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- Andersson, L-O, et al.
(författare)
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A new neutron beam facility
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 9th European Particle Accelerator Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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- Castro-Tirado, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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GRB 030227 : The first multiwavelength afterglow of an INTEGRAL GRB
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 411:1, s. 315-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present multiwavelength observations of a gamma-ray burst detected byINTEGRAL (GRB 030227) between 5.3 hours and ~ 1.7days after the event. Here we report the discovery of a dim opticalafterglow (OA) that would not have been detected by many previoussearches due to its faintess (R ~ 23). This OA was seen to declinefollowing a power law decay with index alpha R = -0.95 +/-0.16. The spectral index beta_ opt/NIR yielded -1.25 +/- 0.14. Thesevalues may be explained by a relativistic expansion of a fireball (withp = 2.0) in the cooling regime. We also find evidence for inverseCompton scattering in X-rays.Based on observations with INTEGRAL, an ESA project with instruments andscience data centre funded by ESA member states (especially the PIcountries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain), CzechRepublic and Poland, and with the participation of Russia and the USA.Also partially based on observations collected by the Gamma-Ray BurstCollaboration at ESO (GRACE) at the European Southern Observatory, Chile(ESO Large Programme 165.H-0464).
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- Larsson, Daniel H., et al.
(författare)
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Small-animal tomography with a liquid-metal-jet x-ray source
- 2012
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Ingår i: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819489623 ; , s. 83130N-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray tomography of small animals is an important tool for medical research. For high-resolution x-ray imaging of few-cm-thick samples such as, e.g., mice, high-brightness x-ray sources with energies in the few-10-keV range are required. In this paper we perform the first small-animal imaging and tomography experiments using liquid-metal-jet-anode x-ray sources. This type of source shows promise to increase the brightness of microfocus x-ray systems, but present sources are typically optimized for an energy of 9 keV. Here we describe the details of a high-brightness 24-keV electron-impact laboratory microfocus x-ray source based on continuous operation of a heated liquid-In/Ga-jet anode. The source normally operates with 40 W of electron-beam power focused onto the metal jet, producing a 7×7 μm 2 FWHM x-ray spot. The peak spectral brightness is 4 × 10 9 photons/( s × mm 2 × mrad 2 × 0.1%BW) at the 24.2 keV In K α line. We use the new In/Ga source and an existing Ga/In/Sn source for high-resolution imaging and tomography of mice.
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| 15. |
- Lundahl, L, et al.
(författare)
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Educational marketization the Swedish way
- 2013
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Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Umeaa Universitet: School of Education. - 2000-4508. ; 2013:3, s. 497-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has commonly been regarded as a striking example of a social democratic welfare-state regime (Esping-Andersen 1996), characterized by strong state governance and active involvement in welfare matters. In the last two decades, however, the Swedish public sector and education system have been radically and extensively transformed in a neo-liberal direction, a move that was preceded by extensive decentralization of decision-making from the state to municipalities and schools. In this article the scope, character and some of the consequences of internal and external marketization of Swedish education in the early 2000s are summarized, and the impact of competition on the internal workings of upper secondary schools is highlighted in particular. We conclude that the external marketization of education has proceeded a long way and Sweden also fully embraces new public management, i.e. ‘inner marketization’, of education in most respects. However, aspects of the older social democratic policy paradigm are still visible with regard to the assigned functions, values and governance of education.
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| 16. |
- Lundström, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic metals and field-effect devices—a useful combination
- 1990
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 1:1-6, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The properties of gas-sensitive field-effect devices with catalytic metal gates are described. We demonstrate especially how the selectivity of these sensors depends on parameters such as the choice of catalytic metal, the structure of the catalytic metal film and the operation temperature of the device. The sensitivity towards molecules like hydrogen, ammonia, ethanol and ethylene is demonstrated. The selectivity pattern of devices with catalytic metal gates is discussed in relation to the fabrication of multisensor arrays and the development of 'artificial olfactory senses'.
