| 1. |
- Hage, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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The predictive value of inflammatory activity and markers of the adipo-insular axis on restenosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1752-8984 .- 1479-1641. ; 8:2, s. 143-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a high restenosis rate after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study investigated whether markers of inflammation and the adipo-insular axis associated with T2DM and poor metabolic control were able to predict restenosis after PCI in T2DM patients. Methods and results: The predictive value of traditional and non-traditional risk markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, hsCRP, interferon gamma, leptin, IGF-I, insulin, proinsulin and NT-proBNP, was investigated in 82 patients with T2DM. A re-angiography 6 months after the index percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revealed that 43% of the patients had a restenosis. In a multiple regression analysis, the only independent predictors of restenosis were fasting glucose before the PCI and previous myocardial infarction (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07—1.92; p = 0.015 and OR 8.00, 95% CI 2.49—25.67; p ≤ 0.001, respectively). None of the other markers remained as significant predictors. Conclusion: Fasting glucose prior to the PCI was an independent predictor of restenosis in patients with T2DM while analyses of a variety of markers related to inflammation and the adipo-insular axis did not add any further information.
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| 2. |
- Malmberg, Gunnar, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal data for interdisciplinary ageing research. Design of the Linnaeus Database
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:7, s. 761-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: To allow for interdisciplinary research on the relations between socioeconomic conditions and health in the ageing population, a new anonymized longitudinal database - the Linnaeus Database - has been developed at the Centre for Population Studies at Umea University. This paper presents the database and its research potential. Design: Using the Swedish personal numbers the researchers have, in collaboration with Statistics Sweden and the National Board for Health and Welfare, linked individual records from Swedish register data on death causes, hospitalization and various socioeconomic conditions with two databases - Betula and VIP (Vasterbottens Intervention Programme) - previously developed by the researchers at Umea University. Whereas Betula includes rich information about e. g. cognitive functions, VIP contains information about e. g. lifestyle and health indicators. Population and sample size: The Linnaeus Database includes annually updated socioeconomic information from Statistics Sweden registers for all registered residents of Sweden for the period 1990 to 2006, in total 12,066,478. The information from the Betula includes 4,500 participants from the city of Umea and VIP includes data for almost 90,000 participants. Both datasets include cross-sectional as well as longitudinal information. Potential: Due to the coverage and rich information, the Linnaeus Database allows for a variety of longitudinal studies on the relations between, for instance, socioeconomic conditions, health, lifestyle, cognition, family networks, migration and working conditions in ageing cohorts. Conclusions: By joining various datasets developed in different disciplinary traditions new possibilities for interdisciplinary research on ageing emerge.
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| 3. |
- Nordenskjöld, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Intracranial volume estimated with commonly used methods could introduce bias in studies including brain volume measurements
- 2013
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 83, s. 355-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In brain volumetric studies, intracranial volume (ICV) is often used as an estimate of pre-morbid brain size as well as to compensate for inter-subject variations in head size. However, if the estimated ICV is biased by for example gender or atrophy, it could introduce errors in study results. To evaluate how two commonly used methods for ICV estimation perform, computer assisted reference segmentations were created and evaluated. Segmentations were created for 399 MRI volumes from 75-year-old subjects, with 53 of these subjects having an additional scan and segmentation created at age 80. ICV estimates from Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM, version 8) and Freesurfer (FS, version 5.1.0) were compared to the reference segmentations, and bias related to skull size (approximated with the segmentation measure), gender or atrophy were tested for. The possible ICV related effect on associations between normalized hippocampal volume and factors gender, education and cognition was evaluated by normalizing hippocampal volume with different ICV measures. Excellent agreement was seen for inter- (r=0.999) and intra- (r=0.999) operator reference segmentations. Both SPM and FS overestimated ICV. SPM showed bias associated with gender and atrophy while FS showed bias dependent on skull size. All methods showed good correlation between time points in the longitudinal data (reference: 0.998, SPM: 0.962, FS: 0.995). Hippocampal volume showed different associations with cognition and gender depending on which ICV measure was used for hippocampal volume normalization. These results show that the choice of method used for ICV estimation can bias results in studies including brain volume measurements.