| 1. |
- Nijkamp, P., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a regional science academy : A manifesto
- 2016
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Ingår i: Region. - : European Regional Science Association. - 2409-5370. ; 3:1, s. R1-R16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Manifesto provides a joint proposal to create a Regional Science Academy as a think-tank support platform for a strategic development of the spatial sciences. The Regional Science Academy is a strategic spatial knowledge catalyst: it acts as a global intellectual powerhouse for new knowledge network initiatives and scholarly views on regions and cities as vital centrepieces of interconnected spatial systems. This contribution highlights its role and presents various activity plans.
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| 2. |
- Nijkamp, J. F., et al.
(författare)
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De novo sequencing, assembly and analysis of the genome of the laboratory strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D, a model for modern industrial biotechnology
- 2012
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Ingår i: Microbial Cell Factories. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2859. ; 11, s. Article Number: 36-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK 113-7D is widely used for metabolic engineering and systems biology research in industry and academia. We sequenced, assembled, annotated and analyzed its genome. Single-nucleotide variations (SNV), insertions/deletions (indels) and differences in genome organization compared to the reference strain S. cerevisiae S288C were analyzed. In addition to a few large deletions and duplications, nearly 3000 indels were identified in the CEN.PK113-7D genome relative to S288C. These differences were overrepresented in genes whose functions are related to transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodelling. Some of these variations were caused by unstable tandem repeats, suggesting an innate evolvability of the corresponding genes. Besides a previously characterized mutation in adenylate cyclase, the CEN. PK113-7D genome sequence revealed a significant enrichment of non-synonymous mutations in genes encoding for components of the cAMP signalling pathway. Some phenotypic characteristics of the CEN. PK113-7D strains were explained by the presence of additional specific metabolic genes relative to S288C. In particular, the presence of the BIO1 and BIO6 genes correlated with a biotin prototrophy of CEN. PK113-7D. Furthermore, the copy number, chromosomal location and sequences of the MAL loci were resolved. The assembled sequence reveals that CEN. PK113-7D has a mosaic genome that combines characteristics of laboratory strains and wild-industrial strains.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Arribas-Bel, D., et al.
(författare)
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Cyber Cities : Social Media as a Tool for Understanding Cities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1874-463X .- 1874-4621. ; 8:1, s. 231-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Big’ urban data are increasingly becoming accessible for scientific research and policy use. They may enhance the intelligence that is needed for understanding and mapping out social connectivity phenomena (in the sense of Jane Jacobs) in modern smart cities. The present paper aims to highlight and demonstrate the rich potential of information based on digital technology in modern cities. As a case study example of the power of social media data as a support tool in smart cities, we consider Twitter data in the municipality of Amsterdam. We use machine learning techniques to identify temporal patterns that we then relate back to their spatial dimension, effectively connecting the digital with physical aspect of cities. We also show that analysis of geo-referenced tweets can shed significant light on physical aspects of the city and on the spatial distribution of urban functions.
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| 6. |
- Banica, A, et al.
(författare)
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Natural disasters as a development opportunity : a spatial economic resilience interpretation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Jahrbuch für Regional Wissenschaft. - : Springer. - 0173-7600 .- 1613-9836.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural disasters are usually regarded as damage factors causing high private and social costs. Notwithstanding the incontestable validity of this premise, natural disasters do not necessarily lead to a structural deprivation of the area affected. Recent studies have clearly shown that in the long run one may even observe positive socio-economic effects (‘blessings in disguise’). This paper investigates this challenging proposition by developing a risk-disaster-opportunity framework for a territorial system, and by analysing the socio-economic impacts of natural shocks from a resilience perspective. This is inter alia done by designing a typology of natural disasters, and by presenting a systematic classification of long-range impacts. An empirical test of the above proposition of positive recovery effects of natural disasters is carried out by using, in particular, long-term data from the worldwide EM-DAT database. The attention is then focussed on positive feedback loops in spatial systems that are affected by a natural perturbation. Various case studies (USA, China, Haiti, Chile, Japan) are undertaken in order to test the existence of long-term ‘blessings in disguise’ effects, using in particular the HDI-index. In various cases, such positive effects appear to exist, depending on the effectiveness of public management of natural disaster phenomena.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gheasi, M., et al.
