| 1. |
- Collin, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Salivary biomarkers in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and healthy age-matched controls : a prospective observational study.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring the immune system's regulation and signaling using saliva could be of interest for clinicians and researchers. Saliva, a biofluid with close exchange with serum, is influenced by circadian variance and oral factors such as masticatory function. This study investigated the detectability and concentration of cytokines and chemokines in saliva in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as well as saliva flow and the influence of orofacial pain on saliva flow. Of the 60 participants (7-14 years old) enrolled, 30 had a diagnosis of JIA and active disease, and 30 were sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Demographic data and three validated questions regarding presence of orofacial pain and dysfunction were recorded. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and analyzed using a customized R&D bead-based immunoassay with 21 targeted biomarkers. Fourteen of these were detectable and showed similar levels in both children with JIA and controls: TNF-alpha, TNFRSF1B, MMP-2, MMP-3, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6R alpha, IL-8, S100A8, CCL2, CCL3, IL-10, CCL11, and CXCL9. In addition, there was no difference in salivary flow rate between groups, but there was an association between orofacial pain and reduced saliva flow rate for both groups.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol id: 2010/2089-31/2.
|
|
| 2. |
- Engelmark, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Polymorphisms in 9q32 and TSCOT are linked to cervical cancer in affected sib-pairs with high mean age at diagnosis
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 123:5, s. 437-443
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical cancer is a multifactorial disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. We have previously found linkage to 9q32 in a genomewide scan of affected sib-pairs (ASPs) with cervical cancer and to the thymic stromal co-transporter (TSCOT), a candidate gene in this region. Here we examined the contribution of 9q32 and TSCOT to cervical cancer susceptibility using at larger material of 641 ASPs, 278 of which were included in the earlier genome-scan. Since heritable forms of cancer frequently show stronger genetic effects in families with early onset of disease, we stratified the ASPs into two groups based on mean age at diagnosis (MAAD) within sib-pairs. Surprisingly, ASPs with high MAAD (30.5-47.5 years) showed increased sharing at all microsatellite markers at 9q31.1-33.1 and linkage signals of up to MLS = 2.74 for TSCOT SNPs, while ASPs with low MAAD (19-30 years) showed no deviation from random genetic sharing (MLS = 0.00). The difference in allelic sharing between the two MAAD strata was significant (P < 0.005) and is not likely to be explained by the HLA haplotype, a previously known genetic susceptibility factor for cervical cancer. Our results indicate locus heterogeneity in the susceptibility to cervical cancer between the two strata, with polymorphisms in the 9q32 region mainly showing an effect in women with high MAAD.
|
|
| 3. |
- Engelmark, Malin T., et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of susceptibility loci for cervical carcinoma by genome scan of affected sib-pairs
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 15:22, s. 3351-3360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical cancer is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. Infection by oncogenic types of human papillomavirus is recognized as the major environmental risk factor and epidemiological studies indicate that host genetic factors predispose to disease development. A number of genetic susceptibility factors have been proposed, but with exception of the human leukocyte antigen CHLA, class II, have not shown consistent results among studies. We have performed the first genomewide linkage scan using 278 affected sib-pairs to identify loci involved in susceptibility to cervical cancer. A two-step qualitative non-parametric linkage analysis using 387 microsatellites with an average spacing of 10.5 cM revealed excess allelic sharing at nine regions on eight chromosomes. These regions were further analysed with 125 markers to increase the map density to 1.28 cM. Nominal significant linkage was found for three of the nine loci [9q32 (maximum lod-score, MLS) =1.95, P < 0.002), 12q24 (MLS=1.25, P < 0.015) and 16q24 (MLS=1.35, P < 0.012)]. These three regions have previously been connected to human cancers that share characteristics with cervical carcinoma, such as esophageal cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. A number of candidate genes involved in defence against viral infections, immune response and tumour suppression are found in these regions. One such gene is the thymic stromal co-transporter (TSCOT). Analyses of TSCOT single nucleotide polymorphisms further strengthen the linkage to this region (MLS=2.40, P < 0.001). We propose that the 9q32 region contains susceptibility locus for cervical cancer and that TSCOT is a candidate gene potentially involved in the genetic predisposition to this disease.
