| 1. |
- Bosson, J. K., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422. ; 52:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB's distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.
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| 2. |
- Brunner, Fabian J., et al.
(författare)
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Application of non-HDL cholesterol for population-based cardiovascular risk stratification : results from the Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 394:10215, s. 2173-2183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relevance of blood lipid concentrations to long-term incidence of cardiovascular disease and the relevance of lipid-lowering therapy for cardiovascular disease outcomes is unclear. We investigated the cardiovascular disease risk associated with the full spectrum of bloodstream non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. We also created an easy-to-use tool to estimate the long-term probabilities for a cardiovascular disease event associated with non-HDL cholesterol and modelled its risk reduction by lipid-lowering treatment.Methods: In this risk-evaluation and risk-modelling study, we used Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium data from 19 countries across Europe, Australia, and North America. Individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline and with robust available data on cardiovascular disease outcomes were included. The primary composite endpoint of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was defined as the occurrence of the coronary heart disease event or ischaemic stroke. Sex-specific multivariable analyses were computed using non-HDL cholesterol categories according to the European guideline thresholds, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, and classical modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In a derivation and validation design, we created a tool to estimate the probabilities of a cardiovascular disease event by the age of 75 years, dependent on age, sex, and risk factors, and the associated modelled risk reduction, assuming a 50% reduction of non-HDL cholesterol.Findings: Of the 524 444 individuals in the 44 cohorts in the Consortium database, we identified 398 846 individuals belonging to 38 cohorts (184 055 [48·7%] women; median age 51·0 years [IQR 40·7–59·7]). 199 415 individuals were included in the derivation cohort (91 786 [48·4%] women) and 199 431 (92 269 [49·1%] women) in the validation cohort. During a maximum follow-up of 43·6 years (median 13·5 years, IQR 7·0–20·1), 54 542 cardiovascular endpoints occurred. Incidence curve analyses showed progressively higher 30-year cardiovascular disease event-rates for increasing non-HDL cholesterol categories (from 7·7% for non-HDL cholesterol <2·6 mmol/L to 33·7% for ≥5·7 mmol/L in women and from 12·8% to 43·6% in men; p<0·0001). Multivariable adjusted Cox models with non-HDL cholesterol lower than 2·6 mmol/L as reference showed an increase in the association between non-HDL cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular disease for both sexes (from hazard ratio 1·1, 95% CI 1·0–1·3 for non-HDL cholesterol 2·6 to <3·7 mmol/L to 1·9, 1·6–2·2 for ≥5·7 mmol/L in women and from 1·1, 1·0–1·3 to 2·3, 2·0–2·5 in men). The derived tool allowed the estimation of cardiovascular disease event probabilities specific for non-HDL cholesterol with high comparability between the derivation and validation cohorts as reflected by smooth calibration curves analyses and a root mean square error lower than 1% for the estimated probabilities of cardiovascular disease. A 50% reduction of non-HDL cholesterol concentrations was associated with reduced risk of a cardiovascular disease event by the age of 75 years, and this risk reduction was greater the earlier cholesterol concentrations were reduced.Interpretation: Non-HDL cholesterol concentrations in blood are strongly associated with long-term risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We provide a simple tool for individual long-term risk assessment and the potential benefit of early lipid-lowering intervention. These data could be useful for physician–patient communication about primary prevention strategies.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Makarova, Kira S, et al.
(författare)
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An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1740-1526 .- 1740-1534. ; 13:11, s. 722-736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of CRISPR-cas loci, which encode adaptive immune systems in archaea and bacteria, involves rapid changes, in particular numerous rearrangements of the locus architecture and horizontal transfer of complete loci or individual modules. These dynamics complicate straightforward phylogenetic classification, but here we present an approach combining the analysis of signature protein families and features of the architecture of cas loci that unambiguously partitions most CRISPR-cas loci into distinct classes, types and subtypes. The new classification retains the overall structure of the previous version but is expanded to now encompass two classes, five types and 16 subtypes. The relative stability of the classification suggests that the most prevalent variants of CRISPR-Cas systems are already known. However, the existence of rare, currently unclassifiable variants implies that additional types and subtypes remain to be characterized.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Beyer, Anja-Silke, et al.
