| 1. |
- Culina, Antica, et al.
(författare)
-
Connecting the data landscape of long-term ecological studies : The SPI-Birds data hub
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 90:9, s. 2147-2160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long-term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and ecological processes in the wild. Furthermore, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad-scale global issues (e.g. climate change). To solve data integration issues and enable a new scale of ecological and evolutionary research based on long-term studies of birds, we have created the SPI-Birds Network and Database ()-a large-scale initiative that connects data from, and researchers working on, studies of wild populations of individually recognizable (usually ringed) birds. Within year and a half since the establishment, SPI-Birds has recruited over 120 members, and currently hosts data on almost 1.5 million individual birds collected in 80 populations over 2,000 cumulative years, and counting. SPI-Birds acts as a data hub and a catalogue of studied populations. It prevents data loss, secures easy data finding, use and integration and thus facilitates collaboration and synthesis. We provide community-derived data and meta-data standards and improve data integrity guided by the principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), and aligned with the existing metadata languages (e.g. ecological meta-data language). The encouraging community involvement stems from SPI-Bird's decentralized approach: research groups retain full control over data use and their way of data management, while SPI-Birds creates tailored pipelines to convert each unique data format into a standard format. We outline the lessons learned, so that other communities (e.g. those working on other taxa) can adapt our successful model. Creating community-specific hubs (such as ours, COMADRE for animal demography, etc.) will aid much-needed large-scale ecological data integration.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nordin Fredrikson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between IgM against an aldehyde-modified peptide in apo B-100 and progression of carotid disease.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 38, s. 1495-1500
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose— Autoantibodies against antigens in oxidized low-density lipoprotein are common in people; experimental studies suggest that these immune responses have a functional role in the disease process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the immune response against one defined oxidized low-density lipoprotein antigen, the aldehyde-modified peptide corresponding amino acids 3136 and 3155 (MDA-p210) in apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, and progression of carotid intima media thickness (IMT).Methods— IgM and IgG against MDA-p210 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and after 12 months of treatment with placebo, metoprolol, fluvastatin, or metoprolol/fluvastatin in 751 individuals participating in the BCAPS. Carotid IMT was assessed by ultrasonography at baseline and after 18 and 36 months of treatment.Results— Antibody levels did not change in response to treatment, but high baseline MDA-p210 IgM levels were associated with a more rapid progression of carotid disease both at 18 (r=0.09, P<0.05) and 36 months (r=0.12, P<0.005). At 36 months, the difference in IMT progression rate per year between those with high MDA-p210 IgM levels and those with low was 0.011 mm (95% CI=0.005 to 0.018 mm, P<0.0001). Treatment with fluvastatin markedly decreased the progression of IMT among subjects with high but not with low MDA-p210 IgM levels. There was no association between MDA-p210 IgG and carotid IMT progression.Conclusions— IgM against the aldehyde-modified peptide corresponding amino acids 3136 and 3155 in apo B-100 is common in subjects with asymptomatic carotid disease, and high levels are associated with a more rapid progression of carotid IMT. The observation that the effect of fluvastatin was restricted to subjects with high MDA-p210 IgM levels may reflect the increased rate of disease progression in this group.
