| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Franceschini, N., et al.
(författare)
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GWAS and colocalization analyses implicate carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque loci in cardiovascular outcomes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque are measures of subclinical atherosclerosis associated with ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, we undertake meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 71,128 individuals for cIMT, and 48,434 individuals for carotid plaque traits. We identify eight novel susceptibility loci for cIMT, one independent association at the previously-identified PINX1 locus, and one novel locus for carotid plaque. Colocalization analysis with nearby vascular expression quantitative loci (cis-eQTLs) derived from arterial wall and metabolic tissues obtained from patients with CHD identifies candidate genes at two potentially additional loci, ADAMTS9 and LOXL4. LD score regression reveals significant genetic correlations between cIMT and plaque traits, and both cIMT and plaque with CHD, any stroke subtype and ischemic stroke. Our study provides insights into genes and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms linking atherosclerosis both to its functional genomic origins and its clinical consequences in humans. © 2018, The Author(s).
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Martinsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of Combustion Conditions and Photochemical Processing on the Light Absorption of Biomass Combustion Aerosol
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 49:24, s. 14663-14671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to identify relationships between combustion conditions, particle characteristics, and optical properties of fresh and photochemically processed emissions from biomass combustion. The combustion conditions included nominal and high burn rate operation and individual combustion phases from a conventional wood stove. Low temperature pyrolysis upon fuel addition resulted in "tar-ball" type particles dominated by organic aerosol with an absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) of 2.5-2.7 and estimated Brown Carbon contributions of 50-70% to absorption at the climate relevant aethalometer-wavelength (520 nm). High temperature combustion during the intermediate (flaming) phase was dominated by soot agglomerates with AAE 1.0-1.2 and 85-100% of absorption at 520 nm attributed to Black Carbon. Intense photochemical processing of high burn rate flaming combustion emissions in an oxidation flow reactor led to strong formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, with no or weak absorption. PM1 mass emission factors (mg/kg) of fresh emissions were about an order of magnitude higher for low temperature pyrolysis compared to high temperature combustion. However, emission factors describing the absorption cross section emitted per kg of fuel consumed (m(2)/kg) were of similar magnitude at 520 nm for the diverse combustion conditions investigated in this study. These results provide a link between biomass combustion conditions, emitted particle types, and their optical properties in fresh and processed plumes which can be of value for source apportionment and balanced mitigation of biomass combustion emissions from a climate and health perspective.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Molin, Nils-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Eigenmodes of av violin body
- 1990
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Ingår i: Proceedings / Nordic Acoustical Meeting 90 - NAM 90. - Luleå : CENTEK. - 9186998390 ; , s. 421-428
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Molin, Nils-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Parameters of violin plates and their influence on the plate modes
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 83:1, s. 281-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noncontact measuring methods and numerical calculations are used in a study of musical instruments. First, a simple method to determine the material parameters of a blank to a violin plate is presented. Eigenmodes of rectangular free-free violin wooden blanks are determined using optical nondestructive methods, Chladni patterns, or tapping. Assuming orthotropic material, the first three eigenmodes for such a blank are calculated using the finite element method (FEM). It is shown that the frequency of each eigenmode depends on separate elastic parameters. With this one variable dependence, it is a simple task to determine effective material parameters for quarter-cut standard wooden blanks when the frequencies and mass are known. Second, the violin maker's problem with the influence of material and geometrical parameters on the vibration modes is investigated. Numerical models and corresponding real violin plates are made from the spruce and the maple blanks. Good agreement between calculated and experimentally obtained plate modes is found. Calculations with a 10% variation in each parameter are thereafter used to give information about the influence of overall plate thickness variation, of local thickness variations, of changes in arch-height, and of material parameters. Third, boundary conditions for the plates when glued to the ribs are examined in a pilot experiment.
