| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Lena-Karin, 1966-
(författare)
-
Försoning : ur ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingens övergripande syfte var att ur ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv belysa försoningens innebörder i förhållande till människans hälsa och lidande. Valet av perspektiv grundar sig på vårdvetenskapens ställningstaganden i relation till hälsa och lidande. De grundantaganden som varit forskningens utgångspunkt är att hälsa är mer än frånvaro av sjukdom, att hälsa innebär helhet och helighet, att lidande är en oskiljaktig del av livet samt att lidande och hälsa utgör varandras förutsättningar. Valet av perspektiv grundar sig dessutom på den kliniska vårdvetenskapens tankar om grundforskning vilken har som sin övergripande uppgift att forma ideal för vårdandet. Grundforskning inom klinisk vårdvetenskap syftar i första hand till utveckling av kunskap kring hälsa, lidande och vårdande samt förståelse för dessa fenomen i den kliniska situationen. Föreliggande forsknings övergripande frågeställningen var: Vad är försoningens innebörder? Denna frågeställning följdes av: Vad är försoning relaterat till hälsa och lidande? Forskningen har genomförts via fyra delstudier som alla skiftat gällande material och metod. Den övergripande metodologin har haft sin utgångspunkt i hermeneutik inspirerad av Paul Ricoeur. Den första delstudien är en metasyntes av aktuell forskning som berört försoning, medan den andra delstudien utgörs av en begreppsanalys av ordböcker. Delstudie tre består av skönlitterära texter som lyfter fram innebörder av försoning. Tolkningsprocessen i den tredje delstudien har följt en fenomenologisk hermeneutik riktning. Den fjärde delstudien är empirisk och utgår från berättelser om försoning. Dessa försoningsberättelser, från åtta kvinnor med personliga erfarenhet av sorg, har tolkats med utgångspunkt i en hermeneutisk narrativ ansats. Slutligen har en stillbild skapats utifrån förståelsen så som den framträder framför texten då avhandlingens olika delstudier gått i dialektik med varandra samt med tolkningsramen. Stillbilden utgör en belysning av försoningens innebörder i förhållande till människans hälsa och lidande. I denna visuella stillbild framträder två olika former av innebörder; De yttre formerna av försoningens innebörder belyser försoningens gestaltning och position i förhållande till hälsa och lidande. Försoning innehar en progressiv form som innebär en övergång från upplevelse av delar till helhet men också en helande process mellan dåtid och nutid samt utgör därmed en länk till framtiden. De inre formerna av försoningens innebörder belyser människans inre förhållande till hälsa och lidande. Försoningens innebörd kan ses som ett förenande genom härbärgerande av motsatser som tidigare varit skilda och omöjliga att rymma inom människan i en heterogens syntes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Lena-Karin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
The meaning of reconciliation : Women’s stories about theirexperience of reconciliation with suffering from grief
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:3, s. 525-532
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Grief can be seen as a form of suffering. In this study grief was not only defined as loss, but as the process of inner suffering caused of some kinds of loss. We must recognise the importance of increased understanding for patient reconciliation with grief to expand earlier formulated knowledge about health and suffering. The aim in this study was ti illuminate the meaning of reconciliation among women suffering from grief.Methods:A qualitative explorative design with a hermeneutic narrative approach was used to analyse and interpret the interviews. Caring theory abouth health, suffering and hermeneutical philosophy about understanding provided the point of departure for the analysis. The study was approved by an ethical research committé.Results:Findings reveal different plots that give light to the meaning of reconciliation in the different phases of analysis. In the Women´s narratives the meaning of reconciliation is a process to a new way of seeing, but also to opening and transition from the experience of grief and suffering to the experience of health and holiness.Conclusions: Reconciliation has a progressive form and the meaning of reconciliation cannot be seen as synonymous or homogenous but an understanding of reconciliation as a heterogenic synthesis of health and suffering. Understanding the reconciliation process will enable nurses to plan and provide professional care, based on caring science.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Alenius, Malin, 1974-
(författare)
-
