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- Matsuzaki, G, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism of murine V gamma 1(+) gamma delta T cell-mediated innate immune response against Listeria monocytogenes infection
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - 1521-4141. ; 32:4, s. 928-935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Murine gammadelta T cells participate in innate immune response against infection of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. In the present report, we analyzed the mechanism of the gammadelta T cell-mediated response against L. monocytogenes infection. gammadelta T cell-enriched spleen cells of L. monocytogenes-infected mice produced IFN-gamma in vitro in response to L. monocytogenes-infected spleen cells, The IFN-gamma production was abrogated by depletion of Vgamma1(+) gammadelta T cells. IFN-gamma production of the Vy1(+) gammadelta T cells in response to L. monocytogenes-infected spleen cells required IL-12. However, addition of Fab fragment of anti-TCR gammadelta monoclonal antibodies (mAb) failed to block the response, suggesting that the response requires no TCR-mediated antigen recognition. Interestingly, Vgamma1(+) gammadelta T cells of naive mice also produced IFN-gamma in response to L. monocytogenes-infected spleen cells in an IL-12-dependent manner. Furthermore, the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) gene was expressed on the Vgamma1(+) gammadelta T cells of naive mice as well as those of L. monocytogenes-infected mice although naive alphabeta T cells lack IL-12R expression. All the results suggest that the Vgamma1(+) gammadelta T cells participate in immune surveillance against intracellular bacterial infection through quick production of IFN-gamma in response to infection-induced IL-12 without antigen-driven clonal expansion and maturation.
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- Jane, Stephen F., et al.
(författare)
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Widespread deoxygenation of temperate lakes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 594:7861, s. 66-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentration of dissolved oxygen in aquatic systems helps to regulate biodiversity(1,2), nutrient biogeochemistry(3), greenhouse gas emissions(4), and the quality of drinking water(5). The long-term declines in dissolved oxygen concentrations in coastal and ocean waters have been linked to climate warming and human activity(6,7), but little is known about the changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in lakes. Although the solubility of dissolved oxygen decreases with increasing water temperatures, long-term lake trajectories are difficult to predict. Oxygen losses in warming lakes may be amplified by enhanced decomposition and stronger thermal stratification(8,9) or oxygen may increase as a result of enhanced primary production(10). Here we analyse a combined total of 45,148 dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles and calculate trends for 393 temperate lakes that span 1941 to 2017. We find that a decline in dissolved oxygen is widespread in surface and deep-water habitats. The decline in surface waters is primarily associated with reduced solubility under warmer water temperatures, although dissolved oxygen in surface waters increased in a subset of highly productive warming lakes, probably owing to increasing production of phytoplankton. By contrast, the decline in deep waters is associated with stronger thermal stratification and loss of water clarity, but not with changes in gas solubility. Our results suggest that climate change and declining water clarity have altered the physical and chemical environment of lakes. Declines in dissolved oxygen in freshwater are 2.75 to 9.3 times greater than observed in the world's oceans(6,7) and could threaten essential lake ecosystem services(2,3,5,11).
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- Maasri, Alain, et al.
(författare)
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A global agenda for advancing freshwater biodiversity research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 25:2, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and meeting the challenges of this crisis requires bold goals and the mobilisation of substantial resources. While the reasons are varied, investments in both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind those in the terrestrial and marine realms. Inspired by a global consultation, we identify 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research areas, in an effort to support informed stewardship of freshwater biodiversity. The proposed agenda aims to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally as a critical step in improving coordinated actions towards its sustainable management and conservation.
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- Stockwell, Jason D., et al.
(författare)
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Storm impacts on phytoplankton community dynamics in lakes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : WILEY. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:5, s. 2756-2784
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. High winds and precipitation associated with storms can affect lakes via short-term runoff events from watersheds and physical mixing of the water column. In addition, lakes connected to rivers and streams will also experience flushing due to high flow rates. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how wind and precipitation events can alter lake physical processes and some aspects of biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic understanding of the emergent responses of phytoplankton communities is poor. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis that identifies how storms interact with lake and watershed attributes and their antecedent conditions to generate changes in lake physical and chemical environments. Such changes can restructure phytoplankton communities and their dynamics, as well as result in altered ecological function (e.g., carbon, nutrient and energy cycling) in the short- and long-term. We summarize the current understanding of storm-induced phytoplankton dynamics, identify knowledge gaps with a systematic review of the literature, and suggest future research directions across a gradient of lake types and environmental conditions.
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- Watakabe, Shirou, et al.
(författare)
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Operation trial of hydrogenous gas injection of COURSE50 project at an experimental blast furnace
- 2013
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 53:12, s. 2065-2071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COURSE50 (CO2 ultimate reduction in steelmaking process by innovative technology for Cool Earth 50) carried out COG and reformed COG (RCOG) injection operation trials at LKAB's experimental blast furnace in Luleå in cooperation with LKAB and Swerea MEFOS. Operation trials were successfully carried out. Input of C in both COG and RCOG injection periods decreased comparing the base period, because ofincrease in H2 reduction instead of C direct reduction that is a huge endothermic reaction. However poor penetration depth of injected gas from shaft tuyere made furnace efficiency worse. Hot top gas injection increased temperature of top gas and upper part of the furnace. Efficiency of hot top gas injection was not clear as sinter degradation did not occur in the base period.
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