| 1. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Viking Mobility in the Baltic Sea Region
- 2020
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In: Viking Encounters. - Aarhus : Aarhus University Press. - 978 87 7184 265 4 ; , s. 57-66
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tough mobility and migration could be regarded as diagnostic features of the Viking Age, it is not possible to generalize and treat the Viking World as a homogenous society. Patterns of mobility and migration were linked to social structures and contexts. Studying the composition of the material culture within a site or individual context has been the prevailing method within archaeology to approach issues of mobility. Although this approach has acknowledged restrictions, it has been the method at hand. However, migration and mobility are not necessarily reflected in the material culture, meaning other approaches are called for. The first question to ask is: what variations in mobility patterns between urban and rural contexts are there, and are there indications of significant differences between various geographical regions? Even between sites characterized as trading posts (i.e. not rural), with similar material evidence of long-distance trade and advanced crafts, we might have significant differences, relating to the seasonal or permanent character of the site. In the following paper, we present the results from strontium isotope analyses on archaeological materials from a number of Viking-Age sites within present-day Sweden. The results of the analyses conducted within the ATLAS project will be compared to other isotope studies from Scandinavia, and discussed in relation to local, regional and supra-regional contexts. On a more local level, the possible cultural influence of migrants is investigated.
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| 2. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Viking Mobility in the Baltic Sea Region
- 2020
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In: Viking encounters. - Aarhus : Aarhus Universitetsforlag. - 9788771842654 ; , s. 61-70
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Ingvarsson, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Bioarchaeological field analysis of human remains from the mass graves at Phaleron, Greece
- 2019
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In: Opuscula. - : Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome (ECSI). - 2000-0898. ; 12, s. 7-158
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2016, archaeological excavations undertaken by the Ephorate of Antiquities of West Attica, Piraeus and Islands 3.8 km south-west of Athens, Greece, revealed mass burials of 79 skeletons in three rows. The burials are dated to the 7th century BC. The anthropological field documentation was undertaken by The Swedish Institute of Athens, and followed established bioarchaeological protocols regarding taphonomic processes, age, sex, injuries, and pathological changes. The descriptions and interpretations should be regarded as preliminary field observations. A majority of the individuals were young adult or juvenile males, most of them without signs of active disease and with a generally good oral health status, but with corroded iron shackles around their wrists. Cause of death could not be determined although extensive and likely perimortem fractures were observed. The only object related to injury and/or possible cause of death was an arrowhead found in the chest of one of the skeletons. Why and where the individuals were killed is a matter of conjecture; the observations from the field documentation neither validate, nor disprove the hypothesis that these individuals were captives and victims of the socalled "Cylonian conspiracy" in the 7th century BC.
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| 4. |
- Kjellström, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Dietary patterns and social structures in medieval Sigtuna, Sweden, as reflected in stable isotope values in human skeletal remains
- 2009
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In: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 36:12, s. 2689-2699
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stable isotopes (delta C-13, delta N-15) have been studied in human burials from the medieval town Sigtuna in Sweden. Dietary patterns of 80 adult individuals were analyzed on three cemeteries representing the phases of establishment, prosperity and decline of the town. All analyzed individuals were radiocarbon dated. One of the cemeteries, Church 1, represents a population of higher social status than those at the other two cemeteries. The delta C-13 values are homogenous and showed that the protein intake was mainly of terrestrial origin in the whole population. delta N-15 values varies more and they may indicate a higher input of vegetables in the diet at one of the cemeteries, the Nunnan block. Already in the initial phases of Sigtuna a social hierarchy had been established which is reflected in dietary patterns. Apparently more animal protein was consumed among the high status population of the town. Furthermore, differences in dietary patterns between the sexes were noted. In all phases the females show more clustered values indicating a more homogeneous diet than that of the males.