|
|
| 4. |
- Helenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Contrast enhancement in bladder tumors examined with CT urography using traditional scan phases
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 55:9, s. 1129-1136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Bladder assessment in an early contrast-enhancing computed tomography urography (CTU) phase requires that bladder tumors be enhanced using contrast material.PURPOSE:To investigate the enhancement pattern in bladder tumors using a CTU protocol where the scan is enhancement triggered.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Fifty patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were examined during the unenhanced (UP), corticomedullary (CMP), and excretory phases (EP). Twenty-one patients, all aged 50 years or older, were also examined during the nephrographic phase (NP). A ROI placed in the aorta was used to start the scan during the CMP when the attenuation reached 200 Hounsfield units (HU). The NP and EP were started with a 40 s and 300 s delay, respectively, after the CMP was finished. Attenuation and size measurements were made in the axial plane.RESULTS:Mean contrast enhancement of bladder tumors was 37, 25, and 17 HU in the CMP, NP, and EP, respectively. The differences in contrast enhancement were significant across all three phases. Eighty-eight percent of patients showed the highest contrast enhancement in the CMP. In 96% of the cases, contrast enhancement >20 HU was seen. The mean value of the shortest dimension of the bladder tumors was 22 ± 12 mm.CONCLUSION:The contrast enhancement is significantly higher in the CMP than in the NP and EP, suggesting that the CMP is preferable when assessing the bladder in the early contrast enhancing phase.
|
|
| 5. |
- Leksell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived Oral Health and Care of Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : A Qualitative Study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : Quintessence Publishing. - 2333-0384 .- 2333-0376. ; 29:3, s. 223-230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To increase knowledge about how children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) perceive their oral health and dental care. Methods: Fifteen interviews with children diagnosed with JIA, aged 6 to 16 years, were analyzed according to classical grounded theory. Results: The children's main concern about their oral health was identified as creating a positive identity after being diagnosed with JIA and learning to live with oral health problems. While attempting to cope with this concern, the children often endured in silence, the core category in the analysis. A variety of aspects were found of this core coping strategy, which were categorized as differentiating from the disease, working on personal caretaking and positive attitude, fighting fears and sadness, control of professional aid, and building supportive relationships. The results emphasize the importance for caregivers to show empathy and interest in the child as a person, to ask precise questions when taking case histories so the child does not remain silent, to provide psychosocial support and suggest positive coping strategies, to describe and administer treatments, and to give hope for the future. Conclusion: Awareness of the social interaction between a child diagnosed with JIA and health professionals as well as awareness of how to approach a child with longstanding illness are crucial for disclosing and treating the child's orofacial symptoms.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ljungberg, Adina, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of quality of urinary bladder filling in CT urography with different doses of furosemide in the work-up of patients with macroscopic hematuria
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 27:1, s. 136-141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The protocol for preparation of computed tomography urography (CTU) examinations at our hospital was changed in 2013 to improve the quality of urinary bladder filling in the excretory phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of urinary bladder filling on CTU after different doses of furosemide were administered to patients with macroscopic hematuria.METHODS: The cohort was 215 patients who underwent elective CTU due to macroscopic hematuria between 2014 and 2018. 5 mg furosemide were administrated to 100 patients, 2.5 mg to 100 patients and 0 mg to 15 patients. Contrast medium layered bladders were excluded, leaving 193 patients: 92, 89 and 12 in each group. Urinary bladder volume was calculated in corticomedullary (CMP) and excretory phase (EP). Bladder distension was classified as satisfactory or not. Attenuation of bladder content in EP was noted.RESULTS: Average volume in EP was 370 ± 224 ml (28-1052) after 5 mg furosemide, 274 ± 120 ml (43-628) after 2.5 mg and 180 ± 104 ml (53-351) after 0 mg. 85% of the bladders were satisfactory distended after 5 mg, 80% after 2.5 mg and 58% after 0 mg. Average attenuation was 266 ± 89 HU (103-524) after 5 mg, 362 ± 156 HU (118-948) after 2.5 mg and 761 ± 331 HU (347-1206) after 0 mg. The differences in volume and attenuation were significant.CONCLUSION: 5 mg furosemide is preferred rather than 2.5 mg in preparation for CTU examinations of patients with macroscopic hematuria. There was no difference between the doses concerning rate of satisfactory bladder distension, but the higher dose resulted in larger bladder volume and more suitable attenuation of bladder content.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Development of CTU-image quality could improve bladder cancer diagnostics.
