| 1. |
- Petrovic, Bojana, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of a wooden single-family house in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 251, s. 1456-1465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the reasons behind the large environmental impact from buildings the whole life cycle needs to be considered. Therefore, this study evaluates the carbon dioxide emissions in all stages of a single-family house in Sweden from the production of building materials, followed by construction and user stages until the end-of-life of the building in a life cycle assessment (LCA). The methodology applied is attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) based on `One Click LCA' tool and a calculated life span of 100 years. Global warming potential (GWP) and primary energy (PE) are calculated by using specific data from the case study, furthermore the data regarding building materials are based on Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). The results show that the selection of wood-based materials has a significantly lower impact on the carbon dioxide emissions in comparison with non-wood based materials. The total emissions for this single-family house in Sweden are 6 kg CO2e/m2/year. The production stage of building materials, including building systems and installations represent 30% of the total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, while the maintenance and replacement part represents 37%. However, energy use during the in-use stage of the house recorded lower environmental impact (21%) due to the Swedish electricity mix that is mostly based on energy sources with low carbon dioxide emissions. The water consumption, construction and the end-of-life stages have shown minor contribution to the buildings total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (12%). The primary energy indicator shows the largest share in the operational phase of the house.
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| 2. |
- Petrovic, Bojana, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of building materials for a single-family house in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 158, s. 3547-3552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries have shown great interest in using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the building sector compared to the past years. Sweden has set up an objective to be carbon neutral (no greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere) by 2045. This paper presents a case study of a single-family house "Dalarnas Villa" in the region Dalarna, Sweden within a 100-year perspective. The assessment is implemented using a new software based on hard data agreed by Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). It focuses on building materials, transport distances of the materials, and replacement of essential construction materials. The LCA in this study demonstrates the environmental impact related to building materials from production and construction phase including transport, replacement and deconstruction phase. The study does not cover energy use and water consumption. The results show that the building slab made by concrete is the part of the construction most contributing to CO2e, while the wood frame and cellulose insulation have low environmental impact. Replacement of materials takes nearly half of total environmental impact over 100 years. Having a large share of wood-based products, make greenhouse gas emissions remains low. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of ICAE2018 - The 10th International Conference on Applied Energy.
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| 3. |
- Garman, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Demand control and constant flow ventilation compared in an exhaust ventilated bedroom in a cold-climate single-family house
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Intelligent Buildings International. - : Elsevier. - 1750-8975 .- 1756-6932. ; 15:4, s. 175-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A convertible, zoned ventilation system was field-tested in a modern, airtight Swedish home when occupied either by an experimental team or by a family. Indoor air quality in the master bedroom was monitored under four ventilation strategies. Relative to constant air volume strategies (CAV), demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) that was responding to CO2 concentration extracted more air when people were present, but less in total over 24 h. This elevated the indoor air humidity, beneficial in climates with dry winter air. Multiple monitors within the bedroom indicated that vertical CO2 stratification occurred routinely, presumably due to low mixing of supply air from a wall-mounted diffuse vent, spreading the air radially over the wall. This seemingly improved air quality in the breathing zone under local (ceiling) extract ventilation but worsened it during more typical, centralised extract ventilation, where air escapes the room via an inner doorway. The local extract arrangement thus seemed to yield both improved ventilation efficiency and reduced contaminant spread to other rooms. The noted air quality variations within the room highlight the importance of sensor placement in demand-control ventilated spaces, even in small rooms such as bedrooms.