|
|
| 3. |
- Nordin Fredrikson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between IgM against an aldehyde-modified peptide in apolipoprotein B-100 and progression of carotid disease
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. - 1524-4628. ; 38:5, s. 1495-1500
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose - Autoantibodies against antigens in oxidized low-density lipoprotein are common in people; experimental studies suggest that these immune responses have a functional role in the disease process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the immune response against one defined oxidized low-density lipoprotein antigen, the aldehyde-modified peptide corresponding amino acids 3136 and 3155 (MDA-p210) in apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, and progression of carotid intima media thickness (IMT). Methods - IgM and IgG against MDA-p210 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and after 12 months of treatment with placebo, metoprolol, fluvastatin, or metoprolol/ fluvastatin in 751 individuals participating in the BCAPS. Carotid IMT was assessed by ultrasonography at baseline and after 18 and 36 months of treatment. Results - Antibody levels did not change in response to treatment, but high baseline MDA-p210 IgM levels were associated with a more rapid progression of carotid disease both at 18 ( r = 0.09, P < 0.05) and 36 months ( r = 0.12, P < 0.005). At 36 months, the difference in IMT progression rate per year between those with high MDA-p210 IgM levels and those with low was 0.011 mm ( 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.018 mm, P < 0.0001). Treatment with fluvastatin markedly decreased the progression of IMT among subjects with high but not with low MDA-p210 IgM levels. There was no association between MDA-p210 IgG and carotid IMT progression. Conclusions - IgM against the aldehyde-modified peptide corresponding amino acids 3136 and 3155 in apo B-100 is common in subjects with asymptomatic carotid disease, and high levels are associated with a more rapid progression of carotid IMT. The observation that the effect of fluvastatin was restricted to subjects with high MDA-p210 IgM levels may reflect the increased rate of disease progression in this group.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nordin Fredrikson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of autoantibodies in human plasma recognizing an apoB-100 LDL receptor binding site peptide
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Lipid Research. - 1539-7262 .- 0022-2275. ; 47:9, s. 2049-2054
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that autoantibodies recognize amino acid sequences in the LDL receptor binding region of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100). Autoantibodies against an unmodified or malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified LDL receptor binding site peptide were determined by ELISA in baseline plasma samples of 78 cases with coronary events and 149 matched controls recruited from the prospective Malmo Diet Cancer Study. IgG and IgM recognizing this peptide were detected in all subjects but did not differ between cases and controls. Inverse associations were observed between IgG against the native binding site and plasma oxidized LDL (r = -0.21, P < 0.005), but there were no significant associations with total or LDL cholesterol levels. In univariate analyses, inverse associations were found between baseline carotid intima-media thickness and IgG against the MDA-modified binding site (r = -0.14, P < 0.05), but this association was lost when controlling for other major cardiovascular risk factors. Specificity studies demonstrated that the binding of autoantibodies to these sequences could be inhibited by oxidized but not by native LDL. Autoantibodies recognizing the LDL receptor binding site in apoB-100 are frequently expressed. Their association with plasma oxidized LDL suggests that they have been generated in response to breakdown products of LDL oxidation, but their influence on cholesterol metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis appears limited.
|
|
| 5. |
- af Sillén, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-rated health in relation to age and gender: influence on mortality risk in the Malmö Preventive Project.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 33:3, s. 9-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: A study was undertaken to examine whether poor self-rated health (SRH) can independently predict all-cause mortality during 22-year follow-up in middle-aged men and women. Subjects and methods: Data are derived from a population-based study in Malmo¨ , Sweden. This included baseline laboratory testing and a self-administered questionnaire. The question on global SRH was answered by 15,590 men (mean age 46.4 years) and 10,089 women (49.4 years). Social background characteristics (occupation, marital status) were based on data from national censuses. Mortality was retrieved from national registers. Results: At screening 4,261 (27.3%) men and 3,085 (30.6%) women reported poor SRH. Among subjects rating their SRH as low, 1,022 (24.0%) men and 228 (7.4%) women died during follow-up. Corresponding figures for subjects rating their SRH as high were 1801 (15.9%) men and 376 (5.4%) women. An analysis of survival in subjects reporting poor SRH revealed an age-adjusted hazard risk ratio (HR, 95%CI) for men HR 1.5 (1.4–1.7), and for women HR 1.4 (1.2–1.6). The corresponding HR after adjusting for possible social confounders was for men HR 1.3 (1.1–1.4), and women HR 1.1 (0.9–1.4). When additional adjustment was made for biological risk factors the association for men was still significant, HR 1.2 (1.1–1.3). Conclusion: Poor SRH predicts increased long-term mortality in healthy, middle-aged subjects. For men the association is independent of both social background and selected biological variables. The adjustment for biological variables can be questioned as they might represent mediating mechanisms in a possible causal chain of events.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin N., et al.
