| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Saliba-Gustafsson, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression are modulated by PLIN2 through a feed-forward loop between LXR and autophagy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 286:6, s. 660-675
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of both myocardial infarction and stroke. We have previously shown that the Pro251 variant of perilipin-2 reduces plasma triglycerides and may therefore be beneficial to reduce atherosclerosis development. Objective We sought to delineate putative beneficial effects of the Pro251 variant of perlipin-2 on subclinical atherosclerosis and the mechanism by which it acts. Methods A pan-European cohort of high-risk individuals where carotid intima-media thickness has been assessed was adopted. Human primary monocyte-derived macrophages were prepared from whole blood from individuals recruited by perilipin-2 genotype or from buffy coats from the Karolinska University hospital blood central. Results The Pro251 variant of perilipin-2 is associated with decreased intima-media thickness at baseline and over 30 months of follow-up. Using human primary monocyte-derived macrophages from carriers of the beneficial Pro251 variant, we show that this variant increases autophagy activity, cholesterol efflux and a controlled inflammatory response. Through extensive mechanistic studies, we demonstrate that increase in autophagy activity is accompanied with an increase in liver-X-receptor (LXR) activity and that LXR and autophagy reciprocally activate each other in a feed-forward loop, regulated by CYP27A1 and 27OH-cholesterol. Conclusions For the first time, we show that perilipin-2 affects susceptibility to human atherosclerosis through activation of autophagy and stimulation of cholesterol efflux. We demonstrate that perilipin-2 modulates levels of the LXR ligand 27OH-cholesterol and initiates a feed-forward loop where LXR and autophagy reciprocally activate each other; the mechanism by which perilipin-2 exerts its beneficial effects on subclinical atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Airiskallio, E., et al.
(författare)
-
High temperature oxidation of Fe-Al and Fe-Cr-Al alloys : The role of Cr as a chemically active element
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 52:10, s. 3394-3404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Good high-temperature corrosion resistance of Fe-Al alloys in oxidizing environments is due to the alpha-Al2O3 film which is formed on the surface provided temperature is above 900 degrees C and the Al-content of the alloy exceeds the critical value. Ab initio calculations combined with experiments on Fe-13Al, Fe-18Al, Fe-23Al and Fe-10Cr-10Al alloys show that the beneficial effect of Cr on the oxidation resistance is significantly related to bulk effects. The comparison of experimental and calculated results indicates a clear correlation between the Fe-Cr chemical potential difference and the formation of the protective oxide scales. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
- Airiskallio, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Third element effect in the surface zone of Fe-Cr-Al alloys
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The third element effect to improve the high temperature corrosion resistance of the low-Al Fe-Cr-Al alloys is suggested to involve a mechanism that boosts the recovering of the Al concentration to the required level in the Al-depleted zone beneath the oxide layer. We propose that the key factor in this mechanism is the coexistent Cr depletion that helps to maintain a sufficient Al content in the depleted zone. Several previous experiments related to our study support that conditions for such a mechanism to be functional prevail in real oxidation processes of Fe-Cr-Al alloys.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Kokko, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Atomistic study of surfaces and interfaces of Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Al alloys
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical and numerical simulation of materials processing VII. - : Trans Tech Publications Inc.. - 9783037857281 ; , s. 728-733
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface and interface properties of Fe-Cr, Fe-Al, and Fe-Cr-Al are studied using Exact Muffin-Tin Orbitals and Monte Carlo methods and with x-ray photoelectron and Auger electron techniques. Surface composition is investigated as a function of oxidation (heating) time. Hard x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is used to scan non destructively the compositions below the surface. It is found that Cr boosts the Al segregation to the surface.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Weeland, CJ, et al.
(författare)
-
The thalamus and its subnuclei-a gateway to obsessive-compulsive disorder
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1, s. 70-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Larger thalamic volume has been found in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and children with clinical-level symptoms within the general population. Particular thalamic subregions may drive these differences. The ENIGMA-OCD working group conducted mega- and meta-analyses to study thalamic subregional volume in OCD across the lifespan. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2649 OCD patients and 2774 healthy controls across 29 sites (50 datasets) were processed using the FreeSurfer built-in ThalamicNuclei pipeline to extract five thalamic subregions. Volume measures were harmonized for site effects using ComBat before running separate multiple linear regression models for children, adolescents, and adults to estimate volumetric group differences. All analyses were pre-registered (https://osf.io/73dvy) and adjusted for age, sex and intracranial volume. Unmedicated pediatric OCD patients (<12 years) had larger lateral (d = 0.46), pulvinar (d = 0.33), ventral (d = 0.35) and whole thalamus (d = 0.40) volumes at unadjusted p-values <0.05. Adolescent patients showed no volumetric differences. Adult OCD patients compared with controls had smaller volumes across all subregions (anterior, lateral, pulvinar, medial, and ventral) and smaller whole thalamic volume (d = −0.15 to −0.07) after multiple comparisons correction, mostly driven by medicated patients and associated with symptom severity. The anterior thalamus was also significantly smaller in patients after adjusting for thalamus size. Our results suggest that OCD-related thalamic volume differences are global and not driven by particular subregions and that the direction of effects are driven by both age and medication status.
