| 1. |
- Karlsson, Håkan K R, et al.
(författare)
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Branched-chain amino acids increase p70S6k phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise.
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 287:1, s. E1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise alone or in combination with oral intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on phosphorylation of the 70-kDa S6 protein kinase (p70(S6k)) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle. Seven male subjects performed one session of quadriceps muscle resistance training (4 x 10 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum) on two occasions. In a randomized order, double-blind, crossover test, subjects ingested a solution of BCAA or placebo during and after exercise. Ingestion of BCAA increased plasma concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, and valine during exercise and throughout recovery after exercise (2 h postexercise), whereas no change was noted after the placebo trial. Resistance exercise led to a robust increase in p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Ser(424) and/or Thr(421), which persisted 1 and 2 h after exercise. BCAA ingestion further enhanced p70(S6k) phosphorylation 3.5-fold during recovery. p70(S6k) phosphorylation at Thr(389) was unaltered directly after resistance exercise. However, during recovery, Thr(389) phosphorylation was profoundly increased, but only during the BCAA trial. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 was also increased in the recovery period only during the BCAA trial. Exercise led to a marked increase in ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which was completely suppressed upon recovery and unaltered by BCAA. In conclusion, BCAA, ingested during and after resistance exercise, mediate signal transduction through p70(S6k) in skeletal muscle.
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| 2. |
- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskap ur koncernchefsperspektiv
- 1998
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många tecken tyder på att vi är mitt inne i ett paradigmskifte, där ett nytt sätt att bedriva verksamhet påverkar såväl tillverkande industri som privat och offentlig serviceverksamhet. Detta nya sätt att bedriva verksamhet karakteriseras av att samtliga människor inom en organisation engageras i att använda alla sina resurser, inklusive sin inneboende kreativitet, till att på bästa sätt tillgodose eller överträffa kunders förväntningar. Denna förändring ställer i sin tur nya krav på ledarstil, förankring av visioner och mål, motivationssystem, kontinuerligt lärande och processynsätt. Toppledarens betydelse för större förändringar i inriktning och grundläggande värderingar, dvs. ett paradigmskifte, har påpekats av många forskare och i litteraturen förekommer flera exempel på betydelsen av toppledares involvering och engagemang i större förändringsprocesser, både från Sverige och i internationella företag. Boken baseras på intervjuer med tolv koncernchefer vid några av Sveriges största företag: Astra, Electrolux, Posten, SAS, S-E Banken, SJ, Skandia, SKF, Stora, Telia, Tetra-Laval och Vattenfall. Boken presenterar och analyserar koncernchefernas samlade syn på ledarskap och krav på ledaregenskaper, idag och i framtiden. Boken innehåller även en jämförelse med andra ledares uppfattning om ledarskap. På frågor om morgondagens ledarskap; om vad koncerncheferna anser kommer att krävas av storföretagsledare i framtiden och om finns det behov av att förändra och utveckla dagens ledarskap kan svaren sammanfattas i fyra behov: Integritet, förmåga att få med sig sina medarbetare, mångkulturell kompetens samt förmåga att hantera ny teknologi och nya organisationsformer. Dessutom betonade några chefer vikten av att inse att framtidens krav är dagens verklighet, dvs. att framtiden redan är här.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Ökad fysisk aktivitet viktigt för att bromsa sjukfrånvaron
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter, DN.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Försäkringskassans rapport (DN Debatt 27/11 2015) visar att sjukfrånvaron fortsätter att öka och lovar att kraftsamla i sjukförsäkringshandläggningen. Men, precis som Försäkringskassan skriver, kommer det inte att räcka för att nå regeringens mål. Regeringens åtgärdsprograms program i sju punkter för att minska sjukfrånvaron saknar en viktig komponent. Det måste kompletteras med fysisk aktivitet som ett åttonde område för att trenden ska kunna brytas, skriver 13 debattörer.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Daniel, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Supply Voltage Drop Study Considering On-Chip Self Inductance of a 32-bit Processor's Power Grid
- 2009
-
Ingår i: 2009 IEEE Workshop on Signal Propagation on Interconnects, SPI '09; Strasbourg; France; 12 May 2009 through 15 May 2009. - 9781424444892