(författare)
-
Diet and ambient temperature interact to shape plasma fatty acid composition, basal metabolic rate and oxidative stress in great tits
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Journal of experimental biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diet and ambient temperature affect animal physiology, survival and reproductive success. However, knowledge of how these environmental factors interact to shape physiological processes and life-history traits of birds and other animals is largely lacking. By exposing adult great tits (Parus major) to two contrasting diets (saturated or unsaturated fatty acids; SFAs and UFAs, respectively) and ambient temperatures (3°C versus 20°C) that the birds encounter in nature, we investigated the effects of these two factors on several physiological parameters. Our results show that diet and ambient temperature interact to affect the composition of plasma fatty acids, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and oxidative stress, which are thought to affect the life-history and survival of individuals. Specifically, birds provided the SFA-rich diet had higher mass-specific BMR and oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation) after exposure to low compared with high ambient temperature, whereas the opposite pattern was evident for birds with a UFA-rich diet. Surprisingly, birds on the SFA diet had higher relative levels of monounsaturated fatty acids compared with the UFA-fed birds at low ambient temperature, whereas the opposite, and expected, pattern was found at the high temperature. Although the present study focuses on the physiological implications of the diet×temperature interaction, our results might also be important for the leading theories of ageing, which currently do not take interactions between environmental factors into account. In addition, the present results are important for wildlife management, especially with regards to anthropogenic feeding of wild animals across variable and changing climatic conditions.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Broggi, Juli, et al.
(författare)
-
Carry-over effects on reproduction in food-supplemented wintering great tits
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - : Wiley. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 2022:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bird winter-feeding has become a popular backyard activity around the world, particularly in northern regions of Europe and America with cold winters. However, the short- and long-term ecological consequences of such artificial feeding remain inconclusive. In seasonal environments, timing of breeding is a crucial aspect that can strongly influence reproductive output and ultimately fitness. Individual condition at the start of the breeding season is especially important in determining breeding success, by influencing the onset of and investment in breeding. However, empirical evidence on the effects of winter feeding on avian breeding performance remain equivocal. We studied onset of reproduction (laying date) and breeding investment (clutch size) over seven consecutive seasons in a population of wild great tits Parus major in southern Sweden. During the first three years of study, no experimental manipulation was undertaken, while over the last four years the study area was exposed to either supplemented or unmanipulated winter feeding conditions. Breeding was positively affected by supplementary feeding during winter, as birds breeding in the supplemented area increased their clutch size compared to birds from the control area, although laying date remained unaffected by winter feeding. Since differences in clutch size were absent during the three years prior to the experimental manipulation, the results suggest that winter supplementary feeding, and not inherent differences between the two areas, was the reason for the observed effect. Both breeding parameters varied over the years of study, although the effects of the experimental manipulation on clutch size remained consistent, which suggests a carry-over effect of winter feeding on subsequent breeding performance.
|
|
| 11. |
- Broggi, Juli, et al.
(författare)
-
Mass or pace? Seasonal energy management in wintering boreal passerines
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 189:2, s. 339-351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on winter energy management in small vertebrates has focused on the regulation of body mass (BM) within a framework of starvation-predation trade-off. Winter-acclimatized birds exhibit a seasonal increase in both BM and basal metabolic rate (BMR), although the patterns of co-variation between the two traits remain unknown. We studied this co-variation in three different species of wild titmice, great, blue and willow tits, originating from two boreal regions at different latitudes. Seasonal change in BM and BMR was inter-dependent, particularly in the great tit; however, by contrast, no seasonal change was observed in the willow tit. BMR changed non-linearly in concert with BM with a peak in midwinter for both blue and great tits, whereas such non-linear pattern in willow tit was opposite and independent of BM. Surprisingly, BMR appears to be more sensitive to ambient temperatures than BM in all three species studied. Energy management is a multifaceted strategy that cannot be fully understood without considering reserve levels and energy expenditure simultaneously. Thus, our study indicates that the prevailing conceptual framework based on variation in BM alone is insufficient to understand seasonal energy management in small wintering passerines.
