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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 5. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Pattaro, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways.
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| 10. |
- Seibert, M. Marvin, et al.
(författare)
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Single mimivirus particles intercepted and imaged with an X-ray laser
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 470:7332, s. 78-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray lasers offer new capabilities in understanding the structure of biological systems, complex materials and matter under extreme conditions(1-4). Very short and extremely bright, coherent X-ray pulses can be used to outrun key damage processes and obtain a single diffraction pattern from a large macromolecule, a virus or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into plasma(1). The continuous diffraction pattern of non-crystalline objects permits oversampling and direct phase retrieval(2). Here we show that high-quality diffraction data can be obtained with a single X-ray pulse from a noncrystalline biological sample, a single mimivirus particle, which was injected into the pulsed beam of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source(5). Calculations indicate that the energy deposited into the virus by the pulse heated the particle to over 100,000 K after the pulse had left the sample. The reconstructed exit wavefront (image) yielded 32-nm full-period resolution in a single exposure and showed no measurable damage. The reconstruction indicates inhomogeneous arrangement of dense material inside the virion. We expect that significantly higher resolutions will be achieved in such experiments with shorter and brighter photon pulses focused to a smaller area. The resolution in such experiments can be further extended for samples available in multiple identical copies.
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| 11. |
- Algaba, Juan-Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 911:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
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| 12. |
- Bott, Lukas Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12
- 2023
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN ASTROPHYSICS - X, NPA-X 2022. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. ; 279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12 within the FAIR Phase-0 program at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany. From this we will extract the photon dissociation cross section O-16(alpha,gamma)C-12, which is the time reversed reaction to C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16. With this indirect method, we aim to improve on the accuracy of the experimental data at lower energies than measured so far. The expected low cross section for the Coulomb dissociation reaction and close magnetic rigidity of beam and fragments demand a high precision measurement. Hence, new detector systems were built and radical changes to the (RB)-B-3 setup were necessary to cope with the high-intensity O-16 beam. All tracking detectors were designed to let the unreacted O-16 ions pass, while detecting the C-12 and He-4.
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| 13. |
- Brownstein, Catherine A., et al.
(författare)
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An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge
- 2014
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 15:3, s. R53-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data were donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease-causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. Results: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. Conclusions: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups.
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| 14. |
- Chapman, Henry N, et al.
(författare)
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Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 470:7332, s. 73-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray crystallography provides the vast majority of macromolecular structures, but the success of the method relies on growing crystals of sufficient size. In conventional measurements, the necessary increase in X-ray dose to record data from crystals that are too small leads to extensive damage before a diffraction signal can be recorded. It is particularly challenging to obtain large, well-diffracting crystals of membrane proteins, for which fewer than 300 unique structures have been determined despite their importance in all living cells. Here we present a method for structure determination where single-crystal X-ray diffraction 'snapshots' are collected from a fully hydrated stream of nanocrystals using femtosecond pulses from a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source. We prove this concept with nanocrystals of photosystem I, one of the largest membrane protein complexes. More than 3,000,000 diffraction patterns were collected in this study, and a three-dimensional data set was assembled from individual photosystem I nanocrystals (∼200nm to 2μm in size). We mitigate the problem of radiation damage in crystallography by using pulses briefer than the timescale of most damage processes. This offers a new approach to structure determination of macromolecules that do not yield crystals of sufficient size for studies using conventional radiation sources or are particularly sensitive to radiation damage.
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| 15. |
- Halldén, Christer, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of disease-associated factors in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Blackwell. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 18:3, s. e132-e137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate disease causing mechanism in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutation. Screening for F8 mutations in 307 haemophilia A patients using: re-sequencing and inversion PCR, reverse transcription (RT-PCR) of mRNA, MLPA analysis, haplotyping using SNP and microsatellite markers. No F8 mutations were detected in 9 of the 307 patients (2.9%) using re-sequencing and inversion PCR. MLPA analysis detected duplication in exon 6 in one patient and RT-PCR showed no products for different regions of mRNA in four other patients, indicating failed transcription. No obvious associations were observed between the phenotypes of the nine patients, their F8 haplotypes and the putative mutations detected. The mutation-positive patients carrying the same haplotypes as the mutation-negative patients show a multitude of different mutations, emphasizing the lack of associations at the haplotype level. VWF mutation screening and factor V measurements ruled out type 2N VWD and combined factor V and VIII deficiency respectively. To further investigate a possible role for FVIII interacting factors the haplotypes/diplotypes of F2, F9, F10 and VWF were compared. The nine patients had no specific haplotype/diplotype combination in common that can explain disease. Duplications and faulty transcription contribute to the mutational spectrum of haemophilia A patients where conventional mutation screening fail to identify mutations.
