| 1. |
- Grubler, Arnulf, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Primer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future. - 9781107005198 ; , s. 99-150
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ashby, Kira, et al.
(författare)
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Who are Hard-to-Reach energy users? Segments, barriers and approaches to engage them
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings : Efficiency: The Core of a Clean Energy Future - Efficiency: The Core of a Clean Energy Future. ; , s. 1-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency (EE) program administrators and policy makers have long encouraged the adoption of efficient technologies and conservation practices across all energy users and sectors. Energy users who haven’t yet participated in efficiency and conservation programs despite ongoing outreach are often referred to as “Hard-to-Reach” (HTR). These individuals or organizations can include, for instance, low income or rural audiences on the residential side and small businesses or building operators on the commercial side. More effectively engaging underserved and HTR audiences is key to ensuring everyone benefits equitably from efficiency and conservation interventions. In June 2019, energy efficiency, behavior change and HTR researchers, practitioners, and policy makers from five countries embarked on a 3-year project in partnership with the UserCentred Energy Systems Technology Collaboration Programme (Users TCP) by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The purpose of this effort is to characterize the diverse audience segments commonly referred to as HTR and to uncover the barriers and behavioral opportunities to more effectively engage them. This paper describes the first of these efforts. We have synthesized data from a global survey (N=110) and stakeholder interviews with 40+ energy efficiency experts striving to better understand and engage HTR in their respective countries. This paper provides initial insights from this data into how HTR energy users are defined across the world and which segments have been prioritized globally for focused outreach. The overarching goal is to use a standardized research process to inform and improve how energy efficiency, behavior change, and demand response programs targeting specific HTR audiences are designed, implemented and evaluated.
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| 4. |
- Bager, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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How smart are electricity users with ‘Smart Metering’? A Behavioural Economics experiment
- 2015
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Ingår i: 38th International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) Conference. ; , s. 1-1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to examine how behavioural biases affect consumers’ response to energy-use information provided through smart meters (SM). We take insights from behavioural economics and carry out two real-life experiments with SMs and electricity users. The experiments were conducted in Copenhagen (Denmark) to identify and assess the potential of two economic behavioural biases, salience and loss aversion. The results of the first experiment (i.e. installation of SM without further intervention) generally aligned with electricity use reductions found in previous research, and indicate that it may be reasonable to expect a reduction in electricity use in the medium-term (weeks/months) of ~5-7% approximately. Results of the second experiment (i.e. introduction of SM with and without intervention) show that subjecting participants to loss aversion and salience seems to affect their behaviour toward electricity use, as the intervention group reduced their consumption roughly twice as much as the reference group. With due limitations, the results suggest that the delivery of information to energy users needs to take into account not only its pure provision, but how it is designed, framed and presented. At all events, the results and reviewed studies strongly suggest that increased energy efficiency and energy conservation need to be addressed with a mix of policies – not only information schemes or the provision of feedback alone.
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| 5. |
- Bager, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Making ‘Smart Meters’ smarter? Insights from a behavioural economics pilot field experiment in Copenhagen, Denmark
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296. ; 28, s. 68-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the relationship between loss aversion and consumer behaviour in a non-price policy intervention that followed the installation of smart meter (SM) technology. Drawing upon insights from behavioural economics, we propose that consumers underestimate potential gains and overestimate potential financial losses resulting from electricity use. To test the hypothesis, we carried out a pilot study involving the installation of SM technology in Copenhagen, Denmark. The analysis used two baselines, and the differential effects revealed that the provision of loss-framed, salient information reduced daily demand by 7–11%, compared to unframed information. Reductions in standby consumption were more pronounced, with a differential effect of 16–25%. Despite the limitations inherent in a pilot study, notably the small sample size, the findings suggest that policies that address SM technology need to consider not only the pure provision of information, but also how it is designed and presented to users. Several aspects for further research are identified.
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| 6. |
- Boutin, Jean Philippe, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative energy sources in transition countries. The case of bio-energy in the Ukraine
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. - 1582-9596. ; 5:3, s. 471-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the transition to a market economy, many countries with a planned economy in Central and Eastern Europe face similar challenges when the established socio-economic systems and infrastructures deemed inefficient in a market economy. Also new issues are being raised by the trends of globalization and the vision of sustainable development. In the energy sector the challenges raised by the Kyoto Protocol and its implementation mechanisms are especially interesting, because they are intertwined with other socioeconomic sectors. This paper addresses the challenges in the energy sector for transition countries, taking the case of bio-energy in the Ukraine as a prime example of a country undergoing major changes in its economic structures. Given the large potential for bio-energy development in the Ukraine, the current dependence on imported energy resources which threatens the Ukraine’s energy security, and the economic, social and environmental benefits associated with bio-energy, this paper investigates drivers and barriers to an increased use of bio-energy in the Ukraine. The paper was written by a group of MSc students of the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics at Lund University during a field trip to Kiev city and the Lviv region in Ukraine. The field trip has been supported by the Swedish Institute.