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| 4. |
- Gu, Yaxiu, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic analysis of a solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) concentrator for building application in Sweden using Monte Carlo method
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 165, s. 8-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solar energy share in Sweden will grow up significantly in next a few decades. Such transition offers not only great opportunity but also uncertainties for the emerging solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technologies. This paper therefore aims to conduct a techno-economic evaluation of a reference solar PV/T concentrator in Sweden for building application. An analytical model is developed based on the combinations of Monte Carlo simulation techniques and multi energy-balance/financial equations, which takes into account of the integrated uncertainties and risks of various variables. In the model, 11 essential input variables, i.e. average daily solar irradiance, electrical/thermal efficiency, prices of electricity/heating, operation & management (OM) cost, PV/T capital cost, debt to equity ratio, interest rate, discount rate, and inflation rate, are considered, while the economic evaluation metrics, such as levelized cost of energy (LCOE), net present value (NPV), and payback period (PP), are primarily assessed. According to the analytical results, the mean values of LCOE, NPV and PP of the reference PV/T connector are observed at 1.27 SEK/kW h (0.127 €/kW h), 18,812.55 SEK (1881.255 €) and 10 years during its 25 years lifespan, given the project size at 10.37 m2 and capital cost at 4482–5378 SEK/m2 (448.2–537.8 €/m2). The positive NPV indicates that the investment on the selected PV/T concentrator will be profitable as the projected earnings exceeds the anticipated costs, depending on the NPV decision rule. The sensitivity analysis and the parametric study illustrate that the economic performance of the reference PV/T concentrator in Sweden is mostly proportional to solar irradiance, debt to equity ratio and heating price, but disproportionate to capital cost and discount rate. Together with additional market analysis of PV/T technologies in Sweden, it is expected that this paper could clarify the economic situation of PV/T technologies in Sweden and provide a useful model for their further investment decisions, in order to achieve sustainable and low-carbon economics, with an expanded quantitative discussion of the real economic or policy scenarios that may lead to those outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Henning, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Sociala perspektiv på termisk komfort vid renovering av Tjärna Ängar.
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Hållbar renovering ur ett helhetsperspektiv.. - Lund : Lunds universitet. - 9789188722652 ; , s. 41-46
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1960- och 70-talens ”miljonprogram” gav upphov till en snabb tillväxt av nya hyreshus och förortsområden. Idag är de flesta av dessa bostadsområden i stort behov av renovering, och olika insatser görs för att få byggnaderna mer energieffektiva. Ett av de områden som just nu genomgår sådan renovering och energieffektivisering är Tjärna Ängar i Borlänge. Renoveringsarbetet studeras av ett flervetenskapligt forskningsteam vid Högskolan Dalarna, och artikeln utgår från intervjuer och mätningar som genomförts före respektive efter renovering av tre testhus. Resultaten bygger framförallt på intervjuer med representanter för bostadsbolaget och intervjuer med män och kvinnor boende i ett av dessa flerbostadshus. Artikeln diskuterar de boendes negativa upplevelse av termisk komfort, en faktor som inte var så tydlig vid mätningarna, men som blev mycket framträdande i intervjuresultaten. Vi menar att upplevelser av dålig termisk komfort innebär att även renoveringens sociala hållbarhet skulle kunna ses som bristfällig. Utgångspunkten för detta påstående är en definition av social hållbarhet som framförts av Liu, Dijst, Geertman and Cui (2017). Dessa författare har, utifrån en litteraturöversikt av hur begreppet ”social hållbarhet” hittills definierats inom olika discipliner, föreslagit ett begreppsmässigt ramverk för social hållbarhet som består av två kontextualiserade komponenter: välbefinnande och social rättvisa. Bristande termisk komfort bland de boende visade sig i vår studie ha stora kopplingar till både bristande välbefinnande och social rättvisa. Men problematiken har även viktiga kopplingar till möjligheten att spara energi i samband med renovering av miljonprogramområden. Artikeln inleds med några ord om hur den termiska komforten sett ut i byggnaden före respektive efter renoveringen. Därefter påtalas vikten av att se olikheter i upplevelsen av termisk komfort, dels i form av en genusskillnad, dels som en särskild sårbarhet i vissa situationer, liksom olikheter i målsättning och strategier hos bostadsbolag respektive boende. Därefter följer en diskussion om möjligheter och svårigheter i att kombinera energibesparing med välbefinnande och rättvisa. Slutligen dras slutsatsen att varje renovering måste betraktas som unik.
