| 1. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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The tree species matters : Biodiversity and ecosystem service implications of replacing Scots pine production stands with Norway spruce.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:5, s. 1035-1049
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is helping to drive a development where sites traditionally regenerated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are instead being regenerated with Norway spruce (Picea abies). We provide a condensed synthesis of the available evidence regarding the likely resultant implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from this change in tree species. Apart from some benefits (e.g. reduced stand-level browsing damage), we identified a range of negative outcomes for biodiversity, production, esthetic and recreational values, as well as increased stand vulnerability to storm, frost, and drought damage, and potentially higher risks of pest and pathogen outbreak. Our results are directly relevant to forest owners and policy-makers seeking information regarding the uncertainties, risks, and trade-offs likely to result from changing the tree species in production forests.
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| 2. |
- Halldén, Christer, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of disease-associated factors in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Blackwell. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 18:3, s. e132-e137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate disease causing mechanism in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutation. Screening for F8 mutations in 307 haemophilia A patients using: re-sequencing and inversion PCR, reverse transcription (RT-PCR) of mRNA, MLPA analysis, haplotyping using SNP and microsatellite markers. No F8 mutations were detected in 9 of the 307 patients (2.9%) using re-sequencing and inversion PCR. MLPA analysis detected duplication in exon 6 in one patient and RT-PCR showed no products for different regions of mRNA in four other patients, indicating failed transcription. No obvious associations were observed between the phenotypes of the nine patients, their F8 haplotypes and the putative mutations detected. The mutation-positive patients carrying the same haplotypes as the mutation-negative patients show a multitude of different mutations, emphasizing the lack of associations at the haplotype level. VWF mutation screening and factor V measurements ruled out type 2N VWD and combined factor V and VIII deficiency respectively. To further investigate a possible role for FVIII interacting factors the haplotypes/diplotypes of F2, F9, F10 and VWF were compared. The nine patients had no specific haplotype/diplotype combination in common that can explain disease. Duplications and faulty transcription contribute to the mutational spectrum of haemophilia A patients where conventional mutation screening fail to identify mutations.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Poor reproducibility of allergic rhinitis SNP associations
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1, s. e53975-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Replication of reported associations is crucial to the investigation of complex disease. More than 100 SNPs have previously been reported as associated with allergic rhinitis (AR), but few of these have been replicated successfully. To investigate the general reproducibility of reported AR-associations in candidate gene studies, one Swedish (352 AR-cases, 709 controls) and one Singapore Chinese population (948 AR-cases, 580 controls) were analyzed using 49 AR-associated SNPs. The overall pattern of P-values indicated that very few of the investigated SNPs were associated with AR. Given published odds ratios (ORs) most SNPs showed high power to detect an association, but no correlations were found between the ORs of the two study populations or with published ORs. None of the association signals were in common to the two genome-wide association studies published in AR, indicating that the associations represent false positives or have much lower effect-sizes than reported.
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| 4. |
- Spotorno, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma neurofilament light protein correlates with diffusion tensor imaging metrics in frontotemporal dementia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurofilaments are structural components of neurons and are particularly abundant in highly myelinated axons. The levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma have been related to degeneration in several neurodegenerative conditions including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and NfL is currently considered as the most promising diagnostic and prognostic fluid biomarker in FTD. Although the location and function of filaments in the healthy nervous system suggests a link between increased NfL and white matter degeneration, such a claim has not been fully elucidated in vivo, especially in the context of FTD. The present study provides evidence of an association between the plasma levels of NfL and white matter involvement in behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) by relating plasma concentration of NfL to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in a group of 20 bvFTD patients. The results of both voxel-wise and tract specific analysis showed that increased plasma NfL concentration is associated with a reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in a widespread set of white matter tracts including the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the fronto-occipital fasciculus the anterior thalamic radiation and the dorsal cingulum bundle. Plasma NfL concentration also correlated with cortical thinning in a portion of the right medial prefrontal cortex and of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These results support the hypothesis that blood NfL levels reflect the global level of neurodegeneration in bvFTD and help to advance our understanding of the association between this blood biomarker for FTD and the disease process.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Blay, Pilar, et al.