Treatment Response in Psychotic Patients in a Naturalistic Setting : Classification, Genes, Drugs, Insight and Social Networks
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many patients with psychotic symptoms respond poorly to treatment. Various approaches have been made to classify these patients according to treatment response. However, existing classifications have been criticized for various reasons and a new classification system is needed. Further, no satisfactory explanation of the poor treatment response has been apparent. The general aim of this thesis was therefore to develop and validate a new classification method of functional remission in a naturalistic population of patients with psychosis and to utilize this classification to investigate the population from genetic, drug treatment, insight and social network points of view. Data for this cross-sectional study of patients (n=123) attending the Psychosis Outpatient Care clinic in the county of Jönköping, Sweden, were obtained from patient interviews, blood samples and information from patient files. The new classification method CANSEPT, which combines the CAN rating scale (CAN), the UKU side effect rating scale (SE) and the patient’s previous treatment history (PT), showed validity in discriminating the patients and was accepted well by the patients. CANSEPT was used to group the patients in the other studies in this thesis. The results indicated that the gene polymorphism ABCB1 3435T, was related to worse significant social and clinical needs for patients on olanzapine, while the polymorphism DRD2 Taq1 A1 was related to a greater risk of significant side effects; especially if male, or taking strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonistic drugs. Drug treatment factors were also related to treatment response; longer duration of untreated prodromal and early psychosis was seen for patients with current significant social and clinical needs and non-adherence to treatment was associated with worse significant side effects. Worse treatment outcomes also appeared to be associated with smaller social network groups, worse insight into illness, poorer knowledge of warning signs and worse coping strategies. In summary, CANSEPT was shown to be a useful valid, multidimensional tool for classification of treatment response. Gene polymorphisms, duration of untreated illness, non-adherence to treatment, social networks and knowledge should be taken into consideration when investigating inadequate treatment response.
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Phase-contrast MRI volume flow - a comparison of breath held and navigator based acquisitions
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Medical Imaging. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2342. ; 16:26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 2D phase-contrast flow measurement has been regarded as the gold standard in blood flow measurements and can be performed with free breathing or breath held techniques. We hypothesized that the accuracy of flow measurements obtained with segmented phase-contrast during breath holding, and in particular higher number of k-space segments, would be non-inferior compared to navigator phase-contrast. Volumes obtained from anatomic segmentation of cine MRI and Doppler echocardiography were used for additional reference. Methods: Forty patients, five women and 35 men, mean age 65 years (range 53-80), were randomly selected and consented to the study. All underwent EKG-gated cardiac MRI including breath hold cine, navigator based free-breathing phase-contrast MRI and breath hold phase-contrast MRI using k-space segmentation factors 3 and 5, as well as transthoracic echocardiography within 2 days. Results: In navigator based free-breathing phase-contrast flow, mean stroke volume and cardiac output were 79.7 +/- 17.1 ml and 5071 +/- 1192 ml/min, respectively. The duration of the acquisition was 50 +/- 6 s. With k-space segmentation factor 3, the corresponding values were 77.7 ml +/- 17.5 ml and 4979 +/- 1211 ml/min (p = 0.15 vs navigator). The duration of the breath hold was 17 +/- 2 s. K-space segmentation factor 5 gave mean stroke volume 77.9 +/- 16.4 ml, cardiac output 5142 +/- 1197 ml/min (p = 0.33 vs navigator), and breath hold time 11 +/- 1 s. Anatomical segmentation of cine gave mean stroke volume and cardiac output 91.2 +/- 20.8 ml and 5963 +/- 1452 ml/min, respectively. Echocardiography was reliable in 20 of the 40 patients. The mean diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract was 20.7 +/- 1.5 mm, stroke volume 78.3 ml +/- 15.2 ml and cardiac output 5164 +/- 1249 ml/min. Conclusions: In forty consecutive patients with coronary heart disease, breath holding and segmented k-space sampling techniques for phase-contrast flow produced stroke volumes and cardiac outputs similar to those obtained with free-breathing navigator based phase-contrast MRI, using less time. The values obtained agreed fairly well with Doppler echocardiography while there was a larger difference when compared with anatomical volume determinations using SSFP (steady state free precession) cine MRI.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-
