| 1. |
- Cruz, Raquel, et al.
(författare)
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Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 31:22, s. 3789-3806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.
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| 2. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Sorokowski, Piotr, et al.
(författare)
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Universality of the Triangular Theory of Love : Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Triangular Love Scale in 25 Countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Sex Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-4499 .- 1559-8519. ; 58:1, s. 106-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale - STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love.
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| 4. |
- Agrawal, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Readily Available Ruthenium Complex for Efficient Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Aromatic alpha-Hydroxy Ketones
- 2014
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Ingår i: Organic Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1523-7060 .- 1523-7052. ; 16:8, s. 2256-2259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A ruthenium complex formed from commercially available [Ru(p-cymene)Cl-2](2) and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane catalyzes the racemization of aromatic alpha-hydroxy ketones very efficiently at room temperature. The racemization is fully compatible with a kinetic resolution catalyzed by a lipase from Pseudomonas stutzeri. This is the first example of dynamic kinetic resolution of alpha-hydroxy ketones at ambient temperature in which the metal and enzyme catalysts work in concert in one pot at room temperature to give quantitative yields of esters of alpha-hydroxy ketones with very high enantioselectivity.
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| 5. |
- Alberti, Esteban, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged Survival and expression of neural markers by bone marrow-derived stem cells transplanted into brain lesions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 15:2, s. BR47-BR54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation is a potentially viable therapeutic option for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. MATERIAL/METHODS: We have isolated bone marrow stem cells by standard method. We then evaluated the survival of rats' bone marrow mononuclear cells implanted in rats' brain. The cells were extracted from rats' femurs, and marked for monitoring purposes by adenoviral transduction with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Labeled cells were implanted within the area of rats' striatum lesions that were induced a month earlier employing quinolinic acid-based method. The implants were phenotyped by monitoring CD34; CD38; CD45 and CD90 expression. Bone marrow stromal cells were extracted from rats' femurs and cultivated until monolayer bone marrow stromal cells were obtained. The ability of bone marrow stromal cells to express NGF and GDNF was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Implanted cells survived for at least one month after transplantation and dispersed from the area of injection towards corpus callosum and brain cortex. Interestingly, passaged rat bone marrow stromal cells expressed NGF and GDNF mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: The bone marrow cells could be successfully transplanted to the brain either for the purpose of trans-differentiation, or for the expression of desired growth factors.
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| 6. |
- Aleix-Mata, Gael, et al.
(författare)
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Development and characterization of 15 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for two important bot flies (Diptera, Oestridae) by next-generation sequencing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Parasitology Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0932-0113 .- 1432-1955. ; 119:9, s. 2829-2835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cephenemyia stimulatorandOestrus ovisare two important parasitic bot flies (Oestridae) species causing myiasis, with a potential negative impact on the welfare of the host. Using next-generation sequencing approach and bioinformatics tools, a large panel of possible microsatellites loci was obtained in both species. Primer pairs were designed for 15 selected microsatellite loci inC. stimulatorand other 15 loci inO. ovisfor PCR amplification. Loci amplification and analysis were performed in four populations of each species. The results demonstrated that all selected loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 to 6 per locus inC. stimulatorand 3 to 13 per locus inO. ovis. This is the first time to describe these microsatellite loci forC. stimulatorandO. ovis. These two sets of microsatellite markers could be further used for biogeographic and population genetics studies.
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| 7. |
- Alonso-Bellido, Isabel M., et al.
(författare)
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The Other Side of SARS-CoV-2 Infection : Neurological Sequelae in Patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the globe causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because it affects the respiratory system, common symptoms are cough and breathing difficulties with fever and fatigue. Also, some cases progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The acute phase of COVID-19 has been also related to nervous system symptoms, including loss of taste and smell as well as encephalitis and cerebrovascular disorders. However, it remains unclear if neurological complications are due to the direct viral infection of the nervous system, or they appear as a consequence of the immune reaction against the virus in patients who presented pre-existing deficits or had a certain detrimental immune response. Importantly, the medium and long-term consequences of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system remain at present unknown. This review article aims to give an overview of the current neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, as well as attempting to provide an insight beyond the acute affectation.