|
|
| 7. |
- Magnusson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
A description of a contemporary human skull material in respect of age, gender, temporomandibular joint changes, and some dental variables
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 32:2, s. 69-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controversy exists concerning the etiological factors behind degenerative changes in the temporomandibularjoints (TMJs). Occlusal factors, ageing, gender and genetics are some factors that have been discussed.The aim of the present study was to examine a contemporary human skull material in respect of gender, age, occlusal variables and form and surface changes in the temporomandibular joints.The material consisted of 259 human skulls, 170 males and 89 females, with an age range of 18-100 years.The over all dental status was poor, and 22% were edentulous. Both medio-lateral and antero-posterior dimensions as well as anterior and superior shape of the condyles were in good agreement with previous results. Form and surface changes of both the condyles and the temporal components were, however, more common in the present material compared to most previous studies. Men had on average more degenerative changes in the TMJs compared to women. In agreement with many previous studies, there was an increase of such changes with increasing age. Severe tooth attrition was a common finding, especially in men, but no correlation was found between this variable and the severity of degenerative changes in the TMJs. Abfractions were found in only 3 cases. Considering the common finding of severe tooth attrition,the rare occurrence of abfractions does not lend support to the hypothesis that abfractions are mainly caused by occlusal loading. In conclusion: Condylar dimensions and shape of the condyles were in good agreement with previously presented results. Severe tooth attrition and pronounced degenerative changes in the TMJs were common findings but no statistically significant association was found between these two variables.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ali, Abukar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
CTLA4-Ig but not anti-TNF therapy promotes staphylococcal septic arthritis in mice.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 212:8, s. 1308-1316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of biologics has greatly increased the quality of life as well as the life expectancy of many RA patients. However, a large number of these patients are at an increased risk of developing serious infections. The aim of this study was to examine differential effects of anti-TNF versus CTLA4-Ig treatment on both immunological response and host defense in a murine model of septic arthritis.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ali, Abukar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment Aggravates Staphylococcal Septic Arthritis and Sepsis in Mice.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is the primary therapy against autoinflammatory syndromes with robust efficacy in reducing systemic inflammation and associated organ injury. However, patients receiving IL-1Ra might be at increased risk of acquiring serious infections.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Araghi, Marzieh, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of moist oral snuff (snus) and pancreatic cancer : Pooled analysis of nine prospective observational studies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:4, s. 687-693
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While smoking is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the effect of smokeless tobacco is less well understood. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between Swedish snus use and the risk of pancreatic cancer. A total of 424,152 male participants from nine cohort studies were followed up for risk of pancreatic cancer through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors. During 9,276,054 person-years of observation, 1,447 men developed pancreatic cancer. Compared to never-snus use, current snus use was not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83-1.11) after adjustment for smoking. Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer in men. Tobacco smoke constituents other than nicotine or its metabolites may account for the relationship between smoking and pancreatic cancer. What's new? While smoking is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the effect of smokeless tobacco is less well understood. Smokeless tobacco like snus yields lower exposure to tobacco carcinogens compared with smoking, because it does not undergo combustion, but delivers an equivalent dose of nicotine. Using pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use, here the authors show that Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer in men. Tobacco smoke constituents other than nicotine or its metabolites may account for the relationship between smoking and pancreatic cancer.
|
|
| 13. |
- Barjandi, Golnaz, et al.
(författare)
-
Comorbid Conditions in Temporomandibular Disorders Myalgia and Myofascial Pain Compared to Fibromyalgia
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of comorbidities in fibromyalgia (FM) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been well documented, but whether TMD sub-diagnoses myalgia (MYA) and myofascial pain with referral (MFP) differ regarding comorbidity is unclear. We aimed to elucidate this by studying the presence and associations of comorbidities in FM, MFP and MYA. An extended version of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD axis II questionnaire was used to examine demographics, pain and comorbidities in 81 patients with FM, 80 with MYA, and 81 with MFP. Patients with MFP and FM reported a higher percentage of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, perceived stress, and insomnia compared to MYA. Patients with FM had more IBS, depression, and somatic symptom disorder versus MFP. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants with anxiety, somatic symptoms disorder, pain catastrophizing, and perceived stress, as well as a greater number of comorbidities, were more likely to have MFP than MYA, whereas FM participants were more associated with IBS, somatic symptoms and insomnia compared to MFP. The number of comorbidities was significantly associated with widespread pain but not pain duration, body mass index or being on sick leave. In conclusion, patients with MFP were more similar to those with FM regarding comorbidity and should be differentiated from MYA in clinical settings and pain management.