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| 9. |
- Chen, X., et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study of IgM antibody against phosphorylcholine: shared genetics and phenotypic relationship to chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 27:10, s. 1809-1818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an epitope on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), apoptotic cells and several pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Immunoglobulin M against PC (IgM anti-PC) has the ability to inhibit uptake of oxLDL by macrophages and increase clearance of apoptotic cells. From our genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in four European-ancestry cohorts, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11q24.1 were discovered (in 3002 individuals) and replicated (in 646 individuals) to be associated with serum level of IgM anti-PC (the leading SNP rs35923643-G, combined beta = 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.24, P = 4.3 x 10-11). The haplotype tagged by rs35923643-G (or its proxy SNP rs735665-A) is also known as the top risk allele for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and a main increasing allele for general IgM. By using summary GWAS results of IgM anti-PC and CLL in the polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis, PRS on the basis of IgM anti-PC risk alleles positively associated with CLL risk (explained 0.6% of CLL variance, P = 1.2 x 10-15). Functional prediction suggested that rs35923643-G might impede the binding of Runt-related transcription factor 3, a tumor suppressor playing a central role in the immune regulation of cancers. Contrary to the expectations from the shared genetics between IgM anti-PC and CLL, an inverse relationship at the phenotypic level was found in a nested case-control study (30 CLL cases with 90 age- and sex-matched controls), potentially reflecting reverse causation. The suggested function of the top variant as well as the phenotypic association between IgM anti-PC and CLL risk needs replication and motivates further studies.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Karl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Bifurcation in Quantum Measurement
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a generic model of (non-destructive) quantum measurement. It consists of two-level system μ interacting with a larger system A, in such a way that if μ is initially in one of the chosen basis states, it does not change but makes A change into a corresponding state (entanglement). The μA-interaction is described as a scattering process. Internal (unknown) variables of A may influence the transition amplitudes. It is assumed that the statistics of these variables is such that, in the mean, the μA-interaction is neutral with respect to the chosen basis states. It is then shown that, for a given initial state of μ, in the limit of a large system A, the statistics of the ensemble of available initial states leads to a bifurcation: those initial states of A that are efficient in leading to a final state, are divided into two separated subsets. For each of these subsets, μ ends up in one of the basis states. The probabilities in this branching confirm the Born rule.
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| 11. |
- Folkersen, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
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| 12. |
- Fällström, Karl-Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Transient bending waves in anisotropic plates studied by hologram interferometry
- 1989
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Ingår i: Experimental mechanics. - 0014-4851 .- 1741-2765. ; 29:4, s. 409-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propagating bending waves are studied in plates made of glass-fiber reinforced polyester. The waves are generated by the impact of a ballistic pendulum. Hologram interferometry, with a double pulsed ruby laser as light source, is used to record the out of plane motion of the waves. The interferograms have an elliptic-like symmetry for an orthotropic plate, while the wave pattern for a symmetric angle-ply reinforced plate has a symmetry about the axes of reinforcements. Experimental data are compared on one hand to analytical results obtained by assuming that the orthotropic plate can be described as if isotropic along the main axes, and on the other hand to numerical results from calculations using the finite-element method. The effective Young's modulus raised to power 1/4 is shown to be an important parameter for the description of the dispersive wave pattern. A defect in the plate alters the wave pattern in the interferograms significantly. This may have technical use.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
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| 15. |
- Lagou, Vasiliki, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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| 16. |
- Lejon, Erik
(författare)
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Information Integration in Computer Aided Design
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information management during product development and over the lifecycle of products has become central to enable competitiveness in the engineering industry. Reuse and integration of information is essential to avoid duplicating efforts. This need for methods and tools which effectively enable capture, retrieval, representation, and reuse of information.The research presented in this thesis is based on investigations of information management at two companies in the engineering industry in Sweden. One case at each company was identified. The cases focused on the methods and tools with which product-related information is captured, retrieved represented, and reused.The challenge lies in ensuring that pertinent product information can be efficiently captured and, once stored, can be understood, used, and reused by both systems and individuals.To address the challenge, an approach for integrating information in Product Development was developed, implemented, and evaluated. One of the bases of the approach is the information architecture used to provide easy access to product information in an integrated and customizable way. Information is stored in a main source, a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system tightly integrated with other sources. These tightly integrated information sources together form a PLM solution. The data model of the PLM system becomes the unified data model for the product information. The approach allows for redundancy-free storage that ensures that the information provided is up-to-date and valid. Ease of access to the information is provided by utilizing a service-oriented architecture to provide Web applications and integrations.Close collaboration between researchers and users has been essential throughout the entire process of investigation, implementation, and evaluation.Feedback from the evaluation showed that the prescribed approach was preferred to the old approach and that the participants from both companies agree that it will likely provide value to both authors and consumers of the information.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and methylation variation in the CYP2B6 gene is related to circulating p,p '-dde levels in a population-based sample