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- Lundström, M, et al.
(författare)
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Cataract surgery and quality of life in patients with age related macular degeneration
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 86:12, s. 1330-1335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The coexistence of cataract and age related macular degeneration (AMD) is not unusual, especially in the very elderly. The outcome of cataract surgery in these cases depends on the effect of AMD on vision. In this study the authors have compared the outcome of cataract patients with AMD to that of cataract patients with no vision threatening ocular comorbidity, and analysed possible predictors of good or poor outcome. Methods: An observational prospective study on consecutive cases operated for cataract during 1 month at six surgical departments affiliated to the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR). Data were collected according to the protocol of NCR and subjects completed the Catquest questionnaire before and 6 months after surgery. 90 subjects with AMD were compared to 335 subjects with no sight threatening ocular comorbidity. Results: Difficulties in performing various daily life activities improved significantly for AMD subjects after surgery (p<0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Satisfaction with vision also improved significantly after surgery (p<0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Activity level and independence were unchanged. Subjects with no ocular comorbidity had a still better outcome. The most important variable related to a good self assessed functional outcome was postoperative visual acuity irrespective of the presence of AMD. AMD subjects scheduled for second eye surgery and AMD subjects dissatisfied with their vision before surgery had a poorer outcome. Conclusion: Subjects with various stages of dry AMD and cataract improved their self assessed visual function and satisfaction with vision significantly after cataract extraction.
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- Lundström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Small-Animal microangiography using phase-contrast X-ray imaging and gas as contrast agent
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2014. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819498267 ; , s. 90331L-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging with gas as contrast agent To visualize The microvasculature in small animals like mice and rats. The radiation dose required for absorption X-ray imaging is proportional To The minus fourth power of The structure size To be detected. This makes small vessels impossible To image at reasonable radiation doses using The absorption of conventional iodinated contrast agents. Propagation-based phase contrast gives enhanced contrast for high spatial frequencies by moving The detector away from The sample To let phase variations in The Transmitted X-rays develop into intensity variations at The detector. Blood vessels are normally difficult To observe in phase contrast even with iodinated contrast agents as The density difference between blood and most Tissues is relatively small. By injecting gas into The blood stream This density difference can be greatly enhanced giving strong phase contrast. One possible gas To use is carbon dioxide, which is a clinically accepted X-ray contrast agent. The gas is injected into The blood stream of patients To Temporarily displace The blood in a region and Thereby reduce The X-ray absorption in The blood vessels. We have shown That This method can be used To image blood vessels down To 8 μm in diameter in mouse ears. The low dose requirements of This method indicate a potential for live small-Animal imaging and longitudinal studies of angiogenesis.
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| 25. |
- Lundström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray phase-contrast CO2 angiography for sub-10 mu m vessel imaging
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 57:22, s. 7431-7441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray in-line phase contrast has recently been combined with CO2 angiography for high-resolution small-animal vascular imaging at low radiation dose. In this paper we further investigate the potential and limitations of this method and demonstrate observation of vessels down to 8 mu m in diameter, considerably smaller than the 60 mu m previously reported. Our in-line phase-contrast imaging system is based on a liquid-metal-jet-anode x-ray source and utilizes free-space propagation to convert phase shifts, caused by refractive index variations, into intensity differences. Enhanced refractive index variations are obtained through injection of CO2 gas into the vascular system to replace the blood. We show rat-kidney images with blood vessels down to 27 mu m in diameter and mouse-ear images with vessels down to 8 mu m. The minimum size of observable blood vessels is found to be limited by the penetration of gas into the vascular system and the signal-to-noise ratio, i.e. the allowed dose. The diameters of vessels being gas-filled depend on the gas pressure and follow a simple model based on surface tension. A theoretical signal-to-noise comparison shows that this method requires 1000 times less radiation dose than conventional iodine-based absorption contrast for observing sub-50 mu m vessels.
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