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| 5. |
- Linderholm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Stable isotope analysis of a medieval skeletal sample indicative of systemic disease from Sigtuna Sweden
- 2011
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In: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 38:4, s. 925-933
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sigtuna, Sweden, several medieval cemeteries have been excavated, from which approximately 800 skeletons have been excavated and analysed. Archaeological finds and anthropological analyses have exposed social differences between the cemeteries. Stable isotope analyses have shown that the inhabitants of the town consumed a mixed diet. Significant differences in dietary patterns between the cemeteries may be related to social stratification. In the outskirts of a churchyard excavated in 2006, bone changes showing systemic inflammatory disease indicative of leprosy were observed in six individuals. The burial location suggests that the affected belonged to a lower social stratum. Bone samples were taken from these six individuals, 19 other human skeletons and five animals from the same cemetery for analysis of the stable isotope composition of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S). The results showed no significant differences in delta(13)C and delta(15)N values between the groups, i.e. the seemingly healthy humans and the humans affected by severe inflammatory disease appear to have had similar diets. Nor was a significant difference observed in delta(34)S data between the six affected individuals and the rest of the sample, implying that no difference in origins could be observed between the two groups studied. However, a comparison between the present study and the previous analysis resulted in significant differences in carbon values. Based on the results obtained in this investigation it is suggested that if a dietary difference existed between people in the outskirts of a cemetery (for example those suffering from leprosy) and people buried in higher ranked regions, it was not a difference in food source but rather in other parameters. Instead dietary differences and possibly social variations are demonstrated between cemeteries. The results from the present study highlight the hierarchical arrangements of social classes in the early medieval society.
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| 6. |
- Alfieri, James M., et al.
(author)
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Genomic investigation refutes record of most diverged avian hybrid
- 2023
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The most diverged avian hybrid that has been documented (Numida meleagris × Penelope superciliaris) was reported in 1957. This identification has yet to be confirmed, and like most contemporary studies of hybridization, the identification was based on phenotype, which can be misleading. In this study, we sequenced the specimen in question and performed analyses to validate the specimen's parentage. We extracted DNA from the specimen in a dedicated ancient DNA facility and performed whole-genome short-read sequencing. We used BLAST to find Galliformes sequences similar to the hybrid specimen reads. We found that the proportion of BLAST hits mapped overwhelmingly to two species, N. meleagris and Gallus gallus. Additionally, we constructed phylogenies using avian orthologs and parsed the species placed as sister to the hybrid. Again, the hybrid specimen was placed as a sister to N. meleagris and G. gallus. Despite not being a hybrid between N. meleagris and P. superciliaris, the hybrid still represents the most diverged avian hybrid confirmed with genetic data. In addition to correcting the “record” of the most diverged avian hybrid, these findings support recent assertions that morphological and behavioral-based identifications of avian hybrids can be error-prone. Consequently, this study serves as a cautionary tale to researchers of hybridization.
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| 7. |
- Ameen, Carly, et al.
(author)
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Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 286:1916
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Palaeo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and probably aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.
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| 8. |
- Aurell, Emelie, et al.
(author)
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Mikroplaster : Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om källor till mikroplaster och förslag på åtgärder för minskade utsläpp i Sverige
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I augusti 2015 fick Naturvårdsverket i uppdrag från regeringen att identifiera viktigare källor i Sverige till utsläpp av mikroplaster till havet och verka för att reducera utsläppen från dessa källor. I den här rapporten redovisar Naturvårdsverket uppdraget. Vi presenterar resultaten från den första, övergripande kartläggningen av källor till och spridning av mikroplaster i Sverige, en bedömning av vilka av de kartlagda källorna som primärt bör åtgärdas samt vilka steg som behöver tas för att förebygga utsläpp och minska spridning av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag från dessa källor.Förekomsten av mikroplast i den marina miljön har uppmärksammats allt mer under senare år, inte minst på global nivå. Mikroplast är ett samlingsnamn för små, små plastfragment (1 nm till 5 mm). De mikroplaster som hittats i världshaven, men även i sötvattensystem, har olika ursprung. Mikroplast kan bildas oavsiktligt när plastföremål slits och plastpartiklar frigörs, eller när vi inte återanvänder, återvinner eller slänger plastmaterial på rätt sätt utan plasten blir skräp som succesivt bryts ned till mindre och mindre bitar i naturen. Det finns också plast som från början tillverkas som små pellets eller korn.Utgångspunkten för arbetet har varit miljökvalitetsmålen Hav i balans samt levande kust och Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt målet om Giftfri miljö. Reduceradeutsläpp av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag bidrar till att nå dessa mål.Uppdraget har genomförts av Naturvårdsverket i samarbete med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, andra berörda myndigheter, samt med deltagande av berörda organisationer och andra intressenter mellan augusti 2015 och maj 2017. Slutsatserna är Naturvårdsverkets egna.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs
- 2022
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 607:7918, s. 313-320
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.