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| 8. |
- Bogren, Maria, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial support systems and potential entrepreneurs´ knowledge of them
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- All over the world, governments are supporting entrepreneurial activity in order to develop their countries through successful businesses. There are different support systems supporting active and potential entrepreneurs in the European countries, but do all potential entrepreneurs know where to turn for information and help about starting and running a business? The aim of this study is to explore support systems in Poland, Spain and Sweden and, in addition to this, to investigate what knowledge students have of different support systems that would be of use if they want to start their own business. Previous research shows that students who have participated in entrepreneurship education programs are more likely to become entrepreneurs (Charney & Libecap, 2000; Galloway & Brown, 2002; Davidsson & Honig, 2003; Athayde, 2009). Several studies show how having parents, friends, or neighbors who run a business can inspire a person to start their own business (e g Davidsson & Honig, 2003; Krueger, 1993; Scherer et al., 1989). This explorative study was conducted in three European countries: Poland, Spain, and Sweden. Firstly, a review of existing support systems was performed in each country. Secondly, a questionnaire was distributed in May 2017 to university students in different study programs and at different levels of education. In total, 124 questionnaires were handed out and answered by 64 Spanish students, 34 Swedish students, and 26 Polish students. The questionnaire included background questions such as age and sex, but also asked if the students wanted to start a business or not. We asked if they currently run a business or have run a business in the past, and if their parents, other relatives, or friends run their own businesses. We also asked where they would go to get information and help, and what sources they would use to find information on starting a business. Finally, we asked them what kind of help they thought they would need. The results show that there are valuable support systems for entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs in all three countries. We found more similarities than differences among the support options offered. However, the answers from the potential entrepreneurs show that there is a lack of knowledge about existing support systems. It seems that potential entrepreneurs would rather use their private network, such as family, friends and active entrepreneurs, before turning to consultants in various support system organizations. This study highlights the connection between available support systems and potential entrepreneurs, and is a valuable implication for governments and supporting organizations, focusing on how to reach out with their offered support.
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| 9. |
- Carson, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the functionalisation route on a Zr-MOF with an Ir-NHC complex for catalysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 51:54, s. 10864-10867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new iridium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metallolinker has been synthesised and introduced into a metal-organic framework (MOF), for the first time, via two different routes: direct synthesis and postsynthetic exchange (PSE). The two materials were compared in terms of the Ir loading and distribution using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the local Ir structure using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the catalytic activity. The materials showed good activity and recyclability as catalysts for the isomerisation of an allylic alcohol.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Conroy-Beam, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 40:5, s. 479-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mate choice lies dose to differential reproduction, the engine of evolution. Patterns of mate choice consequently have power to direct the course of evolution. Here we provide evidence suggesting one pattern of human mate choice-the tendency for mates to be similar in overall desirability-caused the evolution of a structure of correlations that we call the d factor. We use agent-based models to demonstrate that assortative mating causes the evolution of a positive manifold of desirability, d, such that an individual who is desirable as a mate along any one dimension tends to be desirable across all other dimensions. Further, we use a large cross-cultural sample with n = 14,478 from 45 countries around the world to show that this d-factor emerges in human samples, is a cross-cultural universal, and is patterned in a way consistent with an evolutionary history of assortative mating. Our results suggest that assortative mating can explain the evolution of a broad structure of human trait covariation.
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| 12. |
- Conroy-Beam, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting Computational Models of Mate Preference Integration Across 45 Countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans express a wide array of ideal mate preferences. Around the world, people desire romantic partners who are intelligent, healthy, kind, physically attractive, wealthy, and more. In order for these ideal preferences to guide the choice of actual romantic partners, human mating psychology must possess a means to integrate information across these many preference dimensions into summaries of the overall mate value of their potential mates. Here we explore the computational design of this mate preference integration process using a large sample of n = 14,487 people from 45 countries around the world. We combine this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets. Across cultures, people higher in mate value appear to experience greater power of choice on the mating market in that they set higher ideal standards, better fulfill their preferences in choice, and pair with higher mate value partners. Furthermore, we find that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.
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| 13. |
- Escribano, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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The Spanish version of the mothers' postnatal sense of security scale : Psychometric properties and predictive utility
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research in Nursing and Health. - : Wiley. - 0160-6891 .- 1098-240X. ; 43:6, s. 651-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postnatal sense of security is a relevant construct related to several variables of motherhood. However, it has not yet been studied in the Spanish context. The aims were: (a) To analyze the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the mothers' postnatal sense of security scale (PPSS-S); (b) analyze the factors related to mothers' sense of security during the first 2 weeks following childbirth (sociodemographic variables and factors related to maternity); and (c) examine the predictive utility that mothers' sense of security has on symptoms of postpartum depression 6–11 months after childbirth. This was a prospective longitudinal study performed in the first 6–11 months post-partum in four regions of Spain. A total of 928 mothers whose mean age was 33.67 years (standard deviation = 4.54) participated. The confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate adjustment to the original structure (χ2 = 17,272.79, df = 153, p <.001; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.98; comparative fit index = 0.98; root mean square error of approximation = 0.058 [0.053-0.063])and the overall internal consistency was 0.89. Direct relationships were shown between women' sense of security and already having had a child, the absence of postpartum health complications (either in the mother or the newborn) and receiving consistent information from healthcare professionals. Our results showed adequate evidence for the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the PPSS-S. Understanding mothers' sense of security during the early months of motherhood, as well as related factors in the postpartum period, will allow health professionals to implement preventive measures to promote mental health and could help reduce symptoms of postpartum depression.