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| 16. |
- Hamad, Osama A., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of chondroitin sulfate A to the binding of complement proteins to activated platelets
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:9, s. e12889-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure of chondroitin sulfate A (CS-A) on the surface of activated platelets is well established. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent CS-A contributes to the binding of C1q and the complement regulators C1 inhibitor (C1INH), C4b-binding protein (C4BP), and factor H to platelets. Human serum was passed over Sepharose conjugated with CS-A, and bound proteins were identified by Western blotting, and mass spectrometric analysis. C1q was identified as the main protein that specifically bound to CS-A, but C4BP and factor H were also shown to interact. Binding of C1INH was dependent of the presence of C1q and not bound to CS-A from C1q-depleted serum. The specific interactions observed of these proteins with CS-A were subsequently confirmed by surface plasmon resonance analysis using purified proteins. Importantly, C1q, C4BP, and factor H were shown to bind also to activated platelets and this interaction was inhibited by a CS-A-specific monoclonal antibody, thereby linking the binding of C1q, C4BP, and factor H to exposure of CS-A on platelets. CS-A-bound C1q was also shown to amplify the binding of model immune complexes to both microtiter plate-bound CS-A and to activated platelets. In conclusion, this study supports the concept that CS-A contributes to the binding of C1q, C4BP, and factor H to platelets, thereby adding CS-A to the previously reported binding sites for these proteins on the platelet surface. CS-A-bound C1q seems to amplify the binding of immune complexes to activated platelets, suggesting a role for this molecule in immune complex diseases.
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| 17. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 18. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 19. |
- Nebel, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes osteogenic activity and downregulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontal Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3484 .- 1600-0765. ; 50:5, s. 666-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) on osteogenic and inflammatory properties of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and investigate underlying mechanisms. Material and MethodsHuman PDL cells, obtained from four subjects, were stimulated with vitamin D3 for 4-48h. The bone markers osteopontin and osteocalcin and proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine and chemokine expression was determined after stimulation with the inflammation promoter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of vitamin D3. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed using p-nitrophenylphosphate substrate. ResultsTreatment with 30ng/mL of vitamin D3, corresponding to an optimal plasma concentration of vitamin D, for 24h had no effect on PDL cell number and morphology but increased PDL cell osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression by about 70 and 40%, respectively, and, moreover, treatment with vitamin D3 for 48h enhanced PDL cell alkaline phosphatase activity by about two times showing that vitamin D3 exerts pro-osteogenic effects in human PDL cells. Stimulation with LPS (1g/mL) for 4h increased PDL cell interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) chemokine mRNA expression several fold. The LPS-induced increase in IL-6 and CXCL1 transcripts was attenuated by vitamin D3 (30ng/mL). Treatment with vitamin D3 (3-300ng/mL) for 24h reduced the LPS-evoked increase in PDL cell IL-6 protein by about 50%. Vitamin D3 (30ng/mL) had no effect on LPS-induced IL-1 and MCP-1 mRNA expression. ConclusionsVitamin D3 promotes osteogenic differentiation but also downregulates inflammation promoter-induced IL-6 cytokine and CXCL1 chemokine expression in human PDL cells, suggesting that vitamin D3 both stimulates bone regeneration and antagonizes inflammation in human periodontal tissue.
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| 20. |
- Nilsson Hammar, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Gender, materiality, and Politics : Essays on the making of power - Essays on the making of power. - 9789189361379 ; , s. 7-21
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Roselli, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:9, s. 1225-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide(1) and has a complex heritability(2). We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF.