|
|
| 12. |
- Cha, Eunjung, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Cryogenic low-noise InP HEMTs: A source-drain distance study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 Compound Semiconductor Week, CSW 2016. - 9781509019649 ; , s. Article number 7528576-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scaling effect of the source-drain distance was investigated in order to improve the performance of low-noise InP HEMTs at cryogenic temperatures 4-15 K. The highest dc transconductance at an operating temperature of 4.8 K and low bias power was achieved at a source-drain distance of 1.4 mu m. The extracted HEMT minimum noise temperature was 0.9 K at 5.8 GHz for a 3-stage 4-8 GHz hybrid low-noise amplifier at 10 K.
|
|
| 13. |
- Chapman, Ben, et al.
(författare)
-
To boldly go: individual differences in boldness influence migratory tendency.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X. ; 14, s. 871-876
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecology Letters (2011) ABSTRACT: Partial migration, whereby only a fraction of the population migrates, is thought to be the most common type of migration in the animal kingdom, and can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Despite this, the factors that influence which individuals migrate and which remain resident are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that consistent individual differences in personality traits in animals can be ecologically important, but field studies integrating personality traits with migratory behaviour are extremely rare. In this study, we investigate the influence of individual boldness, an important personality trait, upon the migratory propensity of roach, a freshwater fish, over two consecutive migration seasons. We assay and individually tag 460 roach and show that boldness influences migratory propensity, with bold individuals being more likely to migrate than shy fish. Our data suggest that an extremely widespread personality trait in animals can have significant ecological consequences via influencing individual-level migratory behaviour.
|
|
| 14. |
- Cöster, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a self-reported foot and ankle score (SEFAS)
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 83:2, s. 197-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose A questionnaire was introduced by the New Zealand Arthroplasty Registry for use when evaluating the outcome of total ankle replacement surgery. We evaluated the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the modified Swedish version of the questionnaire (SEFAS) in patients with osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis before and/or after their ankle was replaced or fused. Patients and methods The questionnaire was translated into Swedish and cross-culturally adapted according to a standardized procedure. It was sent to 135 patients with ankle arthritis who were scheduled for or had undergone surgery, together with the foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS), the short form 36 (SF-36) score, and the EuroQol (EQ-5D) score. Construct validity was evaluated with Spearman's correlation coefficient when comparing SEFAS with FAOS, SF-36, and EQ-5D, content validity by calculating floor and ceiling effects, test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (n = 62), agreement by Bland-Altman plot, and responsiveness by effect size and standardized response mean (n = 37). Results For construct validity, we correlated SEFAS with the other scores and 70% or more of our predefined hypotheses concerning correlations could be confirmed. There were no floor or ceiling effects. ICC was 0.92 (CI 95%: 0.88-0.95), Cronbach's alpha 0.96, effect size was 1.44, and the standardized response mean was 1.00. Interpretation SEFAS is a self-reported foot and ankle score with good validity, reliability and responsiveness, indicating that the score can be used to evaluate patients with osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis of the ankle and outcome of surgery.