(författare)
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An in vivo study of the effect of 5-HT and sympathetic nerves on transferrin and transthyretin mRNA expression in rat choroid plexus and meninges
- 1994
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6240 .- 0006-8993. ; 662:1-2, s. 148-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain expression of transferrin (Tf) and transthyretin (TTR) mRNA has been demonstrated in different species, TTR being found only in the choroid plexus. We report here that both these mRNAs are also expressed in the meninges. In vitro studies have shown that Tf secretion by the rat choroid plexus is stimulated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) while sympathetic nerves regulate different transport functions in the same tissue. We have used various in vivo models to study the neuroendocrine regulation of Tf and TTR mRNA expression in the choroid plexus and meninges. Destruction of the serotonergic nerves in the brain by either raphe nuclei lesion or intraventricular injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), which both decreased brain 5-HT levels significantly, did not affect Tf or TTR mRNA levels in choroid plexus and meninges, but increased TTR mRNA in liver. Intraventricular injection of 10 or 100 pmol 5-HT did not change the expression of these proteins in any of the tissues studied. Removal of the sympathetic innervation to the choroid plexus by cervical sympathectomy did not affect Tf or TTR mRNA levels in choroid plexus and liver, nor the incorporation of radioactive leucine into protein in various parts of the brain. In conclusion, our results do not support a regulatory role in vivo for neuronally derived 5-HT or sympathetic nerve activity on Tf and TTR mRNA expression in rat choroid plexus and meninges.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bonham, LW, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation across RNA metabolism and cell death gene networks is implicated in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1, s. 10854-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by neurodegeneration and progressive loss of semantic knowledge. Unlike many other forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), svPPA has a highly consistent underlying pathology composed of TDP-43 (a regulator of RNA and DNA transcription metabolism). Previous genetic studies of svPPA are limited by small sample sizes and a paucity of common risk variants. Despite this, svPPA’s relatively homogenous clinicopathologic phenotype makes it an ideal investigative model to examine genetic processes that may drive neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we used GWAS metadata, tissue samples from pathologically confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and in silico techniques to identify and characterize protein interaction networks associated with svPPA risk. We identified 64 svPPA risk genes that interact at the protein level. The protein pathways represented in this svPPA gene network are critical regulators of RNA metabolism and cell death, such as SMAD proteins and NOTCH1. Many of the genes in this network are involved in TDP-43 metabolism. Contrary to the conventional notion that svPPA is a clinical syndrome with few genetic risk factors, our analyses show that svPPA risk is complex and polygenic in nature. Risk for svPPA is likely driven by multiple common variants in genes interacting with TDP-43, along with cell death,x` working in combination to promote neurodegeneration.
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| 9. |
- Chapman, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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To boldly go: individual differences in boldness influence migratory tendency.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X. ; 14, s. 871-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecology Letters (2011) ABSTRACT: Partial migration, whereby only a fraction of the population migrates, is thought to be the most common type of migration in the animal kingdom, and can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Despite this, the factors that influence which individuals migrate and which remain resident are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that consistent individual differences in personality traits in animals can be ecologically important, but field studies integrating personality traits with migratory behaviour are extremely rare. In this study, we investigate the influence of individual boldness, an important personality trait, upon the migratory propensity of roach, a freshwater fish, over two consecutive migration seasons. We assay and individually tag 460 roach and show that boldness influences migratory propensity, with bold individuals being more likely to migrate than shy fish. Our data suggest that an extremely widespread personality trait in animals can have significant ecological consequences via influencing individual-level migratory behaviour.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ekdahl, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid decrease of free vancomycin in dense staphylococcal cultures.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 24:9, s. 596-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial numbers in broth cultures were determined by bioluminescence assay of intracellular bacterial ATP. Broth MICs for strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 14990 and 35984) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, 29213 and 6538) were determined for cultures with different inocula (10(5)-10(8) bacteria/ml) after 24 h of incubation in supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth containing vancomycin. All of the tested strains except one were susceptible to methicillin, and all of the strains were susceptible to vancomycin. Free vancomycin concentrations in the broth cultures of all strains were determined with an agar well bioassay after 24 h of incubation. Free vancomycin concentrations and bacterial numbers of ATCC 35984 and ATCC 29213 were also determined after 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 h. In a low inoculum (10(5) bacteria/ml), the broth MICs were 1-4 microg/ml. In a high inoculum (approximately 10(8) bacteria/ml), the broth MICs increased two- to fourfold to 4-8 microg/ml. In dense inocula ( approximately 10(9)-10(10) bacteria/ml), the concentrations of free vancomycin in the broth were reduced, in most cases below the detection limit of the bioassay (
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ferrari, Raffaele, et al.