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| 22. |
- Sandberg, Dick, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvändiga träfasader : Inverkan av materialval, konstruktion och ytbehandling på beständigheten hos fasader av gran och tall
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den utvändiga fasaden ska ge byggnaden ett uttryck genom utformning och kulör. Fasaden ska också skydda de isolerande skikten i väggen från yttre påverkan. Dessa funktioner kan uppfyllas av i stort sett alla material. Om trä ska trä vara konkurrenskraftigt måste trämaterialet, fasadkonstruktionen och ytbehandlingssystemet väljas och samverka på ett sådant sätt att fasaden får en lång livslängd med litet och lågt underhåll. Därigenom blir träfasaden ekonomiskt och estetiskt attraktiv för brukaren i vid mening.Denna studie belyser kunskapsfronten för utomhusanvändning av träslagen tall (Pinus sylvestris L.) och gran (Picea abies L. Karst.) ovan mark. Specifikt studeras användning i fasader utifrån aspekterna materialval, fasadkonstruktion, ytbehandling samt återvinning.Marknaden efterfrågar träfasadsystem. De behov som marknadens aktörer, dvs. byggherrar, fastighetsförvaltare, arkitekter, konstruktörer, stomleverantörer, entreprenörer och representanter för småhusindustrin, framhäver kan sammanfattas i följande punkter:Behov av specificerad livslängd och givna tidsintervall för underhåll av träfasader. (Ska vara i nivå med konkurrerande material)Det är önskvärt att leverantören av ett fasadsystem ikläder sig ett långsiktigt ansvar för underhåll.Flexibilitet, leverantören ska kunna byta ut eller renovera fasaden vid behov.Byggkrav, träfasadmaterial måste kunna samverka med andra, speciellt brandklassade, material.Fasadsystem skall vara utseendemässigt attraktivt.Den primära marknaden för nya fasadsystem bör vara flerbostadshus, men inte nödvändigtvis flerbostadshus av trä. Fokus ska ligga på fasadsystemets flexibilitet i arkitektoniskt uttryck och i relation till andra material och system. Nybyggnation är viktigt, men miljonprogrammet, renovering och tillbyggnad (ROT) samt energieffektivisering är också viktiga områden.Den svenska marknaden är liten (idag ca. 70 000 m3 trä för fasader), men bör inledningsvis ändå prioriteras och därefter de nordiska länderna, samt Schweiz, Österrike och Tyskland.I litteraturen beskrivs mer eller mindre välgrundade rekommendationer för att förlänga träfasaders livslängd och öka dess underhålls-intervall. Vissa av rekommendationerna är dock direkt motstridiga.När aspekterna materialval, fasadkonstruktion och ytbehandling studeras finns det många detaljer som har betydelse för träfasadens beständighet. Det är svårt att sära ut de mest väsentliga faktorerna, men utan att ta hänsyn till aspekter som kostnader, tillgång, eller andra av praktiskt karaktär viktiga faktorer kan följande nyckelfaktorer identifieras för en miljöriktig och beständig fasad av tall eller gran:MaterialvalHög andel kärnved, helst uteslutande kärnvedVirket ska ha stående årsringarHanteringen ska utföras så att virket inte får mekaniska skador, får mikrobiella angrepp, eller blir uppfuktat eller nedsmutsat, dvs. snabb och rätt hantering, samt god emballering.Från marken – fasaden ska börja minst 30 cm ovan marken.Ventilation – utforma fasadbeklädnaden så att fukt snabbt kan torka ut. Ventilera utrymmet bakom fasaden vilket är ett enkelt sätt för att möjliggöra detta.Vattenavrinning – inga horisontella ytor.Flexibilitet – ska gälla både konstruktion och arkitektoniskt utförande. Fasadsystem som kan ”hängas på” befintliga byggnader efterfrågas.Förseglat ändträ – försegling av ändträytor för att förhindra fuktupptagning i träet är helt avgörande för trämaterialets livslängd. Spikning kan öppna nya ändträytor och bör därmed utföras omsorgsfullt och med eftertanke.Rundade virkeskanter – ger bättre täckförmåga hos färgen och minskar risk för mekaniska skador på fasadbrädorna.Val av ytbehandling – spelar en nyckelroll för fasadens prestanda. En träfasad ska levereras som en del av ett komplett underhållspaket.Hantering från skog till fasadKonstruktionYtbehandlingFör ytbehandling finns idag många tillämpningar där nanotekniken utnyttjas för att skapa mervärde hos en yta jämfört med vad dagens mer traditionella produkter kan erbjuda. Nanobaserade ytbehandlingsprodukter marknadsförs redan idag och där uppges de göra ytor smuts- och vattenavvisande, förhindra påväxt av alger, svamp och mossa, förbättra UV- och temperaturresistensen och kulörbeständigheten, förbättra rep- och nötningståligheten, samt ha antigraffiti egenskaper etc. De flesta produkterna är dock nya och för en del finns därför frågetecken vad gäller t.ex. långtidsprestanda och teknisk livslängd, underhållbarhet och därmed sammanhängande ekonomi sett ur ett livscykelperspektiv för den produkt eller system där ytbehandlingen utgör bara en del.En kostnadsanalys som genomförts i studien gör bedömningen att nya nanoteknikbaserade ytbehandlingssystem skulle kunna ge som mest en reduktion av underhållskostnaderna med 15 %. Antagandet är då att fasadrengöring behöver göras vart femte eller sjunde år då traditionella målningssystem används.