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| 11. |
- Bergström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs
- 2020
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 370:6516, s. 557-563
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Chen, Deliang, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Summary of a workshop on extreme weather events in a warming world organized by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- 2020
-
In: Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1600-0889 .- 0280-6509. ; 72:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change is not only about changes in means of climatic variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind, but also their extreme values which are of critical importance to human society and ecosystems. To inspire the Swedish climate research community and to promote assessments of international research on past and future changes in extreme weather events against the global climate change background, the Earth Science Class of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences organized a workshop entitled 'Extreme weather events in a warming world' in 2019. This article summarizes and synthesizes the key points from the presentations and discussions of the workshop on changes in floods, droughts, heat waves, as well as on tropical cyclones and extratropical storms. In addition to reviewing past achievements in these research fields and identifying research gaps with a focus on Sweden, future challenges and opportunities for the Swedish climate research community are highlighted.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Same island, different diet : Cultural evolution of food practice on Öland, Sweden, from the Mesolithic to the Roman Period
- 2008
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In: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-4165 .- 1090-2686. ; 27:4, s. 520-543
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in north-west Europe has been described as rapid and uniform, entailing a swift shift from the use of marine and other wild resources to domesticated terrestrial resources. Here, we approach the when, what and how of this transition on a regional level, using empirical data from Öland, an island in the Baltic Sea off the Swedish east coast, and also monitor changes that occurred after the shift. Radiocarbon dating and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of bones and teeth from 123 human individuals, along with faunal isotope data from 27 species, applying to nine sites on Öland and covering a time span from the Mesolithic to the Roman Period, demonstrate a great diversity in food practices, mainly governed by culture and independent of climatic changes. There was a marked dietary shift during the second half of the third millennium from a mixed marine diet to the use of exclusively terrestrial resources, interpreted as marking the large-scale introduction of farming. Contrary to previous claims, this took place at the end of the Neolithic and not at the onset. Our data also show that culturally induced dietary transitions occurred continuously throughout prehistory. The availability of high-resolution data on various levels, from intra-individual to inter-population, makes stable isotope analysis a powerful tool for studying the evolution of food practices.
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| 15. |
- Frantz, Laurent A. F., et al.
(author)
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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:35, s. 17231-17238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by similar to 10,500 y before the present ( BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers similar to 8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.
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| 16. |
- Frantz, Laurent A. F., et al.
(author)
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Genomic and archaeological evidence suggests a dual origin of domestic dogs
- 2016
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 352:6290, s. 1228-1231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The geographic and temporal origins of dogs remain controversial. We generated genetic sequences from 59 ancient dogs and a complete (28x) genome of a late Neolithic dog (dated to similar to 4800 calendar years before the present) from Ireland. Our analyses revealed a deep split separating modern East Asian and Western Eurasian dogs. Surprisingly, the date of this divergence (similar to 14,000 to 6400 years ago) occurs commensurate with, or several millennia after, the first appearance of dogs in Europe and East Asia. Additional analyses of ancient and modern mitochondrial DNA revealed a sharp discontinuity in haplotype frequencies in Europe. Combined, these results suggest that dogs may have been domesticated independently in Eastern and Western Eurasia from distinct wolf populations. East Eurasian dogs were then possibly transported to Europe with people, where they partially replaced European Paleolithic dogs.
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| 17. |
- Johnson, Ernst, 1995-, et al.
(author)
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The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review
- 2024
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In: Boreas. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885.
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The postglacial recolonization of Fennoscandian flora and fauna was initiated when the land became accessible as the last ice sheet retreated. In northern Sweden, plants are represented in pollen and macrofossil records, but there is no genetic evidence from the first plants, animals or humans in the region, mainly owing to an absence of osteological finds. The questions of who the first postglacial peoples, or pioneers, were and where they came from therefore remain unanswered. Previous palaeogenomic analyses from remains from adjacent regions have suggested that two main routes into Sweden could have been taken by the pioneers, one from the SW through modern-day Denmark and Norway, and one from the east via Finland. However, no direct genetic evidence from the pioneers of northern Sweden exists. Modern technology has provided the ancient DNA field with an updated toolbox that could allow for novel approaches for revealing the origin and genetic profiles of the first Scandinavians, of which sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is well placed. Lake sediments are now a routine source of sedaDNA that have been used to record environmental changes and detect species that lived in the surrounding lake catchment. This review will provide context and background, a summary of the ground-breaking studies within the field of lacustrine sedaDNA, and relevant methodology to address the scientific questions at hand. We conclude that the field is mature enough to provide insight into the origins and arrival times of the first postglacial humans that migrated into northern Sweden.