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| 7. |
- Collen, Wain Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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Building local institutions for national conservation programs: lessons for developing Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) programs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT. For programs that aim to promote forest conservation and poverty alleviation, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), the participation of indigenous communities is essential to meet program goals. Using Ostrom's theory of collective action for common pool resource management, we evaluated the institutions governing indigenous participation in the Programa Socio Bosque incentive-based conservation program in Ecuador. We conducted structured interviews with 94 members in 4 communities to assess community institutions for 6 of Ostrom's principles, using 12 measures we developed for the principles. We found substantial variation between communities in terms of their institutional performance. The best-performing community performed well (>50% of interviewees reported successfully meeting the measure) on 8 of the 12 measures. The weakest performed well on only 2 out of 12 measures. Overall, our results indicate that there is stronger performance for constitutional-levelinstitutions, which determine who gets to make the rules, and some collective-choice institutions, which determine how local rules are made. We identified specific challenges with the day-to-day operational institutions that arise from participation in nation state–community conservation programs, such as restricted resource appropriation, monitoring and compliance, and conflict resolution. We found that top-down policy making has an important role to play in supporting communities to establish constitutional-level and some collective-choice institutions. However, developing operational institutions may take more time and depend on local families’ day-today use of resources, and thus may require a more nuanced policy approach. As some countries and donors find a jurisdictional REDD+ approach increasingly attractive, complementing top-down policy measures with bottom-up institutional development could provide a stronger platform to achieve the shift from current land use driving deforestation to a lower-carbon-emissions land management trajectory.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Farinelli, Ugo, et al.
(författare)
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"White and Green": Comparison of market-based instruments to promote energy efficiency
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 13:10-11, s. 1015-1026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "White and Green'' project completed under the EU SAVE Programme reviewed policies and measures to promote energy efficiency, which involved analysing the experience with instruments that are already implemented, and assessing innovative instruments that are proposed. In particular, the practicability of using ''White Certificates" energy efficiency) along the same lines as "Green Certificates" (renewable energy) was explored. Several of the policies. and measures, were simulated using technical-economic model of the MARKAL family. The results show that by 2020 it is possible to increase energy effiency by 15% at no cost without taking externalities into account. If externalities are considered, an increase of 30-35% with respect to the business-as-usual scenario is justified. The wealth of information obtained through the models and analysis provides a set of recommendations for policy-makers including: (1) the need for closer co-ordination between energy policies and environmental and climate policies; (2) the opportunity to establish more ambitious targets for energy efficiency; (3) the scope for increased EU co-ordination; (4) the extension of White Certificates to the medium and low energy-intensive industries; (5) the need to support White Certificates with accompanying actions, such as running information campaigns, promoting energy service companies, and, providing dedicated credit lines; (6) the need to develop similar instruments for transport and(7) the continuing need for energy research and development. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 11. |
- Farinelli, Ugo, et al.
(författare)
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"White and Green": Conclusions and Recommendations
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The move towards the liberalisation of the energy markets in the whole world and the general shift from command-and-control to market mechanisms bring forward new ways of stimulating initiatives to increase the efficiency in the final uses of energy and demand-side management. In the past, energy policies were implemented in most countries by direct action of the governments through state monopolies, prescriptive legislation and in some cases incentives. With the progressive advent of liberalisation of the energy market and privatisation of state companies, the emphasis has shifted toward a regulation of the market that introduces economic corrections to take into account collective interests (such as externalities) and long-term objectives, which generally are not taken into due account by market forces in the absence of corrective measures. Policies based on incentives have also shown their limits. As they rarely use market forces effectively, the results obtained tend to have a higher cost than necessary and they may bring to a non-optimal development of new technology. Recently, the emergence of other problems - as shown by the power crisis in Sweden, the insufficient assurance given by the system to security of supply, some concerns about the quality of the service - have prompted a reconsideration of the regulation of the energy market. In this context, it is important to consider the ways in which the increase of the share of energy supplied by renewable sources and the increase in the efficiency of energy utilisation can be promoted. These two measures are considered the mainframe of any sustainable energy strategy and necessary steps to contrast the threats of climate change.
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| 12. |
- Karlin, Beth, et al.