|
|
| 14. |
- Bellström, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Canvas som plattform för digitala krisövningar : Några första resultat från en demonstrationsövning
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Kursdesign i Canvas. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 9789178671540 - 9789178671588 ; , s. 11-42
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Övning ger färdighet och det gäller inte bara i traditionell undervisning utan också vid krisledning. Krisledning kännetecknas av att medlemmarna i en krisledningsgrupp ska ansvara för sina respektive verksamhetsområden och genom snabb interaktion och samordning över verksamhetsgränserna mildra effekterna av krisen för organisationen eller samhället som helhet. Det innebär att rollmedvetenhet och kommunikationsförmåga måste tränas för den enskilde så väl som för gruppen som helhet. På gruppnivå är också samverkan och koordinering internt och externt viktigt att öva. Tidigare studier visar att organisationer är intresserade av möjligheten att öva mer via digitala verktyg (Wik et al., 2017). Inom ramen för det till och med 2021 pågående Interregprojektet CriseIT 2 utvecklar vi ett koncept för övningsstöd baserat på lärplattformar. Kapitlet beskriver genom en fallstudie hur en seminarieövning kan genomföras med stöd av lärplattformen Canvas. Data till studien har samlats in genom observationer, enkäter, storgruppsdiskussion och deltagarnas indata till Canvas. Erfarenheter från fallstudien sammanfattas i möjligheter, problem och förbättringsbehov kopplade till Canvas och övningsdesignen, och rekommendationer ges både för krisövning och för undervisning baserad på problematisering och dilemmaövningar i klassrummet.
|
|
| 15. |
- Beskow, Anna H., et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction of host and viral risk factors for development of cervical carcinoma in situ
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 117:4, s. 690-692
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infection by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical carcinoma. Several host genetic and viral factors have been reported to increase the risk of carcinoma development given an HPV infection. In our study, we have analysed the contribution of HPV 16 E6 sequence subtype and allelic variation at human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II loci to the risk of developing cervical carcinoma in situ. Non-European-like HPV 16 E6 sequence subtypes were not found to be associated with an increased risk of cervical carcinoma, as compared to European-like variants. However, an association was found between the HPV 16 E6 L83V variant and the DR*04-DQ*03 haplotype. This association has been observed in several independent studies and shows that both the host HLA class II genotype and viral subtype will affect the risk of an infection progressing into cervical carcinoma.
|
|
| 16. |
- Björkqvist, Olle, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increases following fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 16:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, the fecal transplant's causal components translating into clearance of the CDI are yet to be identified. The commensal bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii may be of great interest in this context, since it is one of the most common species of the healthy gut microbiota and produces metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties. Although there is mounting evidence that F. prausnitzii is an important regulator of intestinal homeostasis, data about its role in CDI and FMT are relatively scarce.METHODS: Stool samples from patients with recurrent CDI were collected to investigate the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii before and after FMT. Twenty-one patients provided fecal samples before the FMT procedure, at 2 weeks post-FMT, and at 2-4 months post-FMT. The relative abundance of F. prausnitzii was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The abundance of F. prausnitzii was elevated in samples (N = 9) from donors compared to pre-FMT samples (N = 15) from patients (adjusted P<0.001). No significant difference in the abundance of F. prausnitzii between responders (N = 11) and non-responders (N = 4) was found before FMT (P = 0.85). In patients with CDI, the abundance of F. prausnitzii significantly increased in the 2 weeks post-FMT samples (N = 14) compared to the pre-FMT samples (N = 15, adjusted P<0.001). The increase persisted 2-4 months post-FMT (N = 15) compared to pre-FMT samples (N = 15) (adjusted P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: FMT increases the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii in patients with recurrent CDI, and this microbial shift remains several months later. The baseline abundance of F. prausnitzii in donors or recipients was not associated with future treatment response, although a true predictive capacity cannot be excluded because of the limited sample size. Further studies are needed to discern whether F. prausnitzii plays an active role in the resolution of CDI.
|
|
| 17. |
- Carstensen, John, et al.