|
|
| 15. |
- Ekberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Hospital admission rates among men and women with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and airflow limitation corresponding to the GOLD stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - A population-based study
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 102:1, s. 109-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate hospital admission rates among individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and among those with airflow limitation corresponding to GOLD stages 1-4. Method: Between 1974 and 1992, 22 044 middle-aged individuals participated in a health screening, which included spirometry (without broncho-dilation), as well as recording of respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. Information on hospital admissions until 31 December 2002 was obtained from local and national registers. The hospital admission rates due to all causes, obstructive Lung disease and cardiovascular disease were analysed among individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and among those with airflow limitation corresponding to GOLD stages 1-4 using ordinal regression with adjustment for age and with individuals with normal lung function and without symptoms of chronic bronchitis as reference group. Results: Symptoms of chronic bronchitis and GOLD stages 1-4 showed increased hospital admission rates (hospital admission rates due to obstructive lung disease excluded) among smokers of both genders. Furthermore, symptoms of chronic bronchitis showed increased hospital admission rates due to obstructive lung disease among smoking women. There were also increased hospital admission rates due to obstructive lung disease among smokers of GOLD stages 1-4 and increased hospital admission rates due to cardiovascular disease among female smokers of GOLD stage 2. Conclusion: Among smokers, symptoms of chronic bronchitis as well airflow limitation corresponding to GOLD stages 1-4 conveyed a substantial morbidity with increased hospital admission rates due to all causes. The burden of disease is most likely underestimated among individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|
|
| 16. |
- Ekberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Mortality in GOLD stages of COPD and its dependence on symptoms of chronic bronchitis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 6, s. 98-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The GOLD classification of COPD severity introduces a stage 0 ( at risk) comprising individuals with productive cough and normal lung function. The aims of this study were to investigate total mortality risks in GOLD stages 0 - 4 with special focus on stage 0, and furthermore to assess the influence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis on mortality risks in GOLD stages 1 - 4. Method: Between 1974 and 1992, a total of 22 044 middle-aged individuals participated in a health screening, which included a spirometry as well as recording of respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. Individuals with comorbidity at baseline ( diabetes, stroke, cancer, angina pectoris, or heart infarction) were excluded from the analyses. Hazard ratios (HR 95% CI) of total mortality were analyzed in GOLD stages 0 - 4 with individuals with normal lung function and without symptoms of chronic bronchitis as a reference group. HR: s in smoking individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis within the stages 1 - 4 were calculated with individuals with the same GOLD stage but without symptoms of chronic bronchitis as reference. Results: The number of deaths was 3674 for men and 832 for women based on 352 324 and 150 050 person-years respectively. The proportion of smokers among men was 50% and among women 40%. Self reported comorbidity was present in 4.6% of the men and 6.6% of the women. Among smoking men, Stage 0 was associated with an increased mortality risk, HR; 1.65 ( 1.32 - 2.08), of similar magnitude as in stage 2, HR; 1.41 ( 1.31 - 1.70). The hazard ratio in stage 0 was significantly higher than in stage 1 HR; 1.13 ( 0.98 - 1.29). Among male smokers with stage 1; HR: 2.04 ( 1.34 - 3.11), and among female smokers with stage 2 disease; HR: 3.16 ( 1.38 - 7.23), increased HR: s were found in individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis as compared to those without symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: Symptoms fulfilling the definition of chronic bronchitis were associated with an increased mortality risk among male smokers with normal pulmonary function ( stage 0) and also with an increased risk of death among smoking individuals with mild to moderate COPD ( stage 1 and 2).
|
|
| 17. |
- Ellis, Vincenzo A., et al.
(författare)
-
Explaining prevalence, diversity and host specificity in a community of avian haemosporidian parasites
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 129:9, s. 1314-1329
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many hypotheses attempt to explain parasite–host associations, but rarely are they examined together in a single community. For hosts, key traits are the proportion of infected individuals (prevalence) and the diversity of parasites infecting them. A key parasite trait is host specificity, ranging from specialists infecting one or a few closely related species to generalists infecting many species. We tested 10 hypotheses to explain host-parasite associations; five ‘host-centric’ (e.g. prevalence is related to host abundance) and five ‘parasite-centric’ (e.g. parasite abundance is related to host specificity). We analyzed a community of 67 locally transmitted avian haemosporidian parasite lineages (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus or Leucocytozoon), sampled from 2726 birds (64 species) in southern Sweden. Among host-centric hypotheses, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon prevalence and Haemoproteus diversity were related to host habitat preferences, whereas there were no relationships with host abundance or body mass. Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon prevalences were more similar among closely related than among distantly related host species. Haemoproteus prevalence and diversity were lower in host species with few close relatives (‘evolutionarily distinct’ hosts). Among parasite-centric hypotheses, most lineages, even relative generalists, infected closely related host species more often than expected by chance. However, the host species of Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon lineages overlapped less among lineages than expected by chance. Specialists did not reach higher prevalences than generalists on single host species. However, the abundance of Haemoproteus lineages was related to host specificity with generalists more common than specialists; this was driven by three closely related generalists. Host specificity of parasites was unrelated to the abundance or evolutionarily distinctiveness of their hosts. Parasite communities are likely structured by many factors and cannot be explained by hypotheses focusing solely on hosts or parasites. However, we found consistent effects of host phylogenetic relationships, plausibly a result of evolutionarily conserved host immune systems limiting parasite distributions.