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| 6. |
- Khadra, Alaa, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a Weight Factor Method for Sustainability Decisions in Building Renovation : Case Study Using Renobuild
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 12:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency investments have become strategically important for the European Union. In particular, energy efficient renovation and investment in the existing building stock have become major challenges. Renovation of a building should involve a holistic and integrated design process, which considers all aspects of sustainability. The aim of this work is to suggest a mathematical model that weighs economic, social and ecological aspects into a measure that supports housing owners/decision makers to find the optimal renovation alternative from their perspective, taking factors such as budget, energy consumption, etc. into consideration. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) concerns structuring and solving multiple-criteria decision problems. MCDM has become popular in energy planning as it enables the decision maker to pay attention to all the criteria available and make the appropriate decision as per the priority of the criteria. In this study, the concept is introduced based on economic, social and ecological aspects assessed during a renovation project. A pedagogical example illustrates the suggested numerical system for comparing different renovation alternatives. The suggested method will facilitate decision-making processes in renovation projects and will allow decision makers to choose the best renovation alternatives that are in line with their business ideas and principles.
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| 7. |
- Khadra, Alaa, et al.
(författare)
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Economic performance assessment of three renovated multi-family buildings with different HVAC systems
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 224
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU has adopted several policies to improve energy efficiency. One of these policies aims to achieve energy efficient renovations in at least 3% annually of buildings in EU. The aim of this study was to provide an accurate economic comparison between three similar multi-family buildings that have undergone the same energy efficiency measures, with essential differences regarding the installed ventilation systems. The selected ventilation systems were: 1) balanced mechanical ventilation with heat recovery; 2) exhaust ventilation with air pressure control; and 3) exhaust ventilation with an exhaust air heat pump. In the latter two cases, radiators pre-heat supply air. Life cycle cost analysis were conducted using real investment and operational costs for the three buildings. Sensitivity analysis was also made for different discount rates and energy price escalation patterns. It was found that the building with exhaust ventilation has the lowest life cycle cost. At 2% inflation rate, 3% real discount rate and 1% real energy price escalation, the building with exhaust air heat pump and the building with mechanical ventilation with heat recovery has 13% and 29% higher life cycle cost than the building with exhaust ventilation, respectively. The sensitivity analysis further showed that a lower discount rate gives higher future costs and gives more profitability of systems with heat recovery with lower future costs. Energy price assumptions have a crucial impact on the results and change the profitability of studied renovation packages.
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| 8. |
- Khadra, Alaa, et al.
(författare)
-
Greenhouse Gas Payback Time of Different HVAC Systems in the Renovation of Nordic District-Heated Multifamily Buildings Considering Future Energy Production Scenarios
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 14:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) has implemented several policies to enhance energy efficiency. Among these policies is the objective of achieving energy-efficient renovations in at least 3% of EU buildings annually. The primary aim of this study was to offer a precise environmental comparison among four similar district-heated multifamily buildings that have undergone identical energy efficiency measures. The key distinguishing factor among them lies in the HVAC systems installed. The chosen systems were as follows: (1) exhaust ventilation with air pressure control; (2) mechanical ventilation with heat recovery; (3) exhaust ventilation with an exhaust air heat pump; and (4) exhaust ventilation with an exhaust air heat pump with a Photovoltaic (PV) panel. This study involved a life cycle assessment that relied on actual material data from the housing company and energy consumption measurements. This study covered a period of 50 years for thorough analysis. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to account for various future scenarios of energy production. The findings revealed that the building with an exhaust air heat pump exhibited the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and the shortest carbon payback period (GBPT), needing only around 7 years. In contrast, the building with exhaust ventilation without heat recovery showed the highest emissions and the longest carbon payback period (GBPT), requiring approximately 11 years. Notably, the results were significantly influenced by future scenarios of energy production, emphasizing the crucial role of emission factors in determining the environmental performance of distinct renovation scenarios.