(författare)
-
Quartz in Swedish iron foundries : exposure and cancer risk
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of the studies underlying this thesis were to assess the exposure to quartz in Swedish iron foundries and to determine the cancer morbidity for Swedish foundry workers. A cohort of 3,045 foundry workers and a final measurement database of 2,333 number of samples was established.The exposure measurements showed high levels of respirable quartz, in particular for fettlers and furnace and ladle repair workers with individual 8 hr TWA (GM=0.041 and 0.052 mg/m3; range 0.004-2.1 and 0.0098-0.83 mg/m3). In our database, the quartz concentrations as 8hr TWAs of current and historical data varied between 0.0018 and 4.9 mg/m3, averaging 0.083 mg/m3, with the highest exposures for fettlers (0.087 mg/m3) and furnace and ladle repair workers (0.42 mg/m3). The exposure for workers using respirators assuming full effect when used were assessed quantitatively, revealing workers with actual exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limits.Overall cancer morbidity was not increased, but the incidence of lung cancer was significantly elevated (SIR 1.61; 95 % CI 1.20-2.12). In the cohort study, significant associations between lung cancer and cumulative quartz exposure were detected for quartz doses of 1-2 mg/m3 * year (SIR 2.88; 95 % CI 1.44-5.16) and >2 mg/m3 * year (SIR 1.68; 95 % CI 1.07- 2.52). These findings were not confirmed in the case-control analysis.The agreement between the estimated exposure in our early historical model and the development model showed a regression coefficient of 2.42, implying an underestimation of the historical exposure when using the development model data. The corresponding comparison between the development and the validation model based on our survey data showed a B of 0.31, implying an overestimation of present exposures when using data from the validation model.The main conclusions of the thesis are that certain foundry workers are still exposed to high levels of quartz, and the overall excess lung cancer could not be confirmed in the exposure-response analysis.
|
|
| 10. |
- Anna-Lena, Lindström Olsson, et al.
(författare)
-
Intrångsskydd till järnvägen
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 285-286
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antalet personpåkörningar på järnvägen är fortfarande hög med cirka 90 per år, där ungefär 85% av de omkomna beror på suicid (självmord). Av de olyckor som sker på spåren idag utgör självmord cirka 80 procent. Varje dödsfall eller olycka skapar förseningar och kostnader förutom det mänskliga lidandet. Trafikverket ska fram till 2030 nå regeringens etappmål om att antalet omkomna i bantrafiken ska halveras till 2030, även kallat halveringsmålet. Som del i suicidpreventionsarbetet har Trafikverket sedan 2015 monterat stålnätspanel längs befintlig järnväg på särskilt suicid- och olyckstäta platser, men önskad effekt har ej uppnåtts. Studien har genomförts av AFRY med stöd av Trafikverket för att se om det är möjligt att anpassa dagens viltstängsel till att även försvåra för människor att ta sig in spårområdet samtidigt som djur inte ska riskera att skada sig.För att undersöka hur stängslet bör utformas genomfördes klättringstester av totalt fem olika prototyper, där prototyp 1 var den första prototypen och prototyp 5 den slutgiltiga prototypen. Framtagandet av prototyperna var en iterativ process där varje prototyp modifierades utefter testresultaten från föregående prototyp. Utifrån resultatet från de genomförda klättringstesterna gjordes en bedömning av hur stor andel av en normalfördelad befolkning som respektive prototyp förhindrar. För de samhällsekonomiska beräkningarna baserades samtliga kalkylförutsättningar på ASEK 7.0. För att exemplifiera samhällsnyttan valdes sträckan Norrköping-Linköping som utgångspunkt för kalkylen. Sträckan har både högt antal förseningsminuter på grund av obehörigt spårbeträdanden och personpåkörningar samt ligger på ett viktigt stråk i järnvägsnätet vilket innebär att en händelse lätt påverkar andra delar av järnvägssystemet. Kalkylen har gjorts utifrån ett antagande kring sparade liv, allvarligt skadade och förseningsminutrar som orsakas av obehörigt spårbeträdande.Den första prototypen bedömdes förhindra cirka 75% av en normalfördelad befolkning. Den slutgiltiga prototypen bedöms stoppa cirka 80 % av de som vill klättra över och vara ett viktigt verktyg i arbetet med att nå regeringens etappmål om att halvera antalet omkomna i bantrafiken till 2030.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Bjarnegård, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term hyperglycaemia impairs vascular smooth muscle cell function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2009