(författare)
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Engulfment adapter PTB domain containing 1 interacts with and affects processing of the amyloid-beta precursor protein
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 33:4, s. 732-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies identified engulfment adapter phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain containing 1 (GULP1) as an NPXY-motif interactor of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and suggested a potential relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since AD associated proteins amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein (APP) and LRP1 were shown to interact with the PTB domain of Fe65 and several other adapters via their intracellular NPXY-motifs, we examined a possible interaction of GULP1 PTB domain with the YENPTY-motif of APP. Here we demonstrate that GULP1 is present in human hippocampal and neocortical neurons. Confocal live cell imaging revealed that coexpressed and endogenous GULP1 colocalizes with APP in the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of the interacting domains by co-immunoprecipitation of point and deletion mutants revealed that the interaction depends on the PTB domain of GULP1 and the YENPTY-motif of APP. Coexpression of GULP1 affected APP cell surface localization and suppressed generation of Abeta40/42 and sAPPalpha. Taken together, these data identify GULP1 as a novel neuronal APP interacting protein that alters trafficking and processing of APP.
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| 8. |
- Boldinova, Elizaveta O., et al.
(författare)
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DNA Damage Tolerance by Eukaryotic DNA Polymerase and Primase PrimPol
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 18:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PrimPol is a human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase that also possesses primase activity and is involved in DNA damage tolerance, the prevention of genome instability and mitochondrial DNA maintenance. In this review, we focus on recent advances in biochemical and crystallographic studies of PrimPol, as well as in identification of new protein-protein interaction partners. Furthermore, we discuss the possible functions of PrimPol in both the nucleus and the mitochondria.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Brouns, Stan J, et al.
(författare)
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Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 321:5891, s. 960-964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prokaryotes acquire virus resistance by integrating short fragments of viral nucleic acid into clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). Here we show how virus-derived sequences contained in CRISPRs are used by CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins from the host to mediate an antiviral response that counteracts infection. After transcription of the CRISPR, a complex of Cas proteins termed Cascade cleaves a CRISPR RNA precursor in each repeat and retains the cleavage products containing the virus-derived sequence. Assisted by the helicase Cas3, these mature CRISPR RNAs then serve as small guide RNAs that enable Cascade to interfere with virus proliferation. Our results demonstrate that the formation of mature guide RNAs by the CRISPR RNA endonuclease subunit of Cascade is a mechanistic requirement for antiviral defense.
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| 11. |
- Bujakowska, Kinga, et al.
(författare)
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Study of Gene-Targeted Mouse Models of Splicing Factor Gene Prpf31 Implicated in Human Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1552-5783. ; 50:12, s. 5927-5933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE. Pre-mRNA processing factor 31 (PRPF31) is a ubiquitous protein needed for the assembly of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery. It has been shown that mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa 11 (RP11), which is characterized by rod-cell degeneration. Interestingly, mutations in this ubiquitously expressed gene do not lead to phenotypes other than retinal malfunction. Furthermore, the dominant inheritance pattern has shown incomplete penetrance, which poses interesting questions about the disease mechanism of RP11. METHODS. To characterize PRPF31 function in the rod cells, two animal models have been generated. One was a heterozygous knock-in mouse (Prpf31(A216P/+)) carrying a point mutation p.A216P, which has previously been identified in RP11 patients. The second was a heterozygous knockout mouse (Prpf31(+/-)). Retinal degeneration in RP11 mouse models was monitored by electroretinography and histology. RESULTS. Generation of the mouse models is presented, as are results of ERGs and retinal morphology. No degenerative phenotype on fundus examination was found in Prpf31(A216P/+) and Prpf31(+/-) mice. Prpf31(A216P/A216P) and Prpf31(-/-) genotypes were embryonic lethal. CONCLUSIONS. The results imply that Prpf31 is necessary for survival, and there is no compensation mechanism in mouse for the lack of this splicing factor. The authors suggest that p.A216P mutation in Prpf31 does not exert a dominant negative effect and that one Prpf31 wild-type allele is sufficient for maintenance of the healthy retina in mice.
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| 12. |
- Callaghan, Terry, et al.
(författare)
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The changing, living tundra: a tribute to Yuri Chernov
- 2009
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Ingår i: Species and communities in extreme environments: Festschrift towards the 75th Anniversary and Laudatio in Houro of Acadmician Yuri Ivanovich Chernov. - 9789546424525 - 9789546424532 ; , s. 13-52
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Chylinski, Krzysztof, et al.