(författare)
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Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 13:7, s. 686-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. Mutations in three genes-MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72-have been associated with FTD. We sought to identify novel genetic risk loci associated with the disorder.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Gao, YX, et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomization implies no direct causal association between leukocyte telomere length and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 12184-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (n = ~ 38,000 for LTL and ~ 81,000 for ALS in the European population; n = ~ 23,000 for LTL and ~ 4,100 for ALS in the Asian population). We further evaluated mediation roles of lipids in the pathway from LTL to ALS. The odds ratio per standard deviation decrease of LTL on ALS was 1.10 (95% CI 0.93–1.31, p = 0.274) in the European population and 0.75 (95% CI 0.53–1.07, p = 0.116) in the Asian population. This null association was also detected between LTL and frontotemporal dementia in the European population. However, we found that an indirect effect of LTL on ALS might be mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) or total cholesterol (TC) in the European population. These results were robust against extensive sensitivity analyses. Overall, our MR study did not support the direct causal association between LTL and the ALS risk in neither population, but provided suggestive evidence for the mediation role of LDL or TC on the influence of LTL and ALS in the European population.
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| 16. |
- Gorcenco, Sorina, et al.
(författare)
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Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome with SAMD9L mutations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurology: Genetics. - 2376-7839. ; 3:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We describe the neurologic, neuroradiologic, and ophthalmologic phenotype of 1 Swedish and 1 Finnish family with autosomal dominant ataxia-pancytopenia (ATXPC) syndrome and SAMD9L mutations.METHODS: Members of these families with germline SAMD9L c.2956C>T, p.Arg986Cys, or c.2672T>C, p.Ile891Thr mutations underwent structured interviews and neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations. Neuroimaging was performed, and medical records were reviewed. Previous publications on SAMD9L-ATXPC were reviewed.RESULTS: Twelve individuals in both families were affected clinically. All mutation carriers examined had balance impairment, although severity was very variable. All but 1 had nystagmus, and all but 1 had pyramidal tract signs. Neurologic features were generally present from childhood on and progressed slowly. Two adult patients, who experienced increasing clumsiness, glare, and difficulties with gaze fixation, had paracentral retinal dysfunction verified by multifocal electroretinography. Brain MRI showed early, marked cerebellar atrophy in most carriers and variable cerebral periventricular white matter T2 hyperintensities. Two children were treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies, and the neurologic symptoms of one of these worsened after treatment. Three affected individuals had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or cognitive problems. Retinal dysfunction was not previously reported in individuals with ATXPC.CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic phenotype of this syndrome is defined by balance or gait impairment, nystagmus, hyperreflexia in the lower limbs and, frequently, marked cerebellar atrophy. Paracentral retinal dysfunction may contribute to glare, reading problems, and clumsiness. Timely diagnosis of ATXPC is important to address the risk for severe hemorrhage, infection, and hematologic malignancies inherent in this syndrome; regular hematologic follow-up might be beneficial.
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| 17. |
- Halldén, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of disease-associated factors in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutations
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 18:3, s. e132-e137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate disease causing mechanism in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutation. Screening for F8 mutations in 307 haemophilia A patients using: re-sequencing and inversion PCR, reverse transcription (RT-PCR) of mRNA, MLPA analysis, haplotyping using SNP and microsatellite markers. No F8 mutations were detected in 9 of the 307 patients (2.9%) using re-sequencing and inversion PCR. MLPA analysis detected duplication in exon 6 in one patient and RT-PCR showed no products for different regions of mRNA in four other patients, indicating failed transcription. No obvious associations were observed between the phenotypes of the nine patients, their F8 haplotypes and the putative mutations detected. The mutation-positive patients carrying the same haplotypes as the mutation-negative patients show a multitude of different mutations, emphasizing the lack of associations at the haplotype level. VWF mutation screening and factor V measurements ruled out type 2N VWD and combined factor V and VIII deficiencyrespectively. To further investigate a possible role for FVIII interacting factors the haplotypes/diplotypes of F2, F9, F10 and VWF were compared. The nine patients had no specific haplotype/diplotype combination in common that can explain disease. Duplications and faulty transcription contribute to the mutational spectrum of haemophilia A patients where conventional mutation screening fail to identify mutations.