-
Ingår i: DIABETES and VASCULAR DISEASE RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1479-1641 .- 1752-8984. ; 6:1, s. 25-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations of increased stiffness in the elastic aorta in women with diabetes, but not men, emphasise the need for further analysis regarding early abnormalities in arterial wall properties of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Ultrasound was used to study the wall properties of the distal brachial artery (BA) in 37 type 1 diabetic women (aged 22-45 years) without evident complications and in 53 controls (C). Blood samples were drawn for later analysis.Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was slightly lower in DM than C, 8.1 +/- 4.3% vs. 10.3 +/- 4.9% (p<0.05), and nitrate-mediated dilatation (NMD) was markedly lower, 21.7 +/- 6.6% vs. 31.4 +/- 5.7% (p<0.001). Lumen diameter, intima-media thickness and distensibility were similar in DM and C. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) was lower in DM than C, 231 +/- 65 vs. 349 +/- 68 ng/ml (p<0.001). Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1C)) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) were independent predictors of the reduced NMD in the DM.Brachial artery responsiveness to an exogenous donor of nitric oxide (NO) was markedly reduced in type 1 diabetic women despite only limited reduction in endothelium-dependent dilatation. The negative association between NMD and HbA(1C) suggests that long-term hyperglycaemia impairs vascular smooth muscle cell function in DM.
|
|
| 13. |
- Björkqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Somatostatin, misoprostol and galanin inhibit gastrin- and PACAP-stimulated secretion of histamine and pancreastatin from ECL cells by blocking specific Ca(2+) channels.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1686 .- 0167-0115. ; 130:1-2, s. 81-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxyntic mucosa is rich in ECL cells. They secrete histamine and chromogranin A-derived peptides, such as pancreastatin, in response to gastrin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). Secretion is initiated by Ca2+ entry. While gastrin stimulates secretion by opening L-type and N-type Ca2+ channels, PACAP stimulates secretion by activating L-type and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels. Somatostatin, galanin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibit gastrin- and PACAP-stimulated secretion from the ECL cells. In the present study, somatostatin and the PGE2 congener misoprostol inhibited gastrin- and PACAP-stimulated secretion 100%, while galanin inhibited at most 60–65%. Bay K 8644, a specific activator of L-type Ca2+ channels, stimulated ECL-cell secretion, an effect that was inhibited equally effectively by somatostatin, misoprostol and galanin (75–80% inhibition). Pretreatment with pertussis toxin, that inactivates inhibitory G-proteins, prevented all three agents from inhibiting stimulated secretion (regardless of the stimulus). Pretreatment with nifedipine (10 μM), an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, reduced PACAP-evoked pancreastatin secretion by 50–60%, gastrin-evoked secretion by not, vert, similar 80% and abolished the response to Bay K 8644. The nifedipine-resistant response to PACAP was abolished by somatostatin and misoprostol but not by galanin. Gastrin and PACAP raised the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a biphasic manner, believed to reflect mobilization of internal Ca2+ followed by Ca2+ entry. Somatostatin and misoprostol blocked Ca2+ entry (and histamine and pancreastatin secretion) but not mobilization of internal Ca2+. The present observations on isolated ECL cells suggest that Ca2+ entry rather than mobilization of internal Ca2+ triggers exocytosis, that gastrin and PACAP activate different (but over-lapping) Ca2+ channels, that somatostatin, misoprostol and galanin interact with inhibitory G-proteins to block Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels, and that somatostatin and misoprostol (but not galanin) in addition block N-type and/or receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.