|
|
| 18. |
- Hansson, L-A, et al.
(författare)
-
A synthesis of animal movement across scales
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Animal Movement Across Scales. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199677184 ; , s. 259-267
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter aims at synthesizing the knowledge presented in the chapters of the book’s three sections by addressing evolutionary compromises, dispersal, gene flow, and assisted movements. How climate change and other environmental changes at different scales may affect animal movement, migration, and dispersal in the future are also summarized here. Moreover, how the different senses are utilized for navigation and orientation and how these may lead to different movement and migration patterns are also discussed. Finally, how the recent technical revolution has affected animal movement research is addressed and the view on future perspectives of animal movement research is also provided.
|
|
| 19. |
- Henricson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
10-year survival of total ankle arthroplasties A report on 780 cases from the Swedish Ankle Register
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 82:6, s. 655-659
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose There is an ongoing need to review large series of total ankle replacements (TARs) for monitoring of changes in practice and their outcome. 4 national registries, including the Swedish Ankle Register, have previously reported their 5-year results. We now present an extended series with a longer follow-up, and with a 10-year survival analysis. Patients and methods Records of uncemented 3-component TARs were retrospectively reviewed, determining risk factors such as age, sex, and diagnosis. Prosthetic survival rates were calculated with exchange or removal of components as endpoint-excluding incidental exchange of the polyethylene meniscus. Results Of the 780 prostheses implanted since 1993, 168 (22%) had been revised by June 15, 2010. The overall survival rate fell from 0.81 (95% CI: 0.79-0.83) at 5 years to 0.69 (95% CI: 0.67-0.71) at 10 years. The survival rate was higher, although not statistically significantly so, during the latter part of the period investigated. Excluding the STAR prosthesis, the survival rate for all the remaining designs was 0.78 at 10 years. Women below the age of 60 with osteoarthritis were at a higher risk of revision, but age did not influence the outcome in men or women with rheumatoid arthritis. Revisions due to technical mistakes at the index surgery and instability were undertaken earlier than revisions for other reasons. Interpretation The results have slowly improved during the 18-year period investigated. However, we do not believe that the survival rates of ankle replacements in the near future will approach those of hip and knee replacements-even though improved instrumentation and design of the prostheses, together with better patient selection, will presumably give better results.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Holmberg, Anna H, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for hip fractures in a middle-aged population: a study of 33,000 men and women.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 16:Sep22, s. 2185-2194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about subjects who sustain hip fractures in middle age is poor. This study prospectively investigated risk factors for hip fracture in middle age and compared risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures. The Malmo Preventive Project consists of 22,444 men, mean age 44 years, and 10,902 women, mean age 50 years at inclusion. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. Follow-up was up to 16 years with regard to occurrence of fracture. One hundred thirty-five women had one low-energy hip fracture each, 93 of which were cervical and 42 trochanteric. One hundred sixty-three men had 166 hip fractures, of which 81 were cervical and 85 trochanteric. In the final Cox regression model for women, the risk factors with the strongest associations with hip fracture were diabetes (risk ratio (RR) 3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-8.93, p=0.001) and poor self-rated health (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.22-2.48, p=0.002). A history of previous fracture (RR 4.76, 95%CI 2.74-8.26, p=0.0001) was also a significant risk factor. In men, diabetes had the strongest association with hip fracture (RR 6.13, 95%CI 3.19-11.8, p=0.001). Smoking (RR 2.20, 95%CI 1.54-3.15, p=0.001), high serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.50-2.26, p=0.001), poor self-rated health (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06-2.10, p=0.02) and reported sleep disturbances (RR 1.52, 95%CI 1.03-2.27, p=0.04) were other significant risk factors. The strongest risk factor for hip fracture for both women and men in middle age was diabetes. Many risk factors were similar for men and women, although the risk ratio differed. The risk factor pattern for cervical versus trochanteric fractures differed in both men and women. The findings indicate that those suffering a hip fracture before the age of 75 have a shorter life expectancy, suggesting that hip fractures affect the less healthy segment of the population.