(författare)
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Classification and evolution of type II CRISPR-Cas systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 42:10, s. 6091-6105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CRISPR-Cas systems of archaeal and bacterial adaptive immunity are classified into three types that differ by the repertoires of CRISPR-associated (cas) genes, the organization of cas operons and the structure of repeats in the CRISPR arrays. The simplest among the CRISPR-Cas systems is type II in which the endonuclease activities required for the interference with foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are concentrated in a single multidomain protein, Cas9, and are guided by a co-processed dual-tracrRNA: crRNA molecule. This compact enzymatic machinery and readily programmable site-specific DNA targeting make type II systems top candidates for a new generation of powerful tools for genomic engineering. Here we report an updated census of CRISPR-Cas systems in bacterial and archaeal genomes. Type II systems are the rarest, missing in archaea, and represented in similar to 5% of bacterial genomes, with an over-representation among pathogens and commensals. Phylogenomic analysis suggests that at least three cas genes, cas1, cas2 and cas4, and the CRISPR repeats of the type II-B system were acquired via recombination with a type I CRISPR-Cas locus. Distant homologs of Cas9 were identified among proteins encoded by diverse transposons, suggesting that type II CRISPR-Cas evolved via recombination of mobile nuclease genes with type I loci.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- de Laat, A. T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Validation of five years (2003-2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 3:5, s. 1457-1471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a validation study of SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) carbon monoxide (CO) total column measurements from the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method (IMLM) algorithm using ground-based spectrometer observations from twenty surface stations for the five year time period of 2003-2007. Overall we find a good agreement between SCIAMACHY and ground-based observations for both mean values as well as seasonal variations. For high-latitude Northern Hemisphere stations absolute differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements are close to or fall within the SCIAMACHY CO 2 sigma precision of 0.2 x 10(18) molecules/cm(2) (similar to 10%) indicating that SCIAMACHY can observe CO accurately at high Northern Hemisphere latitudes. For Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude stations the validation is complicated due to the vicinity of emission sources for almost all stations, leading to higher ground-based measurements compared to SCIAMACHY CO within its typical sampling area of 8 degrees x 8 degrees. Comparisons with Northern Hemisphere mountain stations are hampered by elevation effects. After accounting for these effects, the validation provides satisfactory results. At Southern Hemisphere mid-to high latitudes SCIAMACHY is systematically lower than the ground-based measurements for 2003 and 2004, but for 2005 and later years the differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements fall within the SCIAMACHY precision. The 2003-2004 bias is consistent with previously reported results although its origin remains under investigation. No other systematic spatial or temporal biases could be identified based on the validation presented in this paper. Validation results are robust with regard to the choices of the instrument-noise error filter, sampling area, and time averaging required for the validation of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements. Finally, our results show that the spatial coverage of the ground-based measurements available for the validation of the 2003-2007 SCIAMACHY CO columns is sub-optimal for validation purposes, and that the recent and ongoing expansion of the ground-based network by carefully selecting new locations may be very beneficial for SCIAMACHY CO and other satellite trace gas measurements validation efforts.
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| 16. |
- Drobysheva, Arina V., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and function of virion RNA polymerase of a crAss-like phage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 589:7841, s. 306-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The RNA polymerase from the crAss-like bacteriophage phi14:2, which is translocated into the host cell with phage DNA and transcribes early phage genes, is structurally most similar to eukaryotic RNA interference polymerases, suggesting that the latter have a phage origin. CrAss-like phages are a recently described expansive group of viruses that includes the most abundant virus in the human gut(1-3). The genomes of all crAss-like phages encode a large virion-packaged protein(2,4) that contains a DFDxD sequence motif, which forms the catalytic site in cellular multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs)(5). Here, using Cellulophaga baltica crAss-like phage phi14:2 as a model system, we show that this protein is a DNA-dependent RNAP that is translocated into the host cell along with the phage DNA and transcribes early phage genes. We determined the crystal structure of this 2,180-residue enzyme in a self-inhibited state, which probably occurs before virion packaging. This conformation is attained with the help of a cleft-blocking domain that interacts with the active site and occupies the cavity in which the RNA-DNA hybrid binds. Structurally, phi14:2 RNAP is most similar to eukaryotic RNAPs that are involved in RNA interference(6,7), although most of the phi14:2 RNAP structure (nearly 1,600 residues) maps to a new region of the protein fold space. Considering this structural similarity, we propose that eukaryal RNA interference polymerases have their origins in phage, which parallels the emergence of the mitochondrial transcription apparatus(8).