Återvunnet trä från träfasader definieras enligt Svensk standard som trädbränsle och benämns generellt för returträ eller när materialet är i finfördelad form för returflis.Ett stort problem med att återvinna energin från returträ är att en del av materialet är behandlat på något sätt, t.ex. impregnerat med träskyddsmedel, ytbehandlat eller innehåller andra konstruktionsdelar av t.ex. plast eller metall. Returflis är ett utmärkt bränsle för energiåtervinning förutsatt att anläggningen har tillräcklig rökgasrening och att askan hanteras på ett korrekt sätt. Ett problem idag är vad som ska ske med förorenad askan då den klassas som farligt avfall och därmed inte kan återföras till skogen. Om halterna av tungmetaller inte är för höga kan askan användas som täck- och fyllmaterial annars måste askan gå till deponi.En bättre källsortering och översyn av regelverk skulle dessutom kunna leda till att det renare returträet skulle kunna eldas i konventionella biobränslepannor medan den förorenade andelen då skulle eldas separat.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Steen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Recognition of Amino Acid Motifs, Rather Than Specific Proteins, by Human Plasma Cell-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies to Posttranslationally Modified Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : WILEY. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 71:2, s. 196-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Antibodies against posttranslationally modified proteins are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the emergence and pathogenicity of these autoantibodies are still incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the antigen specificities and mutation patterns of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) derived from RA synovial plasma cells and address the question of antigen cross-reactivity.Methods: IgG-secreting cells were isolated from RA synovial fluid, and the variable regions of the immunoglobulins were sequenced (n = 182) and expressed in full-length mAb (n = 93) and also as germline-reverted versions. The patterns of reactivity with 53,019 citrullinated peptides and 49,211 carbamylated peptides and the potential of the mAb to promote osteoclastogenesis were investigated.Results: Four unrelated anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPAs), of which one was clonally expanded, were identified and found to be highly somatically mutated in the synovial fluid of a patient with RA. The ACPAs recognized >3,000 unique peptides modified by either citrullination or carbamylation. This highly multireactive autoantibody feature was replicated for Ig sequences derived from B cells from the peripheral blood of other RA patients. The plasma cell-derived mAb were found to target distinct amino acid motifs and partially overlapping protein targets. They also conveyed different effector functions as revealed in an osteoclast activation assay.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the high level of cross-reactivity among RA autoreactive B cells is the result of different antigen encounters, possibly at different sites and at different time points. This is consistent with the notion that RA is initiated in one context, such as in the mucosal organs, and thereafter targets other sites, such as the joints.
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| 25. |
- Svensson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor regulates human periodontal ligament cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- 2017
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Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1023-3830 .- 1420-908X. ; 66:9, s. 823-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Regulation of immune-like cell properties of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is not understood. We investigate the importance of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) for production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human PDL cells. Materials and methods: PDL cells were isolated from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Cellular location of SLPI was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Cytokine transcript and protein expression were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. SLPI gene activity was knocked-down by siRNA. NF-κB signaling was assessed by measuring IκBα, and phosphorylated p65 and p105 protein expression. Results: PDL cells showed cytoplasmic expression of SLPI. Cellular expression level of SLPI negatively correlated to LPS-induced stimulation of IL-6 and MCP-1. Both SLPI gene activity and protein were reduced by about 70% in PDL cells treated with SLPI siRNA compared to cells treated with non-coding construct. Treatment with SLPI siRNA was associated with up-regulation of both basal and LPS-stimulated IL-6, MCP-1 and TLRs mRNA expression. The up-regulation of MCP-1 transcript in SLPI siRNA-treated cells was confirmed on protein level. SLPI siRNA-treatment enhanced the phosphorylated NF-κB p105 protein expression. Conclusions: SLPI regulates PDL cell pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and modulates NF-κB signaling, suggesting that SLPI governs the immune cell-like properties of PDL cells.
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