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment International. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 98, s. 212-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Since the metabolism of the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is not fully known in humans, we evaluated if circulating levels of a major breakdown product of DDT, p,p'-DDE, were related to genome-wide genetic and methylation variation in a population-based sample.Methods: In the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (1016 subjects all aged 70), circulating levels of p, p'-DDE were analyzed by high-resolution chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Genetic variants were genotyped and imputed (1000 Genomes reference, March 2012 release). Methylation sites were assayed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array in whole blood. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was applied.Results: Evidence for genome-wide significant association with p,p'-DDE levels was observed only for a locus at chromosome 19 corresponding to the CYP2B6 gene (lead SNP rs7260538). Subjects being homozygote for the G allele showed a median level of 472 ng/g lipid, while the corresponding level for those being homozygote for the T allelewas 192 ng/g lipid (p= 1.5x10(-31)). An analysis conditioned on the lead SNP disclosed a distinct signal in the same gene (rs7255374, position chr19: 41520351; p= 2.2 x 10(-8)). A whole-genome methylation analysis showed one significant relationship vs. p,p'-DDE levels (p= 6.2 x 10(-9)) located 7 kb downstreamthe CYP2B6 gene (cg27089200, position chr19: 41531976). This CpG-sitewas also related to the lead SNP (p = 3.8 x 10(-35)), but mediated only 4% of the effect of the lead SNP on p, p'-DDE levels.Conclusion: Circulating levels of p, p'-DDE were related to genetic variation in the CYP2B6 gene in the general elderly population. DNA methylation in this gene is not closely linked to the p, p'-DDE levels.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lindgren, Erik, 1981-
(författare)
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One coin - One vote : the rural political power shift that pushed Sweden towards industrialization
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Causal Effect of Political Power on the Provision of Public Education: Evidence from a Weighted Voting SystemWe estimate how political power affects the provision of public education in local governments, using data from a nondemocratic society where voters received votes in proportion to their taxable income. This was the system used in Swedish local governments during the period 1862–1909. We use two different identification strategies, a threshold regression analysis and a generalized event-study design, both of which exploit nonlinearities or discontinuities in the effect of political power between two opposing local elites: agricultural landowners and emerging industrialists. The results suggest that school spending is approximately 90–120% higher if the non-agrarian interest controls all of the votes compared to when landowners have a majority.The Causal Effect of Transport Infrastructure: Evidence from a New Historical DatabaseWe analyze the effect of railroad investments on economic growth and find large effects of having access to railways. For real non-agricultural income, the cumulative treatment effect is approximately 130% after 30 years. We also show that the effect is likely to reflect growth rather than a reorganization of existing economic activity since no spillover effects between treated and untreated regions are found. Our results are consistent with the big push hypothesis that argues that simultaneous and coordinated investment can generate economic growth if there are strong aggregate demand externalities. We corroborate this mechanism by using plant-level data and find that investments in local railways significantly increase local industrial production and employment.The Political Economics of Growth, Labor Control and Coercion: Evidence from a Suffrage Reform Here we analyze the breadth of Sweden’s industrial, economic and social development from the 1860s to the 1910s. By using a novel constructed historical dataset of approximately 2,400 Swedish local governments we find that the change in suffrage affected several outcomes at the local level. These outcomes include factor price manipulation in the form of entry barriers such as investments in local public education and transportation; technology adoption and labor productivity in agriculture and industry; changes in the real wage structure, composition of employment, and the structure of production; organized labor and labor coercion; demographic transition; and persistence in dysfunctional local political institutions. Our results support the idea that political institutions are a key determinant of long-term development and growth. Precipitation and Infant Mortality: Evidence from Sweden 1881–1950I analyze the dynamic effects of precipitation on infant mortality, using a panel dataset containing monthly mortality data from approximately 2,150 Swedish parishes and monthly precipitation levels collected at a number of weather stations around the country. Given that I use data from 1881 to 1950, the size of this novel panel dataset is considerable. Parishes have been matched to the closest weather station for every given month. Given that precipitation, is neither binary nor constant, a binned event-study design is used to estimate the dynamic effects with respect to the precipitation intensity. The results show that increased precipitation decreases infant mortality for both male and female infants. The dynamic effect after 4 months is about 8 percent.