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Norhammar, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Under utilisation of evidence-based treatment partially explains for the unfavourable prognosis in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 24:9, s. 838-844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The prognosis after an acute myocardial infarction is worse for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without. We investigated whether differences in the use of evidence-based treatment may contribute to the differences in 1-year survival in a large cohort of consecutive acute myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Methods: We included patients below the age of 80 years from the Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive care Admissions (RIKS-HIA), which included all patients admitted to coronary care units at 58 hospitals during 1995-1998. In all 5193 patients had the combination of acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus while 20 440 had myocardial infarction but no diabetes diagnosed. Multivariate logistical regression analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of diabetes mellitus on the use of evidence-based treatment and its association with survival during the first year after the index hospitalisation. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 20.3% (males 18.5%, females 24.4%). The 1-year mortality was substantially higher among diabetic patients compared with those without diabetes mellitus (13.0 vs. 22.3% for males and 14.4 vs. 26.1% for female patients, respectively) with an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) in three different age groups: <65 years 2.65 (2.23-3.16), 65-74 years 1.81 (1.61-2.04) and >75 years 1.71 (1.50-1.93). During hospital stay patients with diabetes mellitus received significantly less treatment with heparins (37 vs. 43%, p<0.001), intravenous beta blockade (29 vs. 33%, p<0.001), thrombolysis (31 vs. 41%, p<0.001) and acute revascularisation (4 vs. 5%, p<0.003). A similar pattern was apparent at hospital discharge. After multiple adjustments for dissimilarities in baseline characteristics between the two groups, patients with diabetes were significantly less likely to be treated with reperfusion therapy (OR 0.83), heparins (OR 0.88), statins (OR 0.88) or to be revascularised within 14 days from hospital discharge procedures (OR 0.86) while the use of ACE-inhibitors was more prevalent among diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (OR 1.45). The mortality reducing effects of evidence-based treatment like reperfusion, heparins, aspirin, beta-blockers, lipid-lowering treatment and revascularisation were, in multivariate analyses, of equal benefit in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Interpretation: Diabetes mellitus continues to be a major independent predictor of 1-year mortality following an acute myocardial infarction, especially in younger age groups. This may partly be explained by less use of evidence-based treatment although treatment benefits are similar in both patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Thus a more extensive use of established treatment has a potential to improve the poor prognosis among patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Schneider, Edith, et al.
(författare)
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MicroRNA-155 is a direct target of Meis1, but not a driver in acute myeloid leukemia.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 103, s. 246-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is one of the first described oncogenic miRNAs. Although multiple direct targets of miR-155 have been identified, it is not clear how it contributes to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. We found miR-155 to be a direct target of Meis1 in murine Hoxa9/Meis1 induced acute myeloid leukemia. The additional overexpression of miR 155 accelerated the formation of acute myeloid leukemia in Hoxa9 as well as in Hoxa9/Meis1 cells in vivo. However, in the absence or after the removal of miR-155, leukemia onset and progression were unaffected. Although, miR-155 accelerated growth and homing as well as impaired differentiation, our data underscore the pathophysiological relevance of miR 155 as an accelerator rather than a driver of leukemogenesis. This further highlights the complexity of the oncogenic program of Meis1 to compensate for the loss of a potent oncogene such as miR-155. These findings are highly relevant to current and developing approaches for targeting miR-155 in acute myeloid leukemia.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Strand, Robin, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A concept for holistic whole body MRI data analysis, Imiomics
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To present and evaluate a whole-body image analysis concept, Imiomics (imaging omics) and an image registration method that enables Imiomics analyses by deforming all image data to a common coordinate system, so that the information in each voxel can be compared between persons or within a person over time and integrated with non-imaging data.Methods: The presented image registration method utilizes relative elasticity constraints of different tissue obtained from whole-body water-fat MRI. The registration method is evaluated by inverse consistency and Dice coefficients and the Imiomics concept is evaluated by example analyses of importance for metabolic research using non-imaging parameters where we know what to expect. The example analyses include whole body imaging atlas creation, anomaly detection, and cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.Results: The image registration method evaluation on 128 subjects shows low inverse consistency errors and high Dice coefficients. Also, the statistical atlas with fat content intensity values shows low standard deviation values, indicating successful deformations to the common coordinate system. The example analyses show expected associations and correlations which agree with explicit measurements, and thereby illustrate the usefulness of the proposed Imiomics concept.Conclusions: The registration method is well-suited for Imiomics analyses, which enable analyses of relationships to non-imaging data, e.g. clinical data, in new types of holistic targeted and untargeted big-data analysis.