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| 18. |
- Hansson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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CSF placental growth factor – a novel candidate biomarker of frontotemporal dementia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. - : Wiley. - 2328-9503. ; 6:5, s. 863-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is complicated by the overlap of clinical symptoms with other dementia disorders. Development of robust fluid biomarkers is critical to improve the diagnostic work-up of FTD. Methods: CSF concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured in the discovery cohort including patients with FTD (n = 27), Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia (n = 75), DLB or PDD (n = 47), subcortical vascular dementia (VaD, n = 33), mild cognitive impairment that later converted to AD (MCI-AD, n = 34), stable MCI (sMCI, n = 62), and 50 cognitively healthy controls from the Swedish BioFINDER study. For validation, CSF PlGF was measured in additional independent cohort of FTD patients (n = 22) and controls (n = 18) from the Netherlands. Results: In the discovery cohort, MCI, MCI-AD, AD dementia, DLB-PDD, VaD, and FTD patients all showed increased CSF levels of PlGF compared with controls (sMCI P = 0.019; MCI-AD P = 0.005; AD dementia, DLB-PDD, VaD, and FTD all P < 0.001). PlGF levels were 1.8–2.1-fold higher in FTD than in AD, DLB-PDD and VaD (all P < 0.001). PlGF distinguished with high accuracy FTD from controls and sMCI performing better than tau/Aβ42 (AUC 0.954–0.996 versus 0.564–0.754, P < 0.001). A combination of PlGF, tau, and Aβ42 (tau/Aβ42/PlGF) was more accurate than tau/Aβ42 when differentiating FTD from a group of other dementias (AUC 0.972 vs. 0.932, P < 0.01). Increased CSF levels of PlGF in FTD compared with controls were corroborated in the validation cohort. Interpretation: CSF PlGF is increased in FTD compared with other dementia disorders, MCI, and healthy controls and might be useful as a diagnostic biomarker of FTD.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hällgren, Anita, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterococci in intensive care units in Sweden evaluated by different MIC breakpoint systems
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 48:1, s. 53-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three hundred and twenty-two (322) clinical isolates were collected from patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at eight Swedish hospitals between December 1996 and December 1998. Of the isolates, 244 (76%) were Enterococcus faecalis, 74 (23%) were Enterococcus faecium and four (1%) were other Enterococcus spp. MICs of ampicillin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin, clinafloxacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid and evernimicin were determined by Etest. Susceptible and resistant isolates were defined according to the species-related MIC breakpoints of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC), the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) and the Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics (SRGA). Tentative breakpoints were applied for new/experimental antibiotics. Multidrug resistance among enterococci in ICUs is not uncommon in Sweden, particularly among E. faecium, and includes ampicillin resistance and concomitant resistance to fluoroquinolones. Almost 20% of E. faecalis isolates showed high-level resistance to gentamicin and concomitant resistance to fluoroquinolones. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were only found sporadically. Among the new antimicrobial agents, linezolid and evernimicin showed the best activity against all enterococcal isolates. There was good concordance between the BSAC, NCCLS and SRGA breakpoints in detecting resistance. When applying the SRGA breakpoints for susceptibility, isolates were more frequently interpreted as intermediate. This might indicate earlier detection of emerging resistance using the SRGA breakpoint when the native population is considered susceptible, but with the risk that isolates belonging to the native susceptible population will be incorrectly interpreted as intermediate.