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| 18. |
- Johnson, Taryn, et al.
(author)
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Working Ethically with Ancient DNA from Composites in the United States
- 2024
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In: Advances in archaeological practice. - 2326-3768.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article discusses ethical frameworks for planning and implementing composite research in the United States. Composites, defined here as archaeological materials with multiple genetic sources, include materials such as sediment, coprolites, birch pitch, and dental calculus. Although composites are increasingly used in genetic research, the ethical considerations of their use in ancient DNA studies have not been widely discussed. Here, we consider how composites' compositions, contexts, and potential to act as proxies can affect research plans and offer an overview of the primary ethical concerns of ancient DNA research. It is our view that ethical principles established for analyses of Ancestral remains and related materials can be used to inform research plans when working with composite evidence. This work also provides a guide to archaeologists unfamiliar with genetics analyses in planning research when using composite evidence from the United States with a focus on collaboration, having a clear research plan, and using lab methods that provide the desired data with minimal destruction. Following the principles discussed in this article and others allows for engaging in composite research while creating and maintaining positive relationships with stakeholders. El presente trabajo analiza las preocupaciones eticas para la planificacion e implementacion de investigaciones compuestas en los Estados Unidos. Los compuestos, definidos aqui como muestras arqueologicas con multiples fuentes geneticas, incluyen materiales como sedimentos, paleofecas, brea de abedul y calculo dental. Sin embargo, si bien los compuestos se han utilizado cada vez mas en la investigacion genetica arqueologica, las consideraciones eticas de su uso en estudios de aADN no se han discutido ampliamente. Aqui consideramos como las composiciones, los contextos y el potencial de los compuestos para actuar como sustitutos pueden afectar los planes de investigacion y ofrecer una vision general de las principales preocupaciones eticas de la investigacion del ADN antiguo. Es la opinion de los autores que los principios eticos establecidos para los analisis de restos humanos y materiales relacionados se pueden utilizar para informar los planes de investigacion cuando se trabaja con evidencia compuesta. Este trabajo ofrece tambien una guia para planificar la investigacion cuando se utiliza evidencia compuesta con un enfoque en la colaboracion, en planes de investigacion claros y uso de metodos de laboratorio que proporcionen los datos deseados con una destruccion minima de la muestra. Seguir los principios descritos en este documento permite participar en la investigacion compuesta sin dejar de lado la creacion y mantencion de relaciones positivas con las partes interesadas.
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| 19. |
- Kimbung, Siker, et al.
(author)
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Transcriptional Profiling of Breast Cancer Metastases Identifies Liver Metastasis-Selective Genes Associated with Adverse Outcome in Luminal A Primary Breast Cancer
- 2016
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 22:1, s. 146-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The complete molecular basis of the organ-specificity of metastasis is elusive. This study aimed to provide an independent characterization of the transcriptional landscape of breast cancer metastases with the specific objective to identify liver metastasis-selective genes of prognostic importance following primary tumor diagnosis. Experimental Design: A cohort of 304 women with advanced breast cancer was studied. Associations between the site of recurrence and clinicopathologic features were investigated. Fine-needle aspirates of metastases (n = 91) were subjected to whole-genome transcriptional profiling. Liver metastasis-selective genes were identified by significance analysis of microarray (SAM) analyses and independently validated in external datasets. Finally, the prognostic relevance of the liver metastasis-selective genes in primary breast cancer was tested. Results: Liver relapse was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P = 0.002), luminal B subtype (P = 0.01), and was prognostic for an inferior postrelapse survival (P = 0.01). The major variation in the transcriptional landscape of metastases was also associated with ER expression and molecular subtype. However, liver metastases displayed unique transcriptional fingerprints, characterized by down-regulation of extracellular matrix (i.e., stromal) genes. Importantly, we identified a 17-gene liver metastasis-selective signature, which was significantly and independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free (P < 0.001) and overall (P = 0.001) survival in ER-positive tumors. Remarkably, this signature remained independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free survival (P = 0.001) among luminal A tumors. Conclusions: Extracellular matrix (stromal) genes can be used to partition breast cancer by site of relapse and may be used to further refine prognostication in ER positive primary breast cancer. (C)2015 AACR.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Kornalijnslijper-Altena, Renske, et al.