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| 10. |
- Strand, Robin, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Holistic whole-body MRI image analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Symposium of the Swedish Society for Automated Image Analysis, Uppsala, Sweden, (SSBA).
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Amombo Noa, Francoise Mystere, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Metal-Organic Frameworks with Hexakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene: Extensions to Reticular Chemistry and Introducing Foldable Nets
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 142:20, s. 9471-9481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nine metal-organic frameworks have been prepared with the hexagon-shaped linker 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-benzene (H(6)cpb) by solvothermal reactions in dimethylformamide (dmf) or dimethylacetamide (dmac) with acetic acid or formic acid as modulators: [Bi-2(cpb)(acetato)(2)(dmf)(2)]center dot 2dmf CTH-6 forms a rtl-net; 2(H2NMe2)[Cu-2(cpb)] CTH-7 forms a kgd-net; [Fe-4(cpb)-(acetato)(2)(dmf)(4)] CTH-8 and [Co-4(cpb)(acetato)(2)(dmf)(4)] CTH-9 are isostructural and form yav-nets; 2(HNEt3)[Fe-2(cpb)] CTH-10 and the two polymorphs of 2(H2NMe2)[Zn-2(cpb)]center dot 1.5dmac, Zn-MOF-888 and CTH-11, show kgd-nets; [Cu-2(cpb)-(acetato)(2)(dmf)(2)]center dot 2dmf, CTH-12, forms a mixed coordination and hydrogen-bonded sql-net; and 2(H2NMe2)[Zn-2(cpb)] CTH-13, a similarly mixed yav-net. Surface area values (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, BET) range from 34 m(2) g(-1) for CTH-12 to 303 m(2) g(-1) for CTH-9 for samples activated at 120 degrees C in dynamic vacuum. All compounds show normal (10-fold higher) molar CO2 versus N-2 uptake at 298 K, except the 19-fold CO2 uptake for CTH-12 containing Cu(II) dinuclear paddle-wheels. We also show how perfect hexagons and triangles can combine to a new 3D topology laf, a model of which gave us the idea of foldable network topologies, as the laf-net can fold into a 2D form while retaining the local geometry around each vertex. Other foldable nets identified are cds, cds-a, ths, sqc163, clh, jem, and tfc covering the basic polygons and their combinations. The impact of this concept on "breathing" MOFs is discussed. I-2 sorption, both from gas phase and from MeOH solution, into CTH-7 were studied by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) on dried crystals. I-2 was shown to have penetrated the crystals, as layers were consecutively peeled off by the ion beam. We suggest ToF-SIMS to be a method for studying sorption depth profiles of MOFs.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, 1968-
(författare)
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Omsorgsplikt och god sed i avtal om shipmanagement
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under Swedish law a service provider’s performance is pervaded by a duty of care (Swe: omsorgsplikt). The study deals with the meaning and significance of the duty of care in a ship management contract under which a shipmanager undertakes to carry out one or several management services in respect of the vessel as agents for and on behalf of a shipowner. The study is mainly focused on the shipmanager’s duty of care and duty to perform the management services in accordance with sound ship management practice as set out in the standard ship management agreement SHIPMAN 2009.The first aim of the study is to analyze and systematize the shipmanager’s duty of care in a ship management agreement. The second aim of the study is to analyze what it means to provide management services in accordance with sound ship management practice. Thirdly, the shipmanager’s duty of care is examined in relation to a service provider’s general duty of care in long term commercial relationships. To achieve these aims, a number of research questions are examined, namely:Regarding the meaning and extent of a shipmanager’s duty of care: What is the relevance and meaning of a service provider’s duties to act in accordance with the mandate and in the interest of the client, to follow the client’s directions, to perform the service professionally, to act with care when choosing a counterparty to the prospective contract, to take good care of the client’s property, and to give account for the services?Regarding the question of sound ship management practice: How does the shipmanager’s duty of care differ from the duty to perform the management services in accordance with sound ship management? Which duties to act with care and in accordancewith sound ship management practice could be required from the shipmanager as regards specific ship management processes such as the vessel operating budget, the vessel operating report, and the use of safety and quality management systems.In addition, the sanctions and legal consequences of a breach of the duty of care are analyzed briefly.The study is based on a problem- and interestoriented methodological approach with teleological considerations and weighing of different interests. Also, the study of the meaning and significance of the shipmanager’s duty of care includes certain internal as well as external comparative elements. A number of different theories of the duty of care are examined and analyzed.The conclusions of the study are summarised in Chapter 8. One general conclusion is that the shipmanager’s duty of care and duty to perform the management services in accordance with sound ship management practice could be viewed and serve as a management control function towards the interests of the contractual promise, the contractual relationship as well as the interest of sustainability respectively.