(författare)
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A meta-analysis of human health differences in urban and rural environments
- 2019
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Ingår i: Letters in spatial and resource sciences. - : Springer Verlag. - 1864-4031 .- 1864-404X. ; 12:3, s. 167-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human health outcomes are known to be affected not only by individual physical and socio-economic status, but also by external environmental conditions, as well as by place-based economic and geographical circumstances. In recent decades, a large number of studies have addressed the background of differences in health outcomes between rural and urban areas. Are rural ways of living healthier than urban ways of living? This has led to a wealth of studies on human health and the geographical differences of living and working. The effects of regional or urban characteristics on health outcomes are often inconsistent among different studies/countries. An important factor that seems to be important is the ambiguous definition of both health and urbanism, as well as the presence of intra-regional heterogeneity (e.g. inner-city areas). In the present study, we conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on space and health indicators, based on a broad, but concise overview of the underlying mechanisms involved. Next, we provide a quantitative research synthesis with the help of a meta-analysis of published studies on self-rated/self-reported physical health conditions in rural and urban areas. The results from our meta-analytical regression analysis indicate that there is not a clearly convincing difference between rural and urban areas; however, people in rural areas appear to rate themselves slightly healthier than their urban counterparts. In addition, we observe that self-rated/reported fair/poor health is also highly dependent on a number of personal and socio-economic factors; from a personal perspective, education, addiction, physical activity, and duration of residence appear to play a significant role, while, from a socio-economic perspective, in particular, community predictor measures (e.g. gross domestic product, population, unemployment rate) appear to exert a substantial influence.
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| 9. |
- Girard, L. F., et al.
(författare)
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‘Science of the city’ : Towards a higher quality of urban life
- 2017
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Ingår i: Quality Innovation Prosperity. - : Technical University of Kosice. - 1335-1745 .- 1338-984X. ; 21:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities have in the course of history become the dominant geographic settlement pattern all over the world; we live in the ‘urban century’. Cities integrate all dimensions of modern life, ranging from socio-economic to technological aspects. The organisation of such complex entities calls for a more integrative an inclusive scientific analysis and understanding of urban systems. The aim of the Special Issue Science of the City: Towards a Higher Quality of Urban Life, is to offer a synthesis of the contributions from the Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC) meeting, held on March 22-23, 2016 in Naples, bringing together experts who have provided a significant contribution to a fundamental reflection on the roots and effects of the modern city.
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| 10. |
- Hårsman Wahlström, Marie, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Planning Cities4People–A body and soul analysis of urban neighbourhoods
- 2020
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Ingår i: Public Management Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1471-9037 .- 1471-9045. ; 22:5, s. 687-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest among urban planners in identifying and reinforcing key features that differentiate a city from others. At a local level, neighbourhoods are increasingly positioned and branded, based on their distinguishing characteristics. Against this background this paper aims to contribute to a better governance of cities and urban neighbourhoods by pinpointing the determinants of citizens’ perceptions of urban quality of life. A conceptual model on neighbourhood love, comprising both body and soul constituents, is developed and empirically tested. The results show that the residents’ ‘love’ for their neighbourhood is significantly related to both its material and immaterial amenities.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Kirkegård, J., et al.
(författare)
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Intra-observer agreements in multidisciplinary team assessments of pancreatic cancer patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Wiley. - 0022-4790 .- 1096-9098. ; 124:8, s. 1402-1408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Methods: Treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer patients are made by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) board. We aimed to assess intra-observer variance at MDT boards. Participating units staged, assessed resectability, and made treatment allocations for the same patients as they did two years earlier. We disseminated clinical information and CT images of pancreatic cancer patients judged by one MDT board to have nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer to the participating units. All units were asked to re-assess the TNM stage, resectability, and treatment allocation for each patient. To assess intra-observer variance, we computed %-agreements for each participating unit, defined as low (<50%), moderate (50%–75%), and high (>75%) agreement. Results: Eighteen patients were re-assessed by six MDT boards. The overall agreement was moderate for TNM-stage (ranging from 50%–70%) and resectability assessment (53%) but low for treatment allocation (46%). Agreement on resectability assessments was low to moderate. Findings were similar but more pronounced for treatment allocation. We observed a shift in treatment strategy towards increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, particularly in patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced tumors. Conclusions: We found substantial intra-observer agreement variations across six different MDT boards of 18 pancreatic cancer patients with two years between the first and second assessment. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
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| 13. |
- Kourtit, K., et al.
(författare)
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A roadmap for a new mindset in regional science : The regional science academy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional. - : Universidade de Taubate. - 1809-239X. ; 11:4, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution argues that the great many spatial challenges of our world and the emerging spatial dynamics call for new modes of thinking on regional science research. The creation of a Regional Science Academy may be helpful in meeting this novel demand. The much needed radical and new perspective on the future of our space economy is illustrated by a concise challenging exposition on the consequences of the ongoing ‘New Urban World’ which might eventually turn into a ‘Post-Urban World’. The Regional Science Academy may be instrumental in developing such ideas.