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| 14. |
- Fernández-Gago, Rocío, et al.
(författare)
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Thawing boar semen in the presence of seminal plasma improves motility, modifies subpopulation patterns and reduces chromatin alterations.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Reproduction, fertility, and development. - : CSIRO PUBLISHING. - 1031-3613. ; 29:8, s. 1576-1584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seminal plasma could have positive effects on boar semen after thawing. In the present study we investigated changes in the motility and chromatin structure in spermatozoa over 4h incubation (37°C) of boar semen thawed in the presence of 0%, 10% or 50% seminal plasma from good-fertility boars. Cryopreserved doses were used from seven males, three of which were identified as susceptible to post-thawing chromatin alterations. Motility was analysed by computer-aided sperm analysis every hour, and data were used in a two-step clustering, yielding three subpopulations of spermatozoa (slow non-linear, fast non-linear, fast linear). Chromatin structure was analysed using a sperm chromatin structure assay and flow cytometry to determine the DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) as a percentage, the standard deviation of the DFI (SD-DFI) and the percentage of high DNA stainability (%HDS), indicating chromatin compaction. Thawing without seminal plasma resulted in a rapid loss of motility, whereas seminal plasma helped maintain motility throughout the incubation period and preserved the subpopulation comprising fast and linear spermatozoa. The incidence of chromatin alterations was very low in samples from non-susceptible males, whereas samples from males susceptible to post-thawing chromatin alterations exhibited marked alterations in%DFI and%HDS. Seminal plasma partly prevented these alterations in samples from susceptible males. Overall, 50% seminal plasma was the most efficient concentration to protect motility and chromatin. Some changes were concomitant with physiological events reported previously (e.g., semen thawed with 50% seminal plasma increased the production of reactive oxygen species and yielded higher fertility after AI). Thawing in the presence of seminal plasma could be particularly useful in the case of samples susceptible to post-thawing chromatin damage.
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| 15. |
- Kowal, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Reasons for Facebook Usage : Data From 46 Countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Seventy-nine percent of internet users use Facebook, and on average they access Facebook eight times a day (Greenwood et al., 2016). To put these numbers into perspective, according to Clement (2019), around 30% of the world's population uses this Online Social Network (OSN) site.Despite the constantly growing body of academic research on Facebook (Chou et al., 2009; Back et al., 2010; Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010; McAndrew and Jeong, 2012; Wilson et al., 2012; Krasnova et al., 2017), there remains limited research regarding the motivation behind Facebook use across different cultures. Our main goal was to collect data from a large cross-cultural sample of Facebook users to examine the roles of sex, age, and, most importantly, cultural differences underlying Facebook use.
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| 16. |
- Longo, Egmar, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing powered mobility for children with severe disabilities : experiences from different contexts
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Powered mobility offers young children the opportunity to explore their world, develop awareness of their environment, and actively participate in play and daily activities. It enables children with severe disabilities to experience equity and equality by increasing their mobility. Powered mobility devices not only provide means for movement but also enhance children's understanding of tool use, expand their range of activities, and promote their inclusion in society. The global implementation of early powered mobility has varied based on factors such as recognizing the benefits of self-produced mobility for children, access to affordable equipment, training, acceptance from families, and modifications in the community to enhance accessibility. This course aims to share experiences related to powered mobility practices for young children with severe disabilities across different countries. Learning objectives of the course: To discuss the current evidence on powered mobility for young children, To share how is the implementation experiences from various countries, To explore the stages and strategies for facilitating children's use of powered mobility devices, and To develop effective knowledge translation strategies for early powered mobility interventions. Target audience: Health professionals and people/families with disabilities Outline of the course: Powered Mobility: State of the evidence 10’ Using the ALP to support tool-use understanding in young children 10’ Adapt Project - how to promote powered mobility accessible in LMIC 10’ AmeSobreruedas: Power mobility as a tool for learning, participation and functioning in children with SMA type I 10’ Go Zika Go: results from the feasibility study 10’ Q&A 10’
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| 17. |
- Palomo-Carrion, Rocio, et al.