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional IR drop analysis suggests that on-chip inductive effects can be neglected when estimating supply voltage drops. We present a supply voltage drop analysis for a commercial 32-bit application processor. Our power grid model uses a backbone RL extracted netlist of the processor's power grid, complemented with capacitances from the processor design and a current signature defined by the worst-case switching test vector, located in the power-up sequence of the processor. Our circuit simulations show that on-chip self inductance makes the actual supply voltage drop deviate by more than 55% and 25% from the ∼6% and ∼8% drop, respectively, of nominal supply voltage that a conventional IR power grid model yields.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal and hip flexor muscle activation during various training exercises.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-5548 .- 1432-1025 .- 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 75:2, s. 115-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether 38 different static and dynamic training exercises trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 161:3, s. 361-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate the activation pattern of five major hip flexor muscles and its adaptation to changing speed and mode of progression. A total of 11 healthy subjects performed walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill at speeds ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 m s-1. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes were used to record myoelectric signals from the iliacus, psoas, sartorius, rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae muscles. The basic pattern, with respect to number of activation periods, remained the same irrespective of speed and mode of progression. However, differences in the relative duration and timing of onset of activation occurred between individual muscles. Over the speed range in walking, a progressively earlier onset was generally seen for the activation period related to hip flexion. Changes in EMG amplitude were measured in the iliacus and psoas muscles and showed a marked increase and difference between walking and running at speeds above 2.0 m s-1. Thus, the alternating flexion-extension movements at the hip during locomotion appear to be governed by a rather fixed 'neural program' which normally only needs minor modulations to accomplish the adjustments accompanying an increase in speed of progression as well as a change from walking to running.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Eva A, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Maximal Aerobic Power versus Performance in Two Aerobic Endurance Tests among Young and Old Adults
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; :Aug, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Aerobic fitness is of great value for reducing risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the performance in and correlations between a new test (five-minute pyramid test, 5MPT), the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) among old and young adults. Methods: Forty-four habitually active adults (females and males), 23 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years) participated. In the 5MPT, the participants moved back and forth along a short walkway (5.5 m) over boxes (height: 'old people' 0.42 m, 'young people' 0.62 m) arranged like an elongated step pyramid for 5 min. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT(power)) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body weight, gravity and highest box level divided by time. A 6MWT and a maximal cycle ergometer test for direct measurements of VO(2max) were also performed. In all tests heart rate, with on-line electrocardiography, and perceived exertion were recorded. Results: There was a strong correlation between the 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) for the entire group studied (r = 0.98), and each of the four subgroups old and young females and males separately (r = 0.78-0.98). Contrary to several earlier studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data showed that 6MWT cannot be used to predict VO(2max) among old females and young adults. The correlation with VO(2max) was weaker for the 6MWT than for the 5MPT(power). The relative performance values for the old compared to the young (ratio old/young × 100) were considerably lower in 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) (47-55%) than in distance and 'work' in the 6MWT (82-86%). Conclusions: The results, with age and gender variations, can be valuable information in health-fitness contexts, since measuring physical aerobic capacity is very significant in connection with risk evaluations of mortality and various diseases. The 5MPT is a rapid, functional, easy and inexpensive tool for predicting assessed maximal aerobic power.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Eva A., et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity for persons with obesity—a health project reported
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Forum on Public Policy Online. - : Oxford Round Table. - 1938-9809. ; 4:Spring
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In public health contexts, increased physical activity habits and fitness (aerobic and strength capacities) are positively related for promoting health and preventing and treating common diseases/problems, including obesity and overweight. A strongly graded inverse association between physical activity and obesity has been shown both for adults and children. However, a lower mortality risk has been shown for those with greater weight but good aerobic capacity than for those of recommended weight but less fit. On the basis of a health project with physical activity for persons with or without obesity, the paper discusses evidence-based methods for promoting physical activity. General guidelines for the amount of physical activity for persons are described, as are the numerous physiological and medical advantages of physical activity. The economic benefits are also illustrated. The paper exemplifies methods of measuring physical activity habits and physical fitness. These two factors must be observed when showing improvements in public-health contexts, including groups with obesity.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Eva A., et al.