|
|
| 14. |
- Bodén, Robert, 1973-
(författare)
-
Prognostic Factors in First-Episode Schizophrenia : Five-year Outcome of Symptoms, Function and Obesity
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our knowledge of prognostic factors and optimal treatment organisation in schizophrenia is incomplete. The disparity of outcome measures used has been a major obstacle for research. Increasing evidence has shown that schizophrenia is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, development of obesity and autonomic nervous system imbalance. Assertive community treatment (ACT) has been suggested as a promising direction for organising treatment services for first-episode schizophrenia, but its long-term effect has not been evaluated. One aim of the present thesis was to investigate prognostic factors for 5-year symptomatic and functional outcome and obesity development. A further aim was to evaluate a recently proposed definition of remission and examine the long-term effects of introducing a modified ACT programme (mACT). Thus, we performed a follow-up study of all consecutive first-episode psychosis patients in Uppsala County, Sweden during 1995-2000 (n=144). In the first study we investigated the changes in a broad 5-year outcome of symptoms and function among patients presenting first time ever to psychiatric health care during 3 years before and during 3 years after the implementation of mACT. This change in the psychiatric service, however, was not followed by any long-term clinical benefits. In the second study, we examined the association between remission of eight core schizophrenia symptoms and functional outcome. Remission was strongly associated with having good function and having a higher self-rated satisfaction with life. In the third study, we explored a set of biochemical markers as predictors of weight gain and development of obesity. Haemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, γ-glutamyltransferase and creatinine were associated with the development of obesity in first-episode schizophrenia. In the fourth and final study, we tested electrocardiographic measures of autonomic imbalance as predictors of symptomatic remission. Higher heart rate and high ST and T-wave amplitudes were related to symptomatic remission, indicating that cardiac autonomic imbalance at baseline may have a prognostic value in first-episode schizophrenia.
|
|
| 15. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
-
A neurophenomenological fMRI study of a spontaneous automatic writer and a hypnotic cohort
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Brain and Cognition. - 0278-2626. ; 170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the neurophenomenology of automatic writing (AW) in a spontaneous automatic writer (NN) and four high hypnotizables (HH). Methods: During fMRI, NN and the HH were cued to perform sponta- neous (NN) or induced (HH) AW, and a comparison task of copying complex symbols, and to rate their expe- rience of control and agency. Results: Compared to copying, for all participants AW was associated with less sense of control and agency and decreased BOLD signal responses in brain regions implicated in the sense of agency (left premotor cortex and insula, right premotor cortex, and supplemental motor area), and increased BOLD signal responses in the left and right temporoparietal junctions and the occipital lobes. During AW, the HH differed from NN in widespread BOLD decreases across the brain and increases in frontal and parietal regions. Conclusions: Spontaneous and induced AW had similar effects on agency, but only partly overlapping effects on cortical activity.