|
|
| 20. |
- Ylikoski, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Simultaneous quantification of prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein 2 mRNA in blood samples from patients with prostate cancer and benign disease
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147. ; 48:8, s. 1265-1271
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Detection or quantification of circulating cancer cells has been proposed as an aid in detection and monitoring of several solid tumors. We investigated the classification accuracy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) mRNA copy numbers in blood for the differentiation of patients with prostate cancer (PC) and benign disease. Methods: PSA and hK2 mRNA expression was studied in blood samples from 51 men with PC and 19 men with benign disease. Among the PC patients, 10 had organ-confined disease (pT1-pT2). We used a multiplexed reverse transcription-PCR assay with two highly target-like mRNA internal standards for the simultaneous quantification of PSA and hK2 mRNA. An external calibration curve covered the range of 10(2)-10(6) mRNA copies. Results: PSA and hK2 mRNA were detected in 41 of 51 (median, 1200 copies/0.5 mL of blood) and 43 of 51 (median, 3800 copies/0.5 mL of blood) patients with PC, respectively, whereas only 1 of 19 men with benign disease was positive for both mRNAs (1500 PSA and 3100 hK2 mRNA copies/0.5 mL of blood; P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-test). Of the 10 patients with organ-confined PC, only 3 with low Gleason scores (less than or equal to5) were negative for both PSA and hK2 (P = 0.02, Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusions: The presence of PC cells in the blood circulation is an early event in PC progression, and quantitative assays for PSA and hK2 mRNA discriminate benign from PC cases. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of the assays.
|
|
| 21. |
- Airiskallio, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic origin of the chemical balance in alloyed Fe-Cr stainless steels : First-principles and Ising model study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 92, s. 135-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron-chromium is the base material for most of the stainless steel grades. Recently, new insights into the origins of fundamental physical and chemical characteristics of Fe-Cr based alloys have been achieved. Some of the new results are quite unexpected and call for further investigations. The present study focuses on the magnetic contribution in the atomic driving forces related to the chemical composition in Fe-Cr when alloyed with Al, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, and Mo. Using the ab initio exact muffin-tin orbitals method combined with an Ising-type spin model, we demonstrate that the magnetic moment of the solute atoms with the induced changes in the magnetic moments of the host atoms form the main factor in determining the mixing energy and chemical potentials of low-Cr Fe-Cr based alloys. The results obtained in the present work are related to the designing and tuning of the microstructure and corrosion protection of low-Cr steels.
|
|
| 22. |
- Bonomi, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of the genetic variants associated with circulating levels of sgp130. Results from the IMPROVE study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Genes and immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 21:2, s. 100-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genes regulating circulating levels of soluble gp130 (sgp130), the antagonist of the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis driven by interleukin 6, are largely unknown. Aims of the present study were to identify genetic loci associated with circulating sgp130 and to explore the potential association between variants associated with sgp130 and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. The study is based on IMPROVE (n = 3703), a cardiovascular multicentre study designed to investigate the determinants of carotid intima media thickness, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Genomic DNA was genotyped by the CardioMetaboChip and ImmunoChip. About 360,842 SNPs were tested for association with log-transformed sgp130, using linear regression adjusted for age, gender, and population stratification using PLINK v1.07. A p value of 1 × 10−5 was chosen as threshold for significance value. In an exploratory analysis, SNPs associated with sgp130 were tested for association with c-IMT measures. We identified two SNPs significantly associated with sgp130 levels and 24 showing suggestive association with sgp130 levels. One SNP (rs17688225) on chromosome 14 was positively associated with sgp130 serum levels (β = 0.03 SE = 0.007, p = 4.77 × 10−5) and inversely associated with c-IMT (c-IMTmean–maxβ = −0.001 SE = 0.005, p = 0.0342). Our data indicate that multiple loci regulate sgp130 levels and suggest a possible common pathway between sgp130 and c-IMT measures.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Makinen, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Trainers' Attitudes towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Current Care Guidelines, and Training
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Emergency medicine international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2840 .- 2090-2859. ; 2016, s. 3701468-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Studies have shown that healthcare personnel hesitate to perform defibrillation due to individual or organisational attitudes. We aimed to assess trainers’ attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation (CPR-D), Current Care Guidelines, and associated training.Methods. A questionnaire was distributed to CPR trainers attending seminars in Finland (N=185) focusing on the updated national Current Care Guidelines 2011. The questions were answered using Likert scale (1 = totally disagree, 7 = totally agree). Factor loading of the questionnaire was made using maximum likelihood analysis and varimax rotation. Seven scales were constructed (Hesitation,Nurse’s Role,Nontechnical Skill,Usefulness,Restrictions,Personal, andOrganisation). Cronbach’s alphas were 0.92–0.51. Statistics were Student’st-test, ANOVA, stepwise regression analysis, and Pearson Correlation.Results. The questionnaire was returned by 124/185, 67% CPR trainers, of whom two-thirds felt that their undergraduate training in CPR-D had not been adequate. Satisfaction with undergraduate defibrillation training correlated with theNontechnical Skillsscale (p<0.01). Participants scoring high onHesitationscale (p<0.01) were less confident about theirNurse’s Role(p<0.01) andNontechnical Skills(p<0.01).Conclusion. Quality of undergraduate education affects the work of CPR trainers and some feel uncertain of defibrillation. The train-the-trainers courses and undergraduate medical education should focus more on practical scenarios with defibrillators and nontechnical skills.
|
|