(författare)
-
How does comorbidity influence healthcare costs? A population-based cross-sectional study of depression, back pain and osteoarthritis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2, s. e000809-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To analyse how comorbidity among patients with back pain, depression and osteoarthritis influences healthcare costs per patient. A special focus was made on the distribution of costs for primary healthcare compared with specialist care, hospital care and drugs.Design Population-based cross-sectional study.Setting The County of Östergötland, Sweden.Patients Data on diagnoses and healthcare costs for all 266 354 individuals between 20 and 75 years of age, who were residents of the County of Östergötland, Sweden, in the year 2006, were extracted from the local healthcare register and the national register of drug prescriptions.Main outcome measures The effects of comorbidity on healthcare costs were estimated as interactions in regression models that also included age, sex, number of other health conditions and education.Results The largest diagnosed group was back pain (11 178 patients) followed by depression (7412 patients) and osteoarthritis (5174 patients). The largest comorbidity subgroup was the combination of back pain and depression (772 patients), followed by the combination of back pain and osteoarthritis (527 patients) and the combination of depression and osteoarthritis (206 patients). For patients having both a depression diagnosis and a back pain diagnosis, there was a significant negative interaction effect on total healthcare costs. The average healthcare costs among patients with depression and back pain was SEK 11 806 lower for a patient with both diagnoses. In this comorbidity group, there were tendencies of a positive interaction for general practitioner visits and negative interactions for all other visits and hospital days. Small or no interactions at all were seen between depression diagnoses and osteoarthritis diagnoses.Conclusions A small increase in primary healthcare visits in comorbid back pain and depression patients was accompanied with a substantial reduction in total healthcare costs and in hospital costs. Our results can be of value in analysing the cost effects of comorbidity and how the coordination of primary and secondary care may have an impact on healthcare costs.
|
|
| 18. |
- Ceder, Mikaela M., et al.
(författare)
-
The glycine receptor alpha 3 subunit mRNA expression shows sex-dependent differences in the adult mouse brain
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2202. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The glycinergic system plays an important inhibitory role in the mouse central nervous system, where glycine controls the excitability of spinal itch- and pain-mediating neurons. Impairments of the glycine receptors can cause motor and sensory deficits. Glycine exerts inhibition through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels composed of alpha and beta subunits. We have investigated the mRNA expression of the glycine receptor alpha 3 (Glra3) subunit in the nervous system as well as in several peripheral organs of female and male mice.Results Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis on the Zeisel et al. (2018) dataset indicated widespread but low expression of Glra3 in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2, Slc17a6) positive and vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (Viaat, Slc32a1)positive neurons of the mouse central nervous system. Highest occurrence of Glra3 expression was identified in the cortex, amygdala, and striatal regions, as well as in the hypothalamus, brainstem and spinal cord. Bulk quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated Glra3 expression in cortex, amygdala, striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Additionally, male mice expressed higher levels of Glra3 in all investigated brain areas compared with female mice. Lastly, RNAscope spatially validated Glra3 expression in the areas indicated by the single-cell and bulk analyses. Moreover, RNAscope analysis confirmed co-localization of Glra3 with Slc17a6 or Slc32a1 in the central nervous system areas suggested from the single-cell data.Conclusions Glra3 expression is low but widespread in the mouse central nervous system. Clear sex-dependent differences have been identified, indicating higher levels of Glra3 in several telencephalic and diencephalic areas, as well as in cerebellum and brainstem, in male mice compared with female mice.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Darnell, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Lipopolysaccharide induced-in vivo increases in beta-defensins of the rat parotid gland.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Archives of oral biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9969. ; 51:9, s. 769-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial beta-defensins are thought to protect epithelial surfaces. Their mobilization in response to inflammation was studied in the rat parotid gland using an ELISA assay. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), injected into the parotid duct on one side, induced a marked local inflammatory response in the parotid gland as judged by several fold increases in myeloperoxidase activity and, in histological sections, infiltration of neutrophils. Three hours after the injection, beta-defensin 1 and 3 were increased (by 41% and 15%, respectively, P<0.01) as compared to the contralateral gland. Though still elevated 6h after the injection, the percentage figures for beta-defensin 1 were, at this time, somewhat lower (30%) compared to the situation at 3h, while those for defensin 3 were significantly higher 65% (P<0.01); neither at the early nor at the late time of observation were any changes in the level of beta-defensin 2 observed. The beta-defensins under study were not detected in submandibular and sublingual glands, neither were they detected in the inflamed submandibular gland, showing also here several fold increases in myeloperoxidase activity and, in addition, the presence of inflammatory cells, following ductal injection of LPS towards the gland.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Djuric Ilic, Danica, et al.