(författare)
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Äldre blir starkare av Hälsoprojektet
- 2013
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - Stockholm : Centrum för idtrottsforskning (CIF). - 1103-4629. ; 22:1, s. 25-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En god kondition och styrka har samband med förbättrad hälsa, minskad förekomst av flera folksjukdomar samt ökad livslängd. Fysiologiska tester kan vara stimulerande för äldre att följa utvecklingen av sin fysiska kapacitet och för olika aktörer som vill göra hälsoutvärderingar.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Can a six-minute shuttle walk test predict maximal oxygen uptake?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gazzetta Medica Italiana. - Torino : Minerva Medica. - 0393-3660 .- 1827-1812. ; 170:3, s. 163-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This study evaluates the results of and correlations between the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test among physically active young adults. Methods. Sixty-three adults (33 females and 30 males) aged 18-38 years participated. 6MWT and a maximal running treadmill test for measurements of VO2max were performed. 6MWT reliability was also evaluated. Results. Mean distance in the 6MWT for the females was 848 (685-976) m and for the males 866 (704-1077) m. The gender differences were considerably less for the 6MWT (2%) than in the VO2max test, both normalized to body weight (21%) and in absolute form (35%). The mean values, for the female and male subjects in the VO2max were 46.7 and 58.9 ml/kg/min and 2.94 and 4.53 l/min, respectively. The data showed a very low, not significant, correlation (r=-0.02-0.32) between walking distance in the 6MWT and VO2max. Conclusions: The 6MWT-distance for this physically active young adult group, which previously not has been studied, was considerably higher than in earlier reports for various other groups. In contrast to several prior studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data, on healthy active adults, showed that distance in the 6MWT cannot predict maximal oxygen uptake. The present results may be related to the low potential of walking as a locomotor form to tax the cardio-respiratory system sufficiently for this group. Since aerobic capacity is correlated with increased survival, these new data and given comparisons with previous reports are specially valuable when evaluating fitness in various sports and health contexts.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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EMG activities of the quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles during flexion-relaxation and other motor tasks.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1271 .- 0268-0033. ; 11:7, s. 392-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide new information on the myoelectrical activation of the quadratus lumborum, the deep lateral and the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae, the psoas, and the iliacus muscles in various motor tasks. DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed. BACKGROUND: The contribution of individual deep trunk muscles to the stability of the lumbar spine is relatively unknown in different tasks, including the flexion-relaxation phenomenon. METHODS: Seven healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted with a needle guided by ultrasound. RESULTS: The highest activity observed for quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae occurred in ipsilateral trunk flexion in a side-lying position and for superficial medial erector spinae during bilateral leg lift in a prone position. Quadratus lumborum and deep lateral erector spinae were activated when the flexion-relaxation phenomenon was present for superficial medial erector spinae, i.e. when its activity ceased in the latter part of full forward flexion of the trunk, held relaxed and kyphotic. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the activation of the investigated muscles showed a high degree of task specificity, where activation of a certain muscle was not always predictable from its anatomical arrangement and mechanical advantage.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Physical Capacity in a Project with Guided Physical Activity for Persons with Depression or Anxiety.