(författare)
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Mini-symposium: Powered mobility : Facilitating participation in children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) type 1. Ready for the Race?
- 2023
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Ingår i: ; , s. 86-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVESThe symposium will provide the know-how about powered mobility use in children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type I. Define what are the barriers of their mobility and how powered mobility can facilitate participation and social interaction. Disseminate the importance of family involvement in early powered mobility through the use of adapted motorized devices supporting development of functional strategies that improve the child's access to their natural environment. SUMMARYChildren diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have motor disorders that affect their mobility, restricting activities of daily living and participation. Powered mobility when used within their natural environment, involving the family, can encourage their motivation to be mobile and facilitate participation. Experiences of self-produced mobility gives opportunities for learning and interaction and facilitates autonomy. The child’s exploratory activity with an adapted powered device causes continuous changes of position in relation to the physical and social environment, giving new perspectives and opportunities for interaction and participation.OUTLINE OF the Symposium- Introduction 5’. Bea de Andrés..- What are the barriers in the participation of SMA type I in the natural environment? What do the families think? 15’. Maribel Ródenas y Rocío Palomo.- What can powered mobility offer in SMA type I? Ready for the race? 25’ Ródenas M, De Andrés B, Palomo R.- Why is Driving to Learn a powerful developing experience? How to apply the two parts of the process-based Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use (ALP)? Lisbeth Nilsson 30’’- Discussion. 15’
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| 18. |
- Pérez-Maldonado, Iván N, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Mexican children
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 75:9, s. 1215-1220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flame retardants (FRs) constitute a group of compounds that are added to materials in order to suppress, reduce, or delay fire. At present the most used FRs are the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and diverse studies have found individuals exposed to them. However, few studies have reported data in children. The objective of this report was to assess PBDEs levels in children of six communities in México. During the year 2006 we analyzed a total of 173 healthy children (aged 6-13 years old). Plasma samples were taken and quantified (gas chromatography/mass spectrometer) for PBDEs. Six PBDEs congeners (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-209) were quantified in blood serum. We detected exposure to PBDEs in all the communities. The total PBDEs levels ranged from no detectable (nd) to 43.4 ng g(-1) lipid, the dominant PBDE congener was BDE-47, followed by BDE-100, BDE-99 and BDE-153, whereas the levels of BDE-209 were below LOD. Children living in an industrial and urban area (Cd. Juarez, Chih) had the highest levels of PBDEs, approximately two times that of children living in El Refugio, S.L.P. (a rural area) or in Milpillas, S.L.P. (municipal landfill) and 4-5 times higher than levels found in children living in San Luis Potosi, S.L.P. (urban area), in Chihuahua, Chih. (urban area), and San Juan Tilapa, Edo. Mex. (municipal landfills). Results cannot be generalized since the communities selected are not representative of the Mexican population. However, they do indicate that Mexican children are exposed to PBDEs.
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| 19. |
- Sorokowska, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
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Affective Interpersonal Touch in Close Relationships : A Cross-Cultural Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. - : Sage Publications. - 0146-1672 .- 1552-7433. ; 47:12, s. 1705-1721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch.
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| 20. |
- Sorokowska, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
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Global study of social odor awareness
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 43:7, s. 503-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olfaction plays an important role in human social communication, including multiple domains in which people often rely on their sense of smell in the social context. The importance of the sense of smell and its role can however vary inter-individually and culturally. Despite the growing body of literature on differences in olfactory performance or hedonic preferences across the globe, the aspects of a given culture as well as culturally universal individual differences affecting odor awareness in human social life remain unknown. Here, we conducted a large-scale analysis of data collected from 10,794 participants from 52 study sites from 44 countries all over the world. The aim of our research was to explore the potential individual and country-level correlates of odor awareness in the social context. The results show that the individual characteristics were more strongly related than country-level factors to self-reported odor awareness in different social contexts. A model including individual-level predictors (gender, age, material situation, education and preferred social distance) provided a relatively good fit to the data, but adding country-level predictors (Human Development Index, population density and average temperature) did not improve model parameters. Although there were some cross-cultural differences in social odor awareness, the main differentiating role was played by the individual differences. This suggests that people living in different cultures and different climate conditions may still share some similar patterns of odor awareness if they share other individual-level characteristics.
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| 21. |
- Stratoulias, Vassilis, et al.