(författare)
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Process matters : Assessing the use of behavioural science methods in applied behavioural programmes
- 2022
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Ingår i: ECEEE 2022 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency : Agents of Change - Agents of Change. - 1653-7025 .- 2001-7960. - 9789198827002 ; , s. 541-549
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioural science methods have significant potential to help policy makers, practitioners and energy programme managers design, implement and evaluate behavioural campaigns addressing hard-to-reach (HTR) energy users. But when facing budget and logistic constraints, how many real-life programmes actually follow through? How are behavioural science methods actually applied in a real-world setting? This paper presents a scientific process for behaviour change programmes - the “Building Blocks of Behaviour Change” - and analyses 19 case studies from seven countries to see how many are actually utilising these methods in practice. The case studies focus specifically on HTR energy users and the authors also share their perspectives in feasibility and acceptability of utilising such a process in their work. We found that most programmes utilised some behavioural science research methods, but few followed a full scientific “best practice” process. Limitations of this study include selection bias (the case studies for analysis were chosen by country experts), design issues and some missing data in the cases with regards to exact methods employed. But it is the first study of its kind, to our knowledge, that takes a look at the extent of how scientific methods are being applied in the real world with HTR energy users. Based on this comparative analysis of the cases and feedback from the case study authors, we present recommendations on how programmes can continue to realistically integrate best practice methods into their programmes while also meeting budget, competency, and timeline constraints.
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| 13. |
- Kiss, Bernadett, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring transaction costs in passive house-oriented retrofitting
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy Policy and Strategies for Europe : 14th IAEE European Energy Conference - 14th IAEE European Energy Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to tap the energy saving and climate mitigation potential of the building sector, transaction costs of implementing energy efficient technologies need to be better understood and ultimately reduced. The objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the nature and scale of transaction costs resulting from the application of the passive house concept in energy efficient renovations. Related conceptual choices are also discussed. Our study explores measures to promote learning and knowledge development as potential strategies to reduce transaction costs. It focuses on transaction costs borne by building owners and building developers in the planning and implementation phases of a passive house-oriented renovation in Sweden. Results reveal three main sources of transaction costs: due diligence, negotiations and monitoring. The analysis shows that transaction costs are non-negligible, and for individual cost sources the scale can be 200% higher than for conventional renovations. To reduce transaction costs, various strategies such as study visits, demonstration projects, new forms of meetings and new channels of (written) information were found.
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| 14. |
- Kiss, Bernadett, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Instruments for Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Experiences and Lessons from the Nordic Countries
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries have often been seen as “fore-runners” of energy efficiency in buildings – in both the implementation of policy instruments and the evaluation of effects. Since the 1970s, the Nordic countries have introduced a range of policy instruments for energy conservation in buildings. The choice of instruments and experiences, however differs between countries. The aim of this study is to review policy instruments for energy efficiency in buildings in the Nordic countries as well as to analyse how to advance related learning processes. The study discusses traditional and innovative policy instruments, organisational matters, and policy evaluations. An overall observation from this study is that Sweden is “slowing down” its energy efficiency activities in the building sector, while Denmark, Finland and Norway are all “speeding up”. Denmark is leading the way on implementing policy instruments, which are long-term, strategic, innovative and well-supported by the organisational structure. This study also concludes that energy efficiency often lacks influential organisations to “drive” efforts forwards – in terms of information, networking, research and innovation. Finally, there is often no strategic approach to evaluations in the Nordic countries with a focus on how to improve learning.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lehner, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumer in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:5030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1) If policy-makers and businesses are to encourage consumers to participate in circular consumption systems, knowledge is needed about what motivates consumers to choose different disposal options. This paper aims to shed light on what motivates consumers to engage in circular home textile disposal practices. (2) Quantitative data was collected through a survey of members of the IKEA Family programme (N = 238), and logistic regressions were carried out to complement the quantitative analysis. Qualitative data was collected in semi-structured interviews with a total of 24 Swedish consumers. (3) Our findings show that donating and discarding are the most common options for handling home textiles, followed by reusing/storing, repairing, and reselling. Regression results indicate that environmental concerns, convenience, and economic reasons are the dominant motivations in choosing a disposal option. Prosocial behaviour and normative issues play a lesser role. (4) We recommend that policy-makers and businesses work to increase convenience of consumers’ participation in circular product practices, and continually communicate environmental benefits of circular disposal options. Businesses and policy-makers aiming to make circular consumption more attractive also need to ensure economic benefits for consumers.
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| 18. |
- Lovins, Amory, et al.