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| 21. |
- Jakabek, David, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and microstructural thalamocortical network disruption in sporadic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
- 2023
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Ingår i: NeuroImage: Clinical. - 2213-1582. ; 39, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Using multi-block methods we combined multimodal neuroimaging metrics of thalamic morphology, thalamic white matter tract diffusion metrics, and cortical thickness to examine changes in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. (bvFTD). Method: Twenty-three patients with sporadic bvFTD and 24 healthy controls underwent structural and diffusion MRI scans. Clinical severity was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and behavioural severity using the Frontal Behaviour Inventory by patient caregivers. Thalamic volumes were manually segmented. Anterior and posterior thalamic radiation fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were extracted using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Finally, cortical thickness was assessed using Freesurfer. We used shape analyses, diffusion measures, and cortical thickness as features in sparse multi-block partial least squares (PLS) discriminatory analyses to classify participants within bvFTD or healthy control groups. Sparsity was tuned with five-fold cross-validation repeated 10 times. Final model fit was assessed using permutation testing. Additionally, sparse multi-block PLS was used to examine associations between imaging features and measures of dementia severity. Results: Bilateral anterior-dorsal thalamic atrophy, reduction in mean diffusivity of thalamic projections, and frontotemporal cortical thinning, were the main features predicting bvFTD group membership. The model had a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 68%, and was statistically significant using permutation testing (p = 0.012). For measures of dementia severity, we found similar involvement of regional thalamic and cortical areas as in discrimination analyses, although more extensive thalamo-cortical white matter metric changes. Conclusions: Using multimodal neuroimaging, we demonstrate combined structural network dysfunction of anterior cortical regions, cortical-thalamic projections, and anterior thalamic regions in sporadic bvFTD.
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| 22. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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Increased blood-brain barrier permeability is associated with dementia and diabetes but not amyloid pathology or APOE genotype
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 51, s. 104-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction might be an important component of many neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated its role in dementia using large clinical cohorts. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin ratio (Qalb), an indicator of BBB (and blood-CSF barrier) permeability, was measured in a total of 1015 individuals. The ratio was increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease dementia, subcortical vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia compared with controls. However, this measure was not changed during preclinical or prodromal Alzheimer's disease and was not associated with amyloid positron emission tomography or APOE genotype. The Qalb was increased in diabetes mellitus and correlated positively with CSF bio-markers of angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction (vascular endothelial growth factor, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). In healthy elderly, high body mass index and waist-hip ratio predicted increased Qalb 20 years later. In summary, BBB permeability is increased in major dementia disorders but does not relate to amyloid pathology or APOE genotype. Instead, BBB impairment may be associated with diabetes and brain microvascular damage. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lethin, Connie, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting caregiver burden in informal caregivers caring for persons with dementia living at home – A follow-up cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dementia. - London : Sage Publications. - 1471-3012 .- 1741-2684. ; 9:3, s. 640-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal studies of caregiver burden when caring for persons with dementia living at home are sparse. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with caregiver burden and predicting increased burden related to caregivers, persons with dementia and formal care. Data were collected through interviews with 1223 caregivers in eight European countries. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Factors associated with caregiver burden included extensive informal care provision, decreased well-being and reduced quality of life for the caregiver and reduced cognition, decreased quality of life, severe neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression in the person with dementia and caregivers’ negative experience of quality of care. Factors predicting an increased burden were diminished caregiver well-being, severe neuropsychiatric symptoms of the person with dementia and caregivers’ negative perception of quality of care. The knowledge gained in this study may be useful in developing more adequate service systems and interventions to improve dementia care. © 2018, The Author(s) 2018.
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| 25. |
- Lindvall-Axelsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of cerebrospinal fluid formation by omeprazole
- 1992
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 115:3, s. 394-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Omeprazole, a specific inhibitor of H(+)-K(+)-activated ATPase, gave a dose-dependent inhibition of CSF production as determined by cerebroventriculocisternal perfusions in the rabbit. The reduction was 35% when the perfusate concentration of omeprazole was 10(-6) M and 25% after an intravenous dose of 0.2 mg/kg of omeprazole, respectively. A similarly substituted benzimidazol (H178/42) without H(+)-K(+)-ATPase-inhibiting properties did not affect CSF production at a perfusate concentration of 10(-5) M. Omeprazole in a concentration of 2 x 10(-4) M and more caused a significant but variable reduction in total and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in choroid plexus homogenates. However, in concentrations of 2 x 10(-5) M and less, no effect on total or Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was obtained. Nor did omeprazole (2 x 10(-4) M) influence HCO3-ATPase. Choline uptake in isolated choroid plexus was significantly reduced by 86% in the presence of acid-pretreated omeprazole 2 x 10(-3) M, but was not affected by 2 x 10(-5) M omeprazole (intact or acid-pretreated). Thus, the mechanism for the marked inhibitory influence of omeprazole on CSF production is not yet evident. In doses causing even a 50% reduction of CSF production, no side effects were observed in contrast to Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitors such as ouabain.
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