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| 14. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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A Structural Equation Model for Place-based City Love : An Application to Swedish Cities
- 2020
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Ingår i: International regional science review. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0160-0176 .- 1552-6925.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have shown an increasing interest in local factors shaping the happiness or attachment of citizens in regard to their daily living environment, sometimes also coined city love or neighborhood love. This new strand of literature—often framed in the context of the “geography of happiness” or the “economics of happiness”—means an extension of quantitative socio-psychological or socio-economic research on determinants of people’s affection for their living environment, including local quality-of-life, sense of community, place-based social capital, attachment to “urban ambiance,” and so on. The present paper conceptualizes the nature and composition of urban characteristics of place attachment and appreciation (city love) in terms of two constituent factors, viz. city soul (indicators on the perceived intangible attractiveness of the city and its neighborhoods) and city body (indicators reflecting the tangible attractiveness features of the city). This analytical approach will empirically be tested for four Swedish cities. Resident surveys were conducted among a total of 2,573 respondents; the multidimensional relationships between outcome variables and background factors were tested through a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM), which revealed significant effects of Aesthetics, Amenities, Accessibility, Safety and Health, and City Image on place attachment and appreciation (“city love”). A more detailed city level analysis revealed salient place-specific differences. In general, Aesthetics seemed to be the most universal driver for city love, while City Image was the most important factor to contribute to city soul.
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| 15. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of the New Urban World
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1874-463X .- 1874-4621. ; 8:3, s. 199-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban agglomeration will face major challenges in the future, such as demographic change, climate change and other structural megatrends, as well present turbulences of economic insecurity, financial deficits and social disorder, all of which might have long-term effects. Cities will need to improve and to maximize their quality of urban life so as to keep pace with rapidly changing global urban patterns. Such a goal calls not only for new technologies, but also for proactive and open-minded governance models and management techniques that include all actors in order to realize the concept of a sustainable city in a globalized world. The aims of this paper are: to map out the complex force field of urban dynamics; to identify the main drivers of urban evolution; and to explore promising land-use planning, infrastructural, cultural, economic and knowledge-based policy initiatives that may enhance the sustainable growth potential of modern (mega-) cities.
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| 16. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative urban performance assessment of safe cities through data envelopment analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Regional Science Policy & Practice. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1757-7802.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable urban development calls for a balanced package of conditions that induce a high quality of life (including safety and security) in cities. We argue that modern cities have to develop knowledge- based strategies for smart, safe and sound (3-S) city development, supported by urban performance assessment (UPA) as a framework for sustainable urban planning. The present study builds on these strategic notions and articulates the message that smart urban policy should look into input resources in relation to output performance. Particular attention will be paid to the constituents and the role of multiple safety indicators in urban performance analysis. Next, an appropriate method from the industrial management literature, namely, super-efficient data envelopment analysis (SE-DEA) will be utilized in order to undertake a comparative performance assessment of safety conditions in 57 world cities, followed by a similar analysis for 14 large European cities. Both world-wide and Europe-wide, there appear to be significant differences in safety performance of cities, which means that there is much scope for strategic and effective safety policy in many cities.
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| 17. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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Critical performance factors for large world cities - In search of qualitative causal patterns by means of rough set analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Region. - : European Regional Science Association. - 2409-5370. ; 4:1, s. 51-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the currently emerging ‘urban century’, large cities and urban agglomerations are increasingly turning into (socio-)economic and political powerhouses of world-wide importance. This paper offers a comparative assessment of the multidimensional performance profile of major cities in our world, with particular emphasis on the livability and economic potential of these cities. We use an explanatory cohesive framework in the present study, which finds its origin in the so-called ‘urban piazza’ model. Next, using an extensive database on various rankings of 40 global cities (the so-called GPCI data base), the relative performance of these cities is ‘explained’ in a qualitative sense by means of a non-parametric ordinal ranking method, known as rough set analysis. The approach allows us to identify in a qualitative sense the driving forces that altogether are responsible for the economic and livability achievements of these cities. Our analysis is based on a novel triple-layer rough set analysis of the performance of the cities concerned. The empirical analysis highlights the combined explanatory ‘power’ of several success conditions and drivers of the cities concerned. Our empirical results demonstrate that in particular geographical accessibility and R&D of these urban areas appears to play in many cases an important role in shaping their strong position.