(författare)
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Recalibrating Climate Prospects
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IPCC's 2018 Special Report is a stark and bracing reminder of climate threats. Yet literature, reportage, and public discourse reflect imbalanced risk and opportunity. Climate science often understates changes' speed and nonlinearity, but Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and similar studies often understate realistic mitigation options. Since ~2010, global mitigation of fossil CO2—including by often-uncounted modern renewable heat comparable to solar-plus-wind electricity—has accelerated to about the pace (if sustained) needed for a 2 °C trajectory. Mitigation has uncertainties, emergent properties, feasibility thresholds, and nonlinearities at least comparable to climate's, creating opportunities for aggressive action. Renewable electricity's swift uptake can now be echoed as proven integrative design can make end-use efficiency severalfold larger and cheaper, often with increasing returns (lower cost with rising quantity). Saved energy—the world's largest decarbonizer and energy 'source' (bigger than oil)—can then potentiate renewables and cut supply investments, as a few recent efficiency-centric IAMs confirm. Optimizing choices, combinations, timing, and sequencing of technologies, urban form, behavioral shifts, etc could save still more energy, money, and time. Some rigorous engineering-based national studies outside standard climate literature even imply potential 1.5 °C global trajectories cheaper than business-as-usual. A complementary opportunity—rapidly and durably abating hydrocarbon industries' deliberate upstream CH4 releases from flares and engineered vents, by any large operator's profitably abating its own and others' emissions—could stabilize (or more) the global methane cycle and buy time to abate more CO2. Together, these findings justify sober recalibration of the prospects for a fairer, healthier, cooler, and safer world. Supported by other disciplines, improved IAMs can illuminate this potential and support its refinement. Ambitious policies and aggressive marketplace and societal adoption of profitable new abatement opportunities need not wait for better models, but better models would help them to attract merited attention, scale faster, and turn numbing despair into collectively powerful applied hope.
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| 19. |
- McCauley, Darren, et al.
(författare)
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Energy justice in the transition to low carbon energy systems : Exploring key themes in interdisciplinary research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619. ; 233-234, s. 916-921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the dual challenges of reducing emissions from fossil fuels and providing access to clean and affordable energy, there is an imperative for a transition to a low carbon energy system. The transition must take into consideration questions of energy justice to ensure that policies, plans and programmes guarantee fair and equitable access to resources and technologies. An energy justice framework is outlined to account for distributional, procedural and recognition inequalities, as well as emerging themes such as cosmopolitan and non-Western understandings of justice, in decision-making relating to energy systems. The spectrum of research offers critical perspectives on the energy transition as well as tools for decision-making and policy processes. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods all contribute to our understanding of the problems and the success of responses. The studies presented in this special issue illustrate that the field of energy justice is a rapidly growing arena. There is constant innovation taking place in enabling the transition with new structures, processes and metrics being introduced to guide decision-making and a more holistic view of the community emerging where acceptance, mobilisation and empowerment are opening possibilities for a just transition to a low carbon energy system. The importance of introducing the interdisciplinary approach between social sciences and natural sciences as well engineering implementation supported by scientific data and experiments shall be emphasized in future studies.
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| 20. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 21. |
- Mundaca, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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A decomposition approach to evaluating the progress of the New Green Economy
- 2012
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various policy instruments and policy reforms are being implemented to encourage Green Growth and Green Economy. However, comprehensive ex-post evaluation policy methods have yet to be developed. The emerging literature shows that there is substantial ambiguity and discrepancy about how to measure the performance of policy instruments driving a Green Economy in general and, in our case, a Green Energy Economy (GEE) in particular. Observed methodologies have tended to measure progress according to expenditure on green initiatives as a proportion of GDP. This paper aims to move beyond this by applying an approach that gives consideration to policy and economy-wide aspects that drive, or have an impact on, energy production and carbon emissions. The core methodology is based on a macro decomposition analysis using an empirical quantitative approach. It is supported by correlation and regression analyses and framed by both policy-oriented research and policy evaluation. To achieve this, time-series data from the International Energy Agency are used. The analysis is applied to three countries, Sweden, the UK and China. Then, the proposed methodology is preliminarily assessed against the following criteria: (1) policy compatibility, (2) reliability and (3) measurability. The focus is on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
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| 22. |
- Mundaca, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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A Meta-Analysis of Bottom-Up Ex-Ante Energy Efficiency Policy Evaluation Studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Energy Program Evaluation Conferences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency ex-ante policy evaluation is commonly, but not exclusively, concerned with the simulation and modelling of policy instruments and resulting technological change. Using the residential sector as case study, the paper provides a meta-analysis of models and modelling exercises and scrutinise their relevance for the field of energy efficiency policy evaluation. The methodology of study is based on: identification of modelling methodologies, selection of case studies, and cross-case analysis. We identify four types of ex-ante methodological modelling categories: simulation, optimisation, accounting and hybrid models. The analysis shows that modelling exercises have impact evaluation as their main research goal. Market and behavioural imperfections are often not explicitly captured and sometimes the use of implicit discount rates is identified to address this critical issue. Regarding modelled policy instruments, the majority of the cases focus on regulatory aspects (e.g. minimum performance standards, building codes). For the rest, evaluations focus on economically-driven policy instruments which are represented through technical factors and costs of measures. Informative policy instruments were identified as being much less modelled. Regarding modelling outcomes, studies are very context-specific so no generalisations can be made. The findings confirm some of the criticism and flaws related to bottom-up energy-economy modelling tools. At the same time, the study stresses that, albeit imperfectly, well-formulated energy modelling tools provide valuable frameworks for organising complex and extensive end-use data. Findings strongly suggest that there is no single-best method to evaluate (residential) energy efficiency policy instruments. Potential research areas to further advance energy-economy models are identified.