(författare)
-
Stockholms fjärrvärmenät idag och imorgon : en tvärvetenskaplig studie av ett regionalt energisystem
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fjärrvärme spelar en viktig roll i strävan mot ett hållbart samhälle. Därför har vi i denna studie studerat Stockholms fjärrvärmenät och de aktörer som påverkar dess utformning. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka drivkrafter och hinder för att utveckla fjärrvärmenäten i Stockholm. Vidare har syftet varit att studera hur aktörerna samverkar på kommunal och regional nivå för att bibehålla och/ eller vidareutveckla energisamarbeten. Fjärrvärmenätet har modellerats utifrån sex olika scenarier i optimeringsprogrammet MODEST. Genom scenarierna har vi kunnat testa dagens nät med bättre sammankopplingar, byggande av kraftvärmeverk samt naturgas som bränsle i kraftvärmeverken. Vidare har kvalitativa intervjuer med kommuner, energibolag, intresse- och branschorganisationer samt regionala aktörer genomförts. Studien visar att Stockholms fjärrvärmenät redan idag är väl sammankopplat vilket innebär att de ekonomiska vinsterna med ytterligare sammankopplingar inte är särskilt stora. Modelleringarna pekar dock på att byggande av kraftvärme, både med biobränsle och med naturgas, har en viss ekonomisk potential. En positiv effekt är också minskningen av de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser. Vinster med samarbeten och sammankopplingar från energibolagens sida är framförallt ökad driftsäkerhet och driftsoptimering samt möjligheten att samordna revisioner. För att samarbeten ska fungera är dock ekonomisk vinst för samtliga parter samt jämlika förhållanden dem emellan en förutsättning. Det är inte tekniska problem som hindrar utökade sammankopplingar, snarare är det ökat behov av planering och administration som försvårar utökat samarbete mellan bolag. Genom resultatet från intervjuerna kan slutsatsen dras att ett glapp finns i synen på samverkan mellan bolag och kommuner. Detta oavsett om bolagen är kommunalt eller privat ägda. Att energibolagen ska drivas på bolagsmässiga grunder kan vara en förklaring till detta. Energiplanering från kommunernas perspektiv har kommit att handla om klimatfrågan i hög utsträckning och ses ofta som synonymt med miljöarbete. Energiplaneringen har därmed fått högre status och flyttats närmre kommunledning. Samtidigt sker energiplanering på många olika nivåer, inom och mellan kommunerna samt på regional nivå, vilket gör det svårt att få ett samlat grepp om frågan. Också bolagen har olika syn på det regionala perspektivet vilket pekar på att det saknas ett fungerande regionalt organ där bolag och kommuner kan samverka. Även om både energibolagen och kommunerna är positivt inställda till fjärrvärme som teknik ser framtiden för fjärrvärmebranschen något osäker ut. Minskade värmelaster på grund av energieffektiviseringar och klimatförändringar bidrar till osäkerheten. Samtidigt väntar en utredning om tredjepartstillträde som potentiellt kan innebära stora förändringar för branschen. Genom att alla bygger kraftvärme kan det vara ett sätt att ändra marknadsinriktning från värme till el för att ge ökad lönsamhet. Det går inte heller att bortse från att Stockholmsregionen har goda förutsättningar för att införa ett tredjepartstillträde där kunderna själva kan välja fjärrvärmeleverantör.
|
|
| 23. |
- Edfors-Lilja, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic variation in Con A induced interleukin 2 production by porcine blood mononuclear cells
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2427 .- 1873-2534. ; 27:4, s. 351-363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variation in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied in blood collected from 96 piglets, a aged 7 weeks. The piglets were the offspring of seven sires and 24 dams. Pronounced differences between litters from various dams were observed in the immune parameters measured. Also, large individual differences in the magnitudes of Con A-induced proliferation and IL-2 production were seen for PBMC collected from individual pigs within each litter. Both the time course and magnitude of IL-2 activity showed genetic variation, as results from the offspring of the seven sires differed significantly. However, only the time course, not the magnitude, of proliferation differed among the offspring groups. It was possible to establish a rank order for the sires based on the IL-2 production of PBMC by their offspring. As IL-2 has a key role in regulating the immune response, mitogen-induced IL-2 activity seems to be a good candidate as a general marker for cell-mediated immunity in pigs.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