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| 21. |
- Lindgren, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Roll Forming
- 2014
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Ingår i: Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. - London : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9781447149767 ; , s. 1-19
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roll forming is cost-effective compared to other sheet metal forming processes for uniform profiles. The process has during the last 10 years developed into forming of profiles with varying cross sections and is thereby becoming more flexible. The motion of the rolls can now be controlled with respect to many axes enabling a large variation in the profiles along the formed sheet, the so-called 3D roll forming or flexible roll forming technology. The roll forming process has also advantages compared to conventional forming for high-strength materials. Furthermore, computer tools supporting the design of the process have also been developed during the last 10 years. This is quite important when designing the forming of complex profiles. The chapter describes the roll forming process, particularly from the designer’s perspective. It gives the basic understanding of the process and how it is designed. Furthermore, modern computer design and simulation tools are discussed.
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| 22. |
- Lindgren, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Roll Forming
- 2015
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Ingår i: Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. - London : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9781447146698 - 9781447146704 ; , s. 285-307
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roll forming is cost-effective compared to other sheet metal forming processes for uniform profiles. The process has during the last 10 years developed into forming of profiles with varying cross sections and is thereby becoming more flexible. The motion of the rolls can now be controlled with respect to many axes enabling a large variation in the profiles along the formed sheet, the so-called 3D roll forming or flexible roll forming technology. The roll forming process has also advantages compared to conventional forming for high-strength materials. Furthermore, computer tools supporting the design of the process have also been developed during the last 10 years. This is quite important when designing the forming of complex profiles. The chapter describes the roll forming process, particularly from the designer’s perspective. It gives the basic understanding of the process and how it is designed. Furthermore, modern computer design and simulation tools are discussed
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| 23. |
- Lindgren, Stig-Åke, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Coverage-dependent frequency for Li-atom vibrations on Cu(111)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 54:15, s. 10912 - 10916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron-energy-loss spectra recorded for monolayer amounts of Li adsorbed on Cu(111) show a loss peak associated with Li vibrations perpendicular to the substrate. The loss energy shifts from 38 meV at low coverage to 43 meV at 0.3 ML and remains constant for coverages between 0.3 and 0.5 ML. The loss intensity passes a maximum at a Li coverage of 0.15 ML and gradually decreases such that it is difficult to resolve a loss peak at coverages above 0.5 ML. The high loss energy indicates that the adatom resides on the surfaces rather than in substitutional sites. The frequency shift is much too large to be explained by dipole-dipole interactions. The above results are obtained with the evaporation source loaded with the natural Li isotope mixture (92.6% 7Li, 7.4% 6Li). Measurements with 6Li show that the increase of the vibration frequency with increasing coverage is not an isotope effect.
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| 24. |
- Lundblad, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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KP-LULUCF
- 2016
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Ingår i: National inventort report Sweden 2016: greenhouse gas emission inventories 1990-2014: submitted under the United Nations framework convention om climate change and the Kyoto protocol. ; , s. 471-500
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Lundblad, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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KP-LULUCF
- 2015
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Ingår i: National Inventory Report Sweden 2015: Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories 1990-2013: Submitted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. ; , s. 440-465
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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