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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HITS/Transparens Slutrapport
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet HITS/Transparens utforskar hur frivillig användning av informations- och kommunikationsteknologi av privata aktörer kan förbättra informationstransparens i transport av farligt gods. Detta tillvägagångssätt skiljer sig från en lång rad projekt som sedan 80-talet haft ett centralt myndighetsperspektiv på informationshantering kring farligt gods. I linje med tidigare resultat inom forskning kring godstransport och så kallade intelligenta transportsystem (ITS), står det efter en omfattande genomgång av tidigare projekt klart att utmaningar med incitament, affärsmodeller, organisering och industriell struktur spelar en avgörande, men eftersatt roll. Vår studie visar att en teknikfokuserad ansats för att informera myndigheter, till exempel om farligt gods, i grunden misslyckats trots upprepade försök.I detta projekt föreslås en alternativ ansats där information kring farligt gods sammankopplas med kvalitetsuppföljning och ’Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) för att hjälpa transportköpare att genomföra informerade transportupphandlingar och uppföljning. Informationstransparens är centralt i denna vision och den prototyp, HITS Compliance Portal, som utvecklats inom projektet. Prototypen utgår från befintlig organisering av processer hos transportköpare, mellanhänder och lastfordon och förare på fältet. HITS Compliance Portal medger en enkel spårning i en komplex miljö av multipla underleverantörer av transporttjänster i en försörjningskedja med farligt gods. Prototypen bygger på väl beprövade standards och befintlig teknologi som inbyggda fordonssystem, e-post webbläsare och fungerar på alla moderna mobiltelefoner. Prototypen har förevisats projektparter och återkopplingen jämte en genomgång av framtida förbättringsmöjligheter avslutar denna sektion.Detta åtföljs av en noggrann juridisk analys av ett antal möjliga modeller för implementering av HITS Compliance Portal. I den juridiska undersökningen studeras inledningsvis regelverket rörande transport av farligt gods, vilket återfinns på internationell-, EU-rättslig- och nationell nivå. Därefter undersöks eventuell inverkan av övriga relevanta bestämmelser inom det EU-rättsliga regelsystemet. Slutligen studeras även eventuell inverkan av nationella bestämmelser inom den offentliga rätten, såsom exempelvis regeringsformen, personuppgiftslagen och offentlighets- och sekretesslagen. Det kan sammantaget konstateras att det inte föreligger några större avgörande legala hinder för HITS Compliance Portal. Undersökningen visar emellertid att det visserligen finns juridiska aspekter som måste hanteras, men de förefaller vara överkomliga och möjliga att lösa.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Management Measures to Reduce Continuous Underwater Noise from Shipping
- 2023
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Underwater radiated noise (URN) from commercial ships is a significant source of elevated noise levels in the oceans and can have a negative impact on marine wildlife. Noise from commercial shipping places additional stress on the oceans, but is one of the least studied environmental pollutants, and there is an urgent need to reduce the aggregate stress levels. Until recently, reduction of underwater noise has not been prioritised by ship designers, shipowners, or crews. Even within the field of marine management, noise has received limited interest. However, the International Maritime organization (IMO) has adopted global guidelines on URN reduction, which are currently being updated. Within the EU, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) Descriptor 11 criteria 11.2, now provides a framework for marine administrators to manage noise by establishing threshold values. Marine management focuses on the total noise load on the marine environment. Management entails several considerations before recommendations can be made. As a first step, interdisciplinary teams need to assess the aggregated noise levels and determine acceptable thresholds based on the local ecosystem, then assess which existing mandates and management tools can be used, and finally assess how effective these mandates have been in improving the environment. These activities must also be managed in a way that is acceptable to various relevant