(author)
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PREDIX II HER2 : Improving pre-operative systemic therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplified breast cancer (BC)
- 2020
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In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 38:15 Suppl.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Neo-adjuvant systemic therapy (NAT) is the standard of care for most patients with early HER2-amplified and triple negative breast cancer (BC). Increasing the rate of pathological complete response (pCR) is highly meaningful for those patients, as pCR is strongly predictive for improved long-term disease-related outcomes. Clinical and preclinical evidence support the hypothesis that pCR-rates may be augmented by the addition of checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting the Programmed Death Ligand receptor 1 (PD-L1), to standard systemic NAT. Studies in different BC patient cohorts (e.g., IMPassion130, PANACEA, KATE2) have indicated that PD-L1 protein expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL’s) is a predictive marker for checkpoint inhibitor efficacy.Methods: We have initiated a phase II open-label, 2:1 randomized clinical trial where women with early HER2-amplified, PD-L1+ BC (cT2-3 and/or cN+) are treated with standard NAT (composed of anti-HER2 antibodies with a chemotherapy backbone of sequentially taxanes + carboplatin and epirubicin + cyclophosphamide [EC]) +/- atezolizumab during EC. N = 190 patients will be accrued in nine centers in Sweden to be able to demonstrate a 20% increase in pCR-rate, with a power of 80% and a two-sided alpha of 10%. Firstly, a prescreening is performed to select patients with a PD-L1 expression of > 1% on TIL’s. Important exclusion criteria are significant organ dysfunction and (with some exceptions) active auto-immune diseases. Extensive translational side-studies are performed to explore predictive markers for treatment efficacy, including clinicopathologic studies, molecular imaging and microbiome analyses, as well as monitoring of acute and chronic treatment-related toxicity, objective cognitive function and quality of life. As of February 11th, 4 patients have been prescreened and 1 enrolled in the trial. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03894007.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Linderholm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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A novel MC1R allele for black coat colour reveals the Polynesian ancestry and hybridization patterns of Hawaiian feral pigs
- 2016
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In: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 3:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pigs (Sus scrofa) have played an important cultural role in Hawaii since Polynesians first introduced them in approximately AD 1200. Additional varieties of pigs were introduced following Captain Cook's arrival in Hawaii in 1778 and it has been suggested that the current pig population may descend primarily, or even exclusively, from European pigs. Although populations of feral pigs today are an important source of recreational hunting on all of the major islands, they also negatively impact native plants and animals. As a result, understanding the origins of these feral pig populations has significant ramifications for discussions concerning conservation management, identity and cultural continuity on the islands. Here, we analysed a neutral mitochondrial marker and a functional nuclear coat colour marker in 57 feral Hawaiian pigs. Through the identification of a new mutation in the MC1R gene that results in black coloration, we demonstrate that Hawaiian feral pigs are mostly the descendants of those originally introduced during Polynesian settlement, though there is evidence for some admixture. As such, extant Hawaiian pigs represent a unique historical lineage that is not exclusively descended from feral pigs of European origin.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Linderholm, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Corded Ware cultural complexity uncovered using genomic and isotopic analysis from south-eastern Poland
- 2020
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the Final Eneolithic the Corded Ware Complex (CWC) emerges, chiefly identified by its specific burial rites. This complex spanned most of central Europe and exhibits demographic and cultural associations to the Yamnaya culture. To study the genetic structure and kin relations in CWC communities, we sequenced the genomes of 19 individuals located in the heartland of the CWC complex region, south-eastern Poland. Whole genome sequence and strontium isotope data allowed us to investigate genetic ancestry, admixture, kinship and mobility. The analysis showed a unique pattern, not detected in other parts of Poland; maternally the individuals are linked to earlier Neolithic lineages, whereas on the paternal side a Steppe ancestry is clearly visible. We identified three cases of kinship. Of these two were between individuals buried in double graves. Interestingly, we identified kinship between a local and a non-local individual thus discovering a novel, previously unknown burial custom.
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