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| 9. |
- Lidberg, Tina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing different building energy efficiency refurbishment packages performed within different district heating systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 105, s. 1719-1724, s. 1719-1724, s. 1719-1724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyses the differences in primary energy (PE) use of a multi-family building refurbished with different refurbishment packages situated in different district heating systems (DHS). Four models of typical DHS are defined to represent the Swedish DH sector. The refurbishment packages are chosen to represent typical, yet innovative ways to improve the energy efficiency of a representative multi-family building in Sweden. The study was made from a broad system perspective, including valuation of changes in electricity use on the margin. The results show a significant difference in PE savings for the different refurbishment packages, depending on both the package itself as well as the type of DHS. Also, the package giving the lowest specific energy use per m2 was not the one which saved the most PE. © 2017 The Authors.
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| 10. |
- Lidberg, Tina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental impact of energy refurbishment of buildings within different district heating systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 227, s. 231-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The refurbishment of existing buildings is often considered a way to reduce energy use and CO2 emissions in the building stock. This study analyses the primary energy and CO2 impact of refurbishing a multi-family house with different refurbishment packages, given various district heating systems. Four models of typical district heating systems were defined to represent the Swedish district heating sector. The refurbishment packages were chosen to represent typical, yet innovative ways to improve the energy efficiency and indoor climate of a multi-family house. The study was made from a system perspective, including the valuation of changes in electricity use on the margin. The results show a significant difference in primary energy use for the different refurbishment packages, depending on both the package itself as well as the type of district heating system. While the packages with heat pumps had the lowest final energy use per m(2) of floor area, air heat recovery proved to reduce primary energy use and emissions of CO2-equivalents more, independent of the type of district heating system, as it leads to a smaller increase in electricity use.
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| 11. |
- Myhren, Jonn Are, 1979-
(författare)
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Potential of Ventilation Radiators : Performance evaluation by numerical, analytical and experimental means
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy consumption for heating and ventilation of buildings is still in 2011considered far too high, but there are many ways to save energy and construct lowenergy buildings that have not been fully utilised. This doctoral thesis has focused onone of these - low temperature heating systems. Particular attention has been given tothe ventilation radiator adapted for exhaust-ventilated buildings because of itspotential as a low energy consuming, easily-operated, environmentally-friendlysystem that might also ensure occupant health and well-being. Investigations were based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations andanalytical calculations, with laboratory experiments used for validation. Main conclusions: Low and very low temperature heating systems, such as floor heating, in general createan indoor climate with low air speeds and low temperature differences in the room, whichis beneficial for thermal comfort. A typical disadvantage, however, was found to beweakness in counteracting cold down-flow from ventilation air supply units in exhaustventilatedbuildings. with ventilation radiators, unlike most other low temperature systems, it was found thatthe risk of cold draught could be reduced while still maintaining a high ventilation rateeven in cold northern European winters. ventilation radiators were found to be more thermally efficient than traditional radiators. design of ventilation radiators could be further modified for improved thermal efficiency. at an outdoor temperature of -15 °C the most efficient models were able to give doublethe heat output of traditional radiators. Also, by substituting the most efficient ventilationradiators for traditional radiators operating at 55 °C supply water temperature, it wasfound that supply water temperature could be reduced to 35 °C while heat outputremained the same and comfort criteria were met. lowering the supply water temperature by 20 °C (as described above) could givecombined energy savings for heating and ventilation of 14-30 % in a system utilising aheat pump. supply water temperatures as low as 35 °C could increase potential for utilising lowtemperature heat sources such as sun-, ground-, water- or waste-heat. This would beparticularly relevant to new-built “green” energy-efficient buildings, but severaladvantages may apply to retrofit applications as well. Successful application of ventilation radiators requires understanding of relevant buildingfactors, and the appropriate number, positioning and size of radiators for best effect.Evaluation studies must be made at the level of the building as a whole, not just for theheating-ventilation system. This work demonstrated that increased use of well-designed ventilation radiatorarrangements can help to meet regulations issued in 2008 by the Swedish Departmentof Housing (Boverket BBR 16) and goals set in the Energy Performance of BuildingsDirective (EPBD) in the same year.