(författare)
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ARG1-expressing microglia show a distinct molecular signature and modulate postnatal development and function of the mouse brain
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 26:6, s. 1008-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular diversity of microglia, the resident immune cells in the CNS, is reported. Whether microglial subsets characterized by the expression of specific proteins constitute subtypes with distinct functions has not been fully elucidated. Here we describe a microglial subtype expressing the enzyme arginase-1 (ARG1; that is, ARG1+ microglia) that is found predominantly in the basal forebrain and ventral striatum during early postnatal mouse development. ARG1+ microglia are enriched in phagocytic inclusions and exhibit a distinct molecular signature, including upregulation of genes such as Apoe, Clec7a, Igf1, Lgals3 and Mgl2, compared to ARG1- microglia. Microglial-specific knockdown of Arg1 results in deficient cholinergic innervation and impaired dendritic spine maturation in the hippocampus where cholinergic neurons project, which in turn results in impaired long-term potentiation and cognitive behavioral deficiencies in female mice. Our results expand on microglia diversity and provide insights into microglia subtype-specific functions.
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| 22. |
- Walter, Kathryn, et al.
(författare)
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Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries : A Large-Scale Replication
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 31:4, s. 408-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
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| 23. |
- Zwir, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Three Genetic-Environmental Networks for Human Personality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26, s. 3858-3875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic, developmental, and brain-imaging studies suggest that human personality is the integrated expression of three major systems of learning and memory that regulate (1) associative conditioning, (2) intentionality, and (3) self-awareness. We have uncovered largely disjoint sets of genes regulating these dissociable learning processes in different clusters of people with (1) unregulated temperament profiles (i.e., associatively conditioned habits and emotional reactivity), (2) organized character profiles (i.e., intentional self-control of emotional conflicts and goals), and (3) creative character profiles (i.e., self-aware appraisal of values and theories), respectively. However, little is known about how these temperament and character components of personality are jointly organized and develop in an integrated manner. In three large independent genome-wide association studies from Finland, Germany, and Korea, we used a data-driven machine learning method to uncover joint phenotypic networks of temperament and character and also the genetic networks with which they are associated. We found three clusters of similar numbers of people with distinct combinations of temperament and character profiles. Their associated genetic and environmental networks were largely disjoint, and differentially related to distinct forms of learning and memory. Of the 972 genes that mapped to the three phenotypic networks, 72% were unique to a single network. The findings in the Finnish discovery sample were blindly and independently replicated in samples of Germans and Koreans. We conclude that temperament and character are integrated within three disjoint networks that regulate healthy longevity and dissociable systems of learning and memory by nearly disjoint sets of genetic and environmental influences.
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| 24. |
- Zwir, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Uncovering the complex genetics of human character
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:10, s. 2295-2312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human personality is 30–60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies. Hundreds of genetic variants are expected to influence its complex development, but few have been identified. We used a machine learning method for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover complex genotypic–phenotypic networks and environmental interactions. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measured the self-regulatory components of personality critical for health (i.e., the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified five clusters of people with distinct profiles of character traits regardless of genotype. Third, we found 42 SNP sets that identified 727 gene loci and were significantly associated with one or more of the character profiles. Each character profile was related to different SNP sets with distinct molecular processes and neuronal functions. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of 95% of the 42 SNP sets in healthy Korean and German samples, as well as their associations with character. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected for character in each sample (50 to 58%). We conclude that self-regulatory personality traits are strongly influenced by organized interactions among more than 700 genes despite variable cultures and environments. These gene sets modulate specific molecular processes in brain for intentional goal-setting, self-reflection, empathy, and episodic learning and memory.
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| 25. |
- Zwir, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Uncovering the complex genetics of human temperament
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:10, s. 2275-2294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental studies of learning suggest that human temperament may depend on the molecular mechanisms for associative conditioning, which are highly conserved in animals. The main genetic pathways for associative conditioning are known in experimental animals, but have not been identified in prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human temperament. We used a data-driven machine learning method for GWAS to uncover the complex genotypic–phenotypic networks and environmental interactions related to human temperament. In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified 3 clusters of people with distinct temperament profiles measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory regardless of genotype. Third, we found 51 SNP sets that identified 736 gene loci and were significantly associated with temperament. The identified genes were enriched in pathways activated by associative conditioning in animals, including the ERK, PI3K, and PKC pathways. 74% of the identified genes were unique to a specific temperament profile. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of the 51 Finnish SNP sets in healthy Korean (90%) and German samples (89%), as well as their associations with temperament. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected in each sample (37–53%) despite variable cultures and environments. We conclude that human temperament is strongly influenced by more than 700 genes that modulate associative conditioning by molecular processes for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory.
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