|
|
| 22. |
- Holmberg, Anna H, et al.
(författare)
-
The Association Between Hyperglycemia and Fracture Risk in Middle Age. A prospective, population-based study of 22 444 men and 10 902 women.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 93:3, s. 815-822
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fracture risk, whereas the risk associated with type 2 diabetes is less obvious. Elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and high 2-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) indicate impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. The associations between FBG, 2-h glucose and the risk of fracture were investigated. Methods: The Malmö Preventive Project consists of 22 444 men (44 +/- 6.6 yrs) and 10 902 women (50 +/- 7.4 yrs), with a follow-up of 19 (+/-3.9)years and 15 (+/-4.5) years for incident fractures. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. A logistic regression model was used. Adjustments were made for age, BMI, and smoking. Results: Low-energy fractures were recorded in 1246 men and 1236 women. A 2-h glucose measurement between 4.3 and 6.2 mmol/L in men (2(nd) and 3(rd) quartiles), and above 6.5 mmol/L in women (3(rd) and 4(th) quartiles), adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking, was significantly associated with decreased risk of multiple fractures, in men (ORs 0.57-0.71) and women (ORs 0.38-0.66). In women, a 2-h glucose measurement above 7.5 mmol/L was associated with a decreased risk of osteoporotic fractures (OR 0.57, CI 95% 0.44-0.74). Conclusions: In middle-aged men and women, elevated 2-h glucose levels were associated with decreased risks of multiple and osteoporotic fractures, independent of age, BMI, and smoking. A high 2-h glucose level is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance with a high insulin level. Our findings indirectly suggest a positive effect on bone from hyperglycemia.
|
|
| 23. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
|
|
| 24. |
- Kamrad, Ilka, et al.
(författare)
-
Poor prosthesis survival and function after component exchange of total ankle prostheses
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 86:4, s. 407-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In failed total ankle replacements (TARs), fusion is often the procedure of preference; the outcome after exchanging prosthetic components is debated. We analyzed prosthetic survival, self-reported function, and patient satisfaction after component exchange. Patients and methods We identified patients in the Swedish Ankle Registry who underwent exchange of a tibial and/or talar component between January 1, 1993 and July 1, 2013 and estimated prosthetic survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. We evaluated the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) SEFAS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, SF-36, and patient satisfaction by direct questions.RESULTS: 69 patients underwent revision TAR median 22 (0-110) months after the primary procedure. 24 of these failed again after median 26 (1-110) months. Survival analysis of revision TAR showed a 5-year survival rate of 76% and a 10-year survival of 55%. 29 patients with first revision TAR in situ answered the PROMs at mean 8 (1-17) years after revision and had the following mean scores: SEFAS 22, SF-36 physical 37 and mental 49, EQ-5D index 0.6, and EQ-VAS 64. 15 of the patients were satisfied, 5 were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and 9 were dissatisfied.INTERPRETATION: Revision TAR had a 10-year survival of 55%, which is lower than the 10-year survival of 74% for primary TAR reported from the same registry. Only half of the patients were satisfied. Future studies should show which, if any, patients benefit from revision TAR and which patients should rather be fused directly.
|
|
| 25. |
- Kanatsuna, N, et al.
(författare)
-
Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
|
|