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| 12. |
- Myhren, Jonn Are, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The perception of Swedish housing owner’s on the strategies to increase the rate of energy efficient refurbishment of multi-family buildings
- 2020
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Ingår i: Intelligent Buildings International. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1750-8975 .- 1756-6932. ; 12:3, s. 153-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving the energy performance of existing buildings is crucial for reaching both EU and national climate and energy targets. The main objective of this study was to map challenges that Swedish housing owners perceive when making energy-efficiency refurbishments. A secondary objective was to compare how well these challenges relate to national strategies. The study applied a combined methods approach with audience response meters and in-depth qualitative semi-structured interviews. The housing owners express the view that they have sufficient knowledge of national ambitions to improve the energy performance of buildings and welcome the new building regulations. Despite this supposed knowledge and the current economic situation with beneficial loans, the refurbishment rate still remains low. The housing owners explain that they are concerned about the ‘performance gap’ and request more accurate energy performance predictions. They are also waiting for proof that all sustainability goals can be reached in reality. Probably, too few projects fulfilling ambitions in all categories: economically, socially and energy-wise have been followed up and demonstrated nationally. The new national information centre on refurbishment of buildings may help to spread information about such projects, raise awareness and thus increase the refurbishment rate.
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| 13. |
- Shen, Jingchun, et al.
(författare)
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Offerings and challenges of demand response ventilation under covid-19 scenarios
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th IBPSA Conference Bruges, Belgium, Sept. 1-3, 2021. - : International Building Performance Simulation Association. - 9781775052029 ; , s. 2368-2373
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owning to the outbreak of COVID-19, individuals have to spend more time indoor. It is therefore essential to prepare for a long-term healthy indoor working environment in the transition of post COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is no relevant research so far in investigating such crisis impacts around indoor environmental quality and economic-health issues while home offices are expected becoming common practice soon. Therefore, a case of single-family house in Sweden is specially investigated using IDA ICE. By comparing four predominant ventilation approaches, three operational schedules are proposed, covering different confinement for occupants. Main results show that the demand response ventilation (DRV) generally should sacrifice in remarkable performance in energy saving, and emission reduction to better confront with more challenges in indoor air quality, occupied thermal dissatisfaction fraction and air stagnation under the challenge of COVID-19 pandemic scenario. Altered ventilation strategy should be customized from increased outdoor air supply, various demand-control signal, displacement method towards a heathier homeworking environment. © International Building Performance Simulation Association, 2022
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| 14. |
- Swing Gustafsson, Moa
(författare)
-
Heating of buildings from a system perspective
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in buildings are considered to have great potential for reducing total energy use, and contribute to a reduced climate and environmental impact. In Sweden, however, there is a focus on bought energy, which does not always reflect the environmental and climate impact. Focusing on bought energy means that a house owner may choose an electricity based heat pump instead of district heating (DH), since heat pumps result in less bought energy compared to DH.The energy system surrounding the buildings is affected by the choice of energy carriers used for heating. This thesis uses three different methods to study how the energy system is affected. In the first part, primary energy use has been calculated for a simulated building with different heating systems, resulting in different electricity and DH demands. The second part studies the impact on peak demand and annual consumption in the power grid and DH system due to different market shares of electricity based heating and DH. In the third part, the life cycle cost is calculated for different heating solutions from both a building and a socio-economic perspective, for 100 % renewable energy system scenarios.The results show that the choice of energy carrier has a great influence on primary energy use. However, this depends even more on the calculation method used. Which heating solution, and thus which energy carrier, gives the lowest primary energy use varies with the different methods.The power grid and DH system are affected by the choice of energy carrier. There is a potential to lower peak demand in the power grid by more efficient heat pumps. But an even greater potential is shown by using DH instead of electricity based heating. A larger share of DH also allows the production of more electricity with the use of combined heat and power.The life cycle cost for different heating solutions also depends on the method used. From a building owner’s perspective, with current electricity and DH prices, electricity based heating is more economical. However, from a socio-economic perspective, with increasing electricity system costs due to a larger share of variable electricity production in a 100 % renewable system, DH becomes more economically profitable in several scenarios.The choice of energy carrier for heating in buildings affects the energy system to a high degree. A system perspective is therefore important in local, national and global energy efficiency policies and projects.