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| 18. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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Effective clusters as territorial performance engines in a regional development strategy – a triple-layer dea assessment of the aviation valley in poland
- 2017
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Ingår i: Region. - : European Regional Science Association. - 2409-5370. ; 4:3, s. 39-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional development policy aims to cope with the challenge of spatial disparities. It is based on a smart combination of various critical capital assets in a region which functionally and spatially interact and which yield synergetic economic opportunities and promising challenges for innovation and progress. The present study regards sustainable territorial performance – as a manifestation of regional development – as the overarching principle for competitive advantages and economic growth in a system of regions, which is particularly induced by territorial capital, comprising human capital, infrastructural capital and social capital. In the long-standing tradition of regional development policy a wide variety of effective facilitators or drivers of accelerated spatial growth has been distinguished, for instance, industrial districts, growth poles, growth centers, industrial complexes, special economic zones, communication axes, and so forth. In the past decades, a new concept has been introduced, viz. economic-technological clusters. An avalanche of literature has been published on the conceptual, operational and policy foundation and relevance of this concept, especially in relation to previously developed regional growth concepts. In this paper, clusters will be regarded as the spatial foci of sustainable territorial performance strategies and synergetic actions by both public and private actors. The present paper aims to address the relevance of cluster concepts for an effective regional development policy, based on the above notion of territorial capital. It does so by introducing a new concept, viz. effective cluster, in which spatial-economic synergy, local/regional concentration of industry, and the supporting role of territorial capital are regarded as the main determinants of a highly performing cluster in a given territory. The effective cluster concept will be tested on the basis of a field study on the aviation and aerospace cluster ‘Dolina Lotnicza’ in the Podkarpackie region in South-East Poland. This is one of the most vibrant high-tech clusters in thecountry. A new approach based on a triple-layer architecture will be adopted here, viz.: a quantitative comparative analysis of the 16 Polish ‘voivodships’ (main administrative regions in the country, at a NUTS-2 level), a benchmark analysis of the 25 counties (‘powiats’) within the Podkarpackie voivodship (at a NUTS-4 level), and an effective industrial cluster analysis on the basis of the individual aviation firms located in the Podkarpackie region. In each step an extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), characterised by a merger of a Slack-Based Measure (SMB) and a super-efficiency (SE) DEA, will be used in order to achieve an unambiguous ranking of the various regions or Decision Making Units (DMUs). The study will employ an extensive database on individual actors in the cluster, in combination with a broadly composed territorial-capital database for the areas under study. The paper will be concluded with some strategic policy lessons.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Rise of the City. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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New Urban Economic Agents : A Comparative Analysis of High-Performance New Entrepreneurs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quaestiones Geographicae. - : Adam Mickiewicz University Press. - 0137-477X .- 2081-6383. ; 35:4, s. 5-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migrants are often the carriers of new skills and original abilities. This study focuses on the importance of 'new urban entrepreneurship' - in particular, ethnic or migrant business firms - as a major driver of creative and urban dynamics and economic vitality in urban agglomerations. The paper offers a general account of both backgrounds and socio-economic implications of migrant entrepreneurship in large agglomerations and highlights the socio-economic heterogeneity in motivation and performance among different groups of migrant entrepreneurs. This demographic- cultural diversity prompts intriguing questions about differences in business performance among distinct groups of migrant entrepreneurs, even in the same ethnic group. In the paper, a recently developed and amended version of data envelopment analysis (DEA), viz. super-efficiency, is presented and applied to a group of Moroccan entrepreneurs in four large cities in the Netherlands. The main research aim is (i) to identify the best-performing firms (so-called 'entrepreneurial heroes') from a broad management and business perspective, while (ii) the background of our findings are more thoroughly analysed. The paper ends with some general concluding remarks on urban business strategies.
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| 23. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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The rise of the city : Spatial dynamics in the urban century
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book examines urban growth and the dynamics that are transforming the city and city regions in the 21st century focusing specifically on the spatial aspects of this process in the "Urban Century". Forces that are driving city growth include agglomeration spillovers, concentration of innovation and entrepreneurship, diversity of information and knowledge resources, and better amenities and higher wages. These benefits produce a positive reinforcing system that attracts more people with new ideas and information, fuelling innovation, new products and services and more high-wage jobs, thereby attracting more people. Such growth also produces undesirable effects such as air and water pollution, poverty, congestion and crowding. These combined factors both impact and change the geography and spatial dynamics of the city. These transformations and the public policies that may be critical to the quality of life, both today and in the future, are the substance of this book.
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| 24. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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The urban data deluge : challenges for smart urban planning in the third data revolution
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Urban Sciences. - : Routledge. - 1226-5934 .- 2161-6779.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective urban planning is increasingly affected and governed by the current information society. This paper argues that the so-called third data revolution creates unprecedented challenges for sustainable city policy in the digital age. Three types of data revolutions are distinguished in this paper. The nowadays popular notion of smart cities may be helpful to enhance the cognitive quality of urban policy-making, but leads also to new issues on complex data handling in the modern age of social media and digital information systems. The various issues at stake are outlined in this paper, while this study is concluded with a sketch of the contours of a so-called smart city policy fly-wheel, so as to demonstrate that the urban fabric–also in a smart city context–is always work in progress, with a view to the achievement of sustainable development goals. Highlights The birth of the smart cities concept originates from the third data revolution. Sustainable city policy calls for smart data management. In the ‘New Urban World’ systematic data warehousing is needed. The tension between closed administrative city borders and open data systems can be bridged. The attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) presupposes smart city policy.
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| 25. |
- Kourtit, Karima, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Futures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1874-463X .- 1874-4621. ; 8:3, s. 177-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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