stakeholders, who would need to follow the decisions. The URN from a ship can be affected by the vessel’s design, either during its construction or during upgrades, and balances a trade-off against fuel efficiency. However, the URN can also depend on how the ship is operated. Regulating ship speed is one potential management tool, and its effectiveness needs to be assessed. Other management measures include how shipping lanes are drawn, areas to avoid, financial support, information, etc. This report focuses on possible policy measures that the Swedish authorities could adopt to lower URN by regulating the speed of ships. The report presents an interdisciplinary analysis, using a case study of an area in the southern Kattegat that covered several maritime zones, different national jurisdictions, intensive traffic, and high natural values. An important part of the work was to assess whether existing source models for ship noise could be used for the type of ships that are common in waters around Sweden. In this study, the JOMOPANS-ECHO (J-E) model was used.The J-E model was validated by comparing measurement data from a hydrophone station at Vinga on the Swedish coast that collected data from ships (254 passages) that used the port of Gothenburg. The analysis showed some deviation between the J-E model and measurement data, which could be due to differences in the length and speed of ships in waters around Sweden compared to the ships used in the development of the J-E model. However, this was likely to have negligible impact on the outcome of the case study.Analyses of ship traffic in 2021 showed that 4,511 unique vessels visited the study area at least once. Most ships followed the main routes, but no part of the study area was completely free from ship traffic. About 68% of the ships visited the study area for 1-4 days, while about 32% visited the area more regularly. The most common ship types were General Cargo Ships, Dry Bulk Ships, and Tankers. The ships that on average travelled at highest speeds were RoPax Ships, RoRo Ships, Vehicle Carriers, and Container Ships. The ships were registered in 64 countries. About two percent of the ships were registered in Sweden and about four percent in Denmark.Legal analysis showed that Sweden has the right and the responsibility to take measures to reduce underwater noise from ships to the extent that the noise can be deemed to pollute the marine environment. However, this mainly applies to Sweden’s territorial seas, which cover roughly half the area being studied for this report. In the portion that constitutes Danish territorial sea, Denmark has comparable opportunities for managing URN. In areas that are Swedish or Danish exclusive economic zones (EEZs), the ability to introduce mandatory speed limits is significantly limited. There, the most realistic option would be to request the IMO to establish speed limits, or alternatively to issue a recommendation to navigate at lower speeds, although such guidance could not be enforced on ships that do not voluntarily reduce their speed.It was estimated that lowering the ships' speeds to a hypothetical limit of 11 kn would reduce the average URN levels by 4.4 ± 2 dB, as registered by local receivers in the study area. This speed limit would affect approximately 44% of the ships in the area. A maximum speed of 13 kn would instead reduce the level by 1.9 ± 0.5 dB and would affect 11% of the ships on average. The reduction in noise levels may temporarily be much higher in the immediate vicinity of individual fast ships, and there might be a high degree of variation between different ships.The study and report make it clear that it is a complex task to assess the feasibility and benefit of introducing a specific marine management tool, in this case an enforceable local speed limit. But it is also clear that there are reliable methods to make the preliminary assessments, and that it requires interdisciplinary analyses and competence.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Basu Bal, Abhinayan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Different Perspectives on Supply Chain Finance – In search of a holistic approach
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLAN’s Research and Application Conference, 25-26 October, Gothenburg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper discusses from a logistics services, financial and legal standpoint the possibility to deliver SCF solutions to the entire supply chain. Particularly the potential new role of LSPs as independent third parties that can assist in verification and risk assessment for trade financiers or add supply chain finance to the service portfolio. Based on a conceptual model defining supply chain finance and financial supply chain management, the research approach includes conceptual development complemented by financial and legal analysis. The findings in the areas of information asymmetry, visibility, working capital and division of roles can foster innovation in the financial technology arena for greater financial inclusion in international trade.