|
|
| 16. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
-
Dispositional self-consciousness and hypnotizability
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5183 .- 0020-7144. ; 70:1, s. 16-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The abeyance of self-consciousness (SC) during hypnosis has beendiscussed as a central aspect of hypnosis, yet dispositional SC hasbeen very rarely evaluated as a correlate of hypnotizability. In thisstudy (N = 328), the authors administered the Harvard Group Scaleof Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS), the Inventory Scale of HypnoticDepth (ISHD), and the Self-Consciousness Scale-Revised (SCS-R).Women tended to score higher than men on the HGSHS, besidesexperiencing greater ISHD automaticity. The Discontinuity (with everydayexperiences) subscale of the ISHD correlated with the Public Self-Consciousness scale of the SCS-R and with the Private Self-Consciousness subscale (using simple, quadratic, and cubic regressions).Being concerned about the perception of others related toexperiencing hypnosis as discontinuous with everyday life, whichalso related to being more introspective and interested in subjectivityat the middle range of scores. The article concludes with suggestionson how to pursue the implications of these results, including testingfor nonlinear relations.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Carlhäll, Carljohan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Atrioventricular plane displacement correlates closely to circulatory dimensions but not to ejection fraction in normal young subjects
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0144-5979 .- 1365-2281. ; 21:5, s. 621-628
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Mitral atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) provides information about left ventricular systolic function. M-mode of systolic annulus amplitude or tissue Doppler imaging of systolic annulus velocity are the current methods of evaluating AVPD. A correlation to ejection fraction (EF) has been demonstrated in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Our aim was (i) to investigate the mitral AVPD of normal subjects with different physical work capacities and (ii) to further evaluate AVPD as an index of left ventricular systolic function.Methods and results Twenty-eight healthy men mean age 28 years (20–39) were included: endurance trained (ET) (n=10), strength trained (ST) (n=9) and untrained (UT) (n=9). The systolic AVPD was recorded at four sites, septal, lateral, anterior and posterior, using M-mode. Left ventricular volumes were calculated according to Simpson’s rule. Systolic AVPD was higher in endurance trained, 16·9 ± 1·5 mm, as compared with both strength trained, 13 ± 1·6 (P<0·001) and untrained, 14 ± 1·6 (P<0·001). Left ventricular systolic AVPD correlated strongly with end-diastolic volume (r=0·82), stroke volume (r=0·80) and maximal oxygen consumption per body weight (r=0·72). The correlation between AVPD and EF was poor (r=0·22).Conclusion In the subjects studied, with a range of normal cardiac dimensions, AVPD correlated to stroke volume, end-diastolic volume and maximal oxygen consumption per body weight, but not to EF. On theoretical grounds, it also seems reasonable that a dimension like AVPD is related to other cardiac dimensions and volumes, rather than to a fraction, like EF. AVPD is one parameter that is useful for evaluation of left ventricular systolic function but is not interchangeable with other measurements such as EF.
|
|
| 20. |
- Claesson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Two weeks of overfeeding with candy, but not peanuts, increases insulin levels and body weight
- 2009
-
Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL and LABORATORY INVESTIGATION. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 69:5, s. 598-605
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the effects of snacking based on fast acting carbohydrates (candy) or fat and protein (peanuts) in a prospective randomized, parallel intervention study. Methods: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cardiovascular risk factors were measured before and after hyper-alimentation by addition of 20 kcal/kg (84 kJ/kg) body weight of either candy or roasted peanuts, to the regular caloric intake, for two weeks in healthy subjects. Eleven men and 14 women completed the randomized study. Results: Energy-intake increased similarly in the groups (candy: +46.1 +/- 35%, peanuts: +46.8 +/- 28%, p = 0.96). Body-weight (candy: from 67.3 +/- 7.6 kg to 68.1 +/- 7.3 kg, p = 0.01, nuts: from 68.7 +/- 6.1 kg to 69.0 +/- 5.7 kg, p = 0.3) and waist circumference increased significantly only in the candy group. At the end of the study LDL cholesterol (candy: 2.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, peanuts: 2.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, p = 0.005) and ApoB/ApoA-1-ratio (candy: 0.68 +/- 0.16, peanuts: 0.53 +/- 0.11, p = 0.01) were higher in the candy group than in the peanut group. On the other hand, BMR increased only in the peanut group (candy: from 6.657 +/- 1.1 MJ/24 h to 6.762 +/- 1.1 MJ/24 h, p - 0.3, nuts: from 6.896 +/- 0.98 MJ/24 h to 7.256 +/- 1.1 MJ/24 h, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Two weeks of snacking based on peanuts does not cause the same negative metabolic effects as an isocaloric diet in which the snacking is based on short acting carbohydrates in the form of candy in non-obese healthy subjects.
|
|
| 21. |
- Clinton, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Drop-In Access to Specialist Services for Eating Disorders : A Qualitative Study of Patient Experiences
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Eating Disorders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1064-0266 .- 1532-530X. ; 22:4, s. 279-291
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lack of patient motivation and dropout are common problems in the treatment of eating disorders. The present study explored patient experiences with open access to specialist eating disorder services through a drop-in program aiming to enable early identification of eating disorders, address motivational problems, and strengthen the therapeutic alliance. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to explore the experiences of 11 individuals attending the program. Results suggest that drop-in access may strengthen the therapeutic alliance, motivate engagement in treatment, and reduce dropout. Strengths and weaknesses of the program are discussed and the need for more systematic research is elaborated.
|
|
| 22. |
- de Rojas, I., et al.