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| 15. |
- Swing Gustafsson, Moa, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle cost of building energy renovation measures, considering future energy production scenarios
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common way of calculating the life cycle cost (LCC) of building renovation measures is to approach it from the building side, where the energy system is considered by calculating the savings in the form of less bought energy. In this study a wider perspective is introduced. The LCC for three different energy renovation measures, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and two different heat pump systems, are compared to a reference case, a building connected to the district heating system. The energy system supplying the building is assumed to be 100% renewable, where eight different future scenarios are considered. The LCC is calculated as the total cost for the renovation measures and the energy systems. All renovation measures result in a lower district heating demand, at the expense of an increased electricity demand. All renovation measures also result in an increased LCC, compared to the reference building. When aiming for a transformation towards a 100% renewable system in the future, this study shows the importance of having a system perspective, and also taking possible future production scenarios into consideration when evaluating building renovation measures that are carried out today, but will last for several years, in which the energy production system, hopefully, will change.
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| 16. |
- Swing Gustafsson, Moa, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle cost of heat supply to areas with detached houses : a comparison of district heating and heat pumps from an energy system perspective
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 11:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are different views on whether district heating (DH) or heat pumps (HPs) is or are the best heating solution in order to reach a 100% renewable energy system. This article investigates the economic perspective, by calculating and comparing the energy system life cycle cost (LCC) for the two solutions in areas with detached houses. The LCC is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, where all input data is varied according to predefined probability distributions. In addition to the parameter variations, 16 different scenarios are evaluated regarding the main fuel for the DH, the percentage of combined heat and power (CHP), the DH temperature level, and the type of electrical backup power. Although HP is the case with the lowest LCC for most of the scenarios, there are alternatives for each scenario in which either HP or DH has the lowest LCC. In alternative scenarios with additional electricity transmission costs, and a marginal cost perspective regarding the CHP investment, DH has the lowest LCC overall, taking into account all scenarios. The study concludes that the decision based on energy system economy on whether DH should expand into areas with detached houses must take local conditions into consideration.
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| 17. |
- Swing Gustafsson, Moa, et al.
(författare)
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Potential for district heating to lower peak electricity demand in a medium-size municipality in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 186, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden faces several challenges with more intermittent power in the energy system. One challenge is to have enough power available in periods with low intermittent production. A solution could be to reduce peak demand and at the same time produce more electricity during these hours. One way of doing this is to convert electricity-based heating in buildings to district heating based on combined heat and power. The study analyzes how much a Swedish municipality can contribute to lowering peak electricity demand. This is done by quantifying the potential to reduce the peak demand for six different scenarios of the future heat demand and heat market shares regarding two different energy carriers: electricity-based heating and district heating. The main finding is that there is a huge potential to decrease peak power demand by the choice of energy carrier for the buildings’ heating system. In order to lower electricity peak demand in the future, the choice of heating system is more important than reducing the heat demand itself. For the scenario with a large share of district heating, it is possible to cover the electricity peak demand in the municipality by using combined heat and power.
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