heartburn) and standardized response means 0.99 (dyspepsia) and 1.52 (heartburn). A good positive correlation between physician severity ratings and RDQ scale scores was seen. The internal consistency reliability using alpha coefficients of the scales, regardless of language, ranged from 0.67 to 0.89. Conclusion: The results provide strong evidence that the RDQ is amenable to translation and represents a viable instrument for assessing response to treatment, and symptom severity.
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- Su, Zhan, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at the MHC locus and at chromosome 16q24.1 predispose to Barrett's esophagus.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barrett's esophagus is an increasingly common disease that is strongly associated with reflux of stomach acid and usually a hiatus hernia, and it strongly predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a tumor with a very poor prognosis. We report the first genome-wide association study on Barrett's esophagus, comprising 1,852 UK cases and 5,172 UK controls in the discovery stage and 5,986 cases and 12,825 controls in the replication stage. Variants at two loci were associated with disease risk: chromosome 6p21, rs9257809 (Pcombined=4.09×10(-9); odds ratio (OR)=1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-1.28), within the major histocompatibility complex locus, and chromosome 16q24, rs9936833 (Pcombined=2.74×10(-10); OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.10-1.19), for which the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1, which is implicated in esophageal development and structure. We found evidence that many common variants of small effect contribute to genetic susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and that SNP alleles predisposing to obesity also increase risk for Barrett's esophagus.
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