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| 23. |
- Mundaca, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-criteria evaluation framework for tradable white certificate schemes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6777 .- 0301-4215. ; 37:11, s. 4557-4573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have witnessed regained political momentum on energy efficiency and interest in establishing markets is growing. As a result, Tradable White Certificate (TWC) schemes of differing design have been implemented in Great Britain, Italy and France. Much attention is being paid to justifying and evaluating such schemes. In this paper, we develop and apply a multi-criteria framework for evaluating TWC schemes-an approach that attempts to cover their individual design features. A broad evaluation is conducted regarding energy-saving and environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency, cost-effectiveness, transaction costs, political feasibility, administrative burden and technical change. The results show the design and performance of TWC schemes to be case and context-specific, and generalisations are thus inappropriate. This evaluation supports the cost-effectiveness modelled for the British scheme and the assumption that a TWC scheme is an economically efficient policy instrument. For the other, more complex TWC schemes, more data and experience are needed to judge their ex-post merit. On the whole, the proposed multi-criteria evaluation requires considerable data and complementary methods. However, the framework improves the understanding of the broad effects and attributes of TWC schemes. It deals with various empirical and normative aspects that can be applied in their evaluation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Mundaca, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing ‘Green Energy Economy’ policies for transforming the building stock in Shanghai
- 2014
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2008–2009 global financial crisis triggered ‘Green Energy Economy’ (GEE) policy packages to stimulate green growth in many countries. China soon became a leader and, supported by its 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010), devoted approximately one-third of its US$ 647 billion stimulus package to green energy technologies. Since then, numerous policy instruments have been implemented to encourage ‘Green Buildings’. We take the Chinese city of Shanghai as a case study as it has the largest population, urbanization ratio and GDP in China and evaluate the performance of GEE policies targeted at the multi-household building sector. We use a bottom-up modelling tool to quantitatively estimate alternative baselines and assess different policy scenarios for the period 2010–2050. We measure the performance of policies in relation to energy use, efficiency improvements, CO2 emissions and net direct economic impacts. Our results suggest that current GEE policies are insufficient to stimulate radical change in the building sector. When unambitious policy measures are implemented in isolation, they provide marginal improvements compared to current building codes. The retrofitting of existing buildings is both a significant policy challenge, and offers fertile ground for improvements. Our results show that ambitious, technology-oriented financial incentives for both new and existing buildings, including energy price reform and a CO2 tax offer the right mix of incentives for green building transformation. When the social costs of climate change are taken into account, an integrated policy mix also delivers the highest net economic benefits. We conclude that policies must be more ambitious and include an integrated mix of instruments in order to drive a low-carbon transformation of both new and existing buildings in Shanghai. Finally, the theoretical impacts and potential benefits of GEE policy instruments must not underestimate the challenges associated with their design, implementation and enforcement.
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| 25. |
- Mundaca, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing ‘Green Energy Economy’ stimulus packages: Evidence from the U.S. programs targeting renewable energy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321. ; 42, s. 1174-1186
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper provides a comprehensive empirical assessment of American stimulus policies aimed at renewable energy (RE) technologies. We use an indicator-based methodology to assess progress with respect to energy, environmental and socio-economic issues resulting from RE stimulus programs linked to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and review and analyze the emerging but scattered literature. Overall, our results indicate that stimulus programs have had a positive effect on the RE sector. This is despite the fact that they were originally planned to work in combination with a greenhouse gas ‘cap-and-trade’ system, which has not been implemented. From the methodological perspective, our approach is resource-intensive and our analysis highlights numerous challenges, notably related to causality and additionality. Despite these limitations, this research improves our understanding of the broad effects and impacts of RE stimulus programs.
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