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Fonfara, Ines, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of Cas9 determines functional exchangeability of dual-RNA and Cas9 among orthologous type II CRISPR-Cas systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 42:4, s. 2577-2590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CRISPR-Cas-derived RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease is the key element of an emerging promising technology for genome engineering in a broad range of cells and organisms. The DNA-targeting mechanism of the type II CRISPR-Cas system involves maturation of tracrRNA: crRNA duplex (dual-RNA), which directs Cas9 to cleave invading DNA in a sequence-specific manner, dependent on the presence of a Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) on the target. We show that evolution of dual-RNA and Cas9 in bacteria produced remarkable sequence diversity. We selected eight representatives of phylogenetically defined type II CRISPR-Cas groups to analyze possible coevolution of Cas9 and dual-RNA. We demonstrate that these two components are interchangeable only between closely related type II systems when the PAM sequence is adjusted to the investigated Cas9 protein. Comparison of the taxonomy of bacterial species that harbor type II CRISPR-Cas systems with the Cas9 phylogeny corroborates horizontal transfer of the CRISPR-Cas loci. The reported collection of dual-RNA: Cas9 with associated PAMs expands the possibilities for multiplex genome editing and could provide means to improve the specificity of the RNA-programmable Cas9 tool.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Judith Cruz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion properties of nickel coatings obtained from aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Surface and Interface Analysis. - : WILEY. - 0142-2421 .- 1096-9918. ; 51:9, s. 943-953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel was deposited on a copper substrate from aqueous and nonaqueous ethanol electrolytes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronovoltametry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to study the effect of the solvent on the surface and corrosion properties of the Ni coatings formed. Unifom and relatively smooth Ni films were obtained as measured with microscopy techniques. The formation of a passive film in acidic, alkaline, and neutral chloride-containing media was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The water-based nickel-plating electrolyte makes it possible to deposit coatings with higher corrosion resistance as compared with coatings deposited from ethanol electrolyte in NaOH and NaCl media. The proposed mechanism of corrosion in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution involves cycles of active-passive surface behavior due to its passivation by corrosion products.
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| 22. |
- Kharitonov, Dmitry S., et al.
(författare)
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Surface and corrosion properties of AA6063-T5 aluminum alloy in molybdate-containing sodium chloride solutions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrosion properties of aluminum alloy AA6063-T5 were investigated in molybdate-containing NaCl solutions. Electrochemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic experiments were utilized to examine the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by molybdates. SEM-EDX, magnetic force, and intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy data suggested that the inhibition initiation preferentially occurred over Fe-rich cathodic IMPs. Spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the formed surface layer consists of mixed Mo(VI, V, IV) species. This layer provided inhibition with an efficiency of ∼90% after 4 h of exposure. High efficacy of ∼70% was achieved even after one week of exposure. A two-step oxidation-reduction mechanism of corrosion inhibition by aqueous molybdates was proposed. © 2020 The Authors
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| 23. |
- Makarova, I. V., et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion Behavior in Acid and Alkaline Media of Nickel Coatings Deposited at Room Temperature
- 2018
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Ingår i: Russian journal of applied chemistry. - : Pleiades Publishing. - 1070-4272 .- 1608-3296. ; 91:9, s. 1441-1450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impedance spectroscopy, chronovoltammetry, chronopotentiometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic-force microscopy were used to examine the corrosion behavior in acid and alkaline media and the morphology of nickel coatings electrodeposited from acetate, tartrate, and isobutyrate electrolytes at a temperature of 20–25°C. Models describing the nickel corrosion processes in H2SO4 and NaOH solutions were suggested. It was found that nickel coatings formed from isobutyrate electrolytes have the highest corrosion resistance.
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| 24. |
- Makarova, Kira S, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Microbiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1740-1526 .- 1740-1534. ; 9:6, s. 467-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) modules are adaptive immunity systems that are present in many archaea and bacteria. These defence systems are encoded by operons that have an extraordinarily diverse architecture and a high rate of evolution for both the cas genes and the unique spacer content. Here, we provide an updated analysis of the evolutionary relationships between CRISPR-Cas systems and Cas proteins. Three major types of CRISPR-Cas system are delineated, with a further division into several subtypes and a few chimeric variants. Given the complexity of the genomic architectures and the extremely dynamic evolution of the CRISPR-Cas systems, a unified classification of these systems should be based on multiple criteria. Accordingly, we propose a 'polythetic' classification that integrates the phylogenies of the most common cas genes, the sequence and organization of the CRISPR repeats and the architecture of the CRISPR-cas loci.
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| 25. |
- Makarova, Tatiana L, et al.
(författare)
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Anisotropic metallic properties of highly-oriented rhombohedral C60 polymer.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Synthetic Metals vol. 121. - Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.. ; , s. 1099-1100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pure rhombohedral phase of C60 polymer displays highly anisotropic electrical properties. Conductivity in the polymerized (001) planes exhibits a metal-insulator transition and shows the features of 2D weak localization. Anisotropy ratio is temperature-dependent and reaches 10_6. Dysonian ESR lineshape is consistent with the metallic nature of the samples.
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