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| 18. |
- Basu Bal, Abhinayan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Different Perspectives on Supply Chain Finance – In search of a holistic approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gong, S., Cullinane, K., (Eds.) Finance and Risk Management for International Logistics and the Supply Chain, 1st Edition. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780128138304 ; , s. 35-54
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses from a logistics services, financial and legal standpoint the possibility to deliver Supply Chain Finance (SCF) solutions to the entire supply chain. Particularly the potential new role of Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) as independent third parties that can assist in verification and risk assessment for trade financiers or add SCF to the service portfolio. Based on a conceptual model defining SCF and financial supply chain management, the research approach includes conceptual development complemented by financial and legal analysis. The findings in the areas of information asymmetry, visibility, working capital and division of roles can foster innovation in the financial technology arena for greater financial inclusion in international trade.
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| 19. |
- Bergqvist, Rickard, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Effektiva kombiterminaler och avtal
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kombiterminaler spelar en viktig roll i transportsystemet. Förutom utmaningarna med att utforma effektiva kombiterminaler som bidrar till hög produktivitet för järnvägstransporter så finns också en rad utmaningar i de avtal som måste skrivas/upprättas med berörda aktörer. Exempel på sådana upprättade avtal är genomförandeavtal och anslutningsavtal med Trafikverket, terminaloperatörsavtal och trafikeringsavtal med berörda tågdragande företag. Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att identifiera brister och utmaningar vid upprättandet av avtal mellan de olika aktörer som hanterar kombiterminaler för att undvika problem som annars kan påverka transporteffektiviteten negativt. Projektets syfte uppnås främst genom att genomföra en analys av olika avtal för 5 olika kombiterminaler som upprättats mellan olika aktörer senaste 10-15 åren.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Björkner, Annika E, et al.
(författare)
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Det endodontiska arbetsfältet : aseptik och antiseptik i den kliniska vardagen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi. - : Universitetsförlaget. - 1902-3545. ; 42:01, s. 156-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom tandvården sker behandlingar i en miljö som är mycket rik på mikroorganismer och med risk för smittspridning. För att minska denna risk behöver vi aktivt verka för att reducera smittkällor och bryta transportvägarna för mikroorganismer. Att arbeta aseptiskt och därmed «bevara det rena rent» är en grundläggande princip vid endodonti. Ett aseptiskt arbetsfält skapas med hjälp av kofferdam och antiseptika, och detta aseptiska arbetsfält måste upprätthållas under hela behandlingen. 90 % av svenska och 30 % av de danska tandläkarna använder kofferdam regelbundet. Trots införandet av flera nya tekniker för både instrumentering och rotfyllning under senare år ses inte någon minskad mängd apikal parodontit i befolkningen. Det är troligt att andra faktorer, som till exempel det aseptiska och antiseptiska tillvägagångssättet, kan spela en större roll för utfallet av den endodontiska behandlingen än vad som tidigare antagits.
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