(författare)
-
Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease. © 2021, The Author(s).
|
|
| 23. |
- Eckerström, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
-
Brief admission for patients with emotional instability and self-harm : A qualitative analysis of patients' experiences during crisis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1445-8330 .- 1447-0349. ; 29:5, s. 962-971
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies report that individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder have been met by negative attitudes from healthcare professionals and their care needs have often been neglected during hospitalizations. When symptoms of emotional instability are combined with self-harm, the resulting crisis often becomes difficult to handle for patients and healthcare professionals. To meet their care needs during these crises, an intervention called 'brief admission' (BA) has been developed. The purpose of BA is to provide a timeout, in situations of increased stress and threat, in order to foster self-management in a safe environment. In the present study, we explored the following research questions: What are patients' experiences with BA? What do patients consider to be the key components of BA? What improvements are considered relevant by patients? A qualitative design was employed, and 15 patients (13 females, 2 males; mean age 38.5 ± 12.9, range 20-67 years) were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analyses were performed, which yielded four themes related to the patients' experiences: 'a timeout when life is tough', 'it is comforting to know that help exists', 'encouraged to take personal responsibility', and 'it is helpful to see the problems from a different perspective'. Four themes also described the key components: 'a clear treatment plan', 'a smooth admission procedure', 'a friendly and welcoming approach from the staff', and 'daily conversations'. Lastly, three themes described areas for improvements: 'feeling guilty about seeking BA', 'room occupancy issues', and 'differences in staff's competence'. Collectively, the findings indicate that BA constructively supports patients with emotional instability and self-harm during a period of crisis.
|
|
| 24. |
- Eckerström, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
-
Patient-Initiated Brief Admission for Individuals with Emotional Instability and Self-Harm : An Evaluation of Psychiatric Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 43:7, s. 593-602
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient-initiated brief admission (PIBA) was developed for patients with emotional instability and self-harm, to cope with crises. The hypothesis was that psychiatric symptoms would decrease, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) increase, after 1-3 days at hospital. One hundred and thirteen patients were recruited from a psychiatric clinic in Stockholm during 2016-2020. At admission and discharge, the patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the EuroQoL-5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D). The patients also evaluated PIBA as a crisis intervention. A significant decrease in symptoms of anxiety and depression was found. HRQoL increased significantly assessed with EQ-5D and 95.2% of the participants found PIBA to be a constructive intervention.
|
|
| 25. |
- Eklund, Lena K., et al.
(författare)
-
Mutation analysis of the human homologue of drosophila patched and the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A genes in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Molecular Carcinogenesis. - 0899-1987 .- 1098-2744. ; 21:2, s. 87-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH), located at chromosome 9q22.3, was recently identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene for familial and sporadic basal cell carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin display allelic loss in this chromosomal region, which, in addition to the PTCH gene, contains the DNA repair gene xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA). Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are predisposed to non-melanoma skin tumors because of deficient excision repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. Mutation analysis by single-strand conformation analysis and direct DNA sequencing of all 23 exons of the PTCH gene and all six exons of the XPA gene in 14 SCCs did not reveal structural alterations in any of these genes. Additionally, analysis of PTCH expression by in situ hybridization in SCCs revealed no evidence of upregulation of PTCH mRNA, confirming the lack of mutations in this gene. These findings suggest that another, yet to be identified gene or genes on chromosome 9q are involved in SCC tumorigenesis.
|
|