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Higher physical capacity is correlated with increased health. Knowledge in this area regarding psychiatric diseases is sparse. Purpose: The aim was to study aerobic and several strength capacities in a physical activity project for persons with depression or anxiety. Methods: Eighty-four persons (56 women and 28 men) with depression or anxiety were recruited from psychiatric out-patient clinics in Stockholm. Their mean age and BMI was 46 (21-80) years and 26 (17-41) kg/m2, respectively. 50% were sick-listed. 50% had BMI>25. Aerobic and strength tests were chosen by each subgroup´s project leaders. Directed physical activity was given, in groups 10-15, 1 hour twice/week during 8-12 weeks. Results: Significant changes (p<0.05, of all n=84) between pre- and post tests were seen in submaximal cycle test (11% enhanced values, n=56) and distance of 6 minutes walk test (16%, n=15) as well as in strength tests for the back for the back (i.e. time in static horizontal belly-back, 40%, n=44), abdominal and hip flexors (i.e. number of hip flexion sit-ups, 45%, n=38), leg (i.e. standing with 90O in hips and knees, 48%, n=56) and arm with shoulder muscles (i.e. number of raising weights alternately with the arms, 46%, n=32). Hand grip tests, BMI or blood pressure values did not change significantly. Conclusions: Directed 8-12 weeks physical activity programs can improve physical fitness in individuals with depression or anxiety.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Helena M., et al.
(författare)
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Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female soccer : effects of active recovery
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 40:2, s. 372-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the time course of recovery from neuromuscular fatigue and some biochemical changes between two female soccer matches separated by an active or passive recovery regime. METHODS: Countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint performance, maximal isokinetic knee flexion and extension, creatine kinase (CK), urea, uric acid, and perceived muscle soreness were measured in 17 elite female soccer players before, immediately after, 5, 21, 45, 51, and 69 h after a first match, and immediately after a second match. Eight players performed active recovery (submaximal cycling at 60% of HRpeak and low-intensity resistance training at < 50% 1RM) 22 and 46 h after the first match. RESULTS: In response to the first match, a significant decrease in sprint performance (-3.0 +/- 0.5%), CMJ (-4.4 +/- 0.8%), peak torque in knee extension (-7.1 +/- 1.9%) and flexion (-9.4 +/- 1.8%), and an increase in CK (+ 152 +/- 28%), urea (15 +/- 2), uric acid (+ 11 +/- 2%), and muscle soreness occurred. Sprint ability was first to return to baseline (5 h) followed by urea and uric acid (21 h), isokinetic knee extension (27 h) and flexion (51 h), CK, and muscle soreness (69 h), whereas CMJ was still reduced at the beginning of the second match. There were no significant differences in the recovery pattern between the active and passive recovery groups. The magnitude of the neuromuscular and biochemical changes after the second match was similar to that observed after the first match. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals differences in the recovery pattern of the various neuromuscular and biochemical parameters in response to a female soccer match. The active recovery had no effects on the recovery pattern of the four neuromuscular and three biochemical parameters.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Träningslära för rullstolsåkning
- 2007
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Spridd över hela världen finns det mycket kunskap om rullstolsträning, men det har inte tidigare funnits samlat någonstans. Samtidigt finns behov av ytterligare forskning inom området. Flera års litteraturstudier, erfarenhets – och datainsamling samt forskningsstudier har resulterat i denna bok. En stor del av utrymmet i boken ägnas åt styrketräning då detta är viktigt ur ett idrotts- rehabiliterings- och folkhälsoperspektiv. Detta gäller för såväl rullstolsidrottare som andra rullstolsbrukare. Författarkvartetten som skrivit boken är sammantaget etablerade inom såväl den paralympiska som den olympiska idrotten och också i forskarvärlden.
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| 15. |
- Askling, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A new hamstring test to complement the common clinical examination before return to sport after injury
- 2010
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Ingår i: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer-Verlag. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 18:12, s. 1788-1803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim was to introduce and evaluate the reliability and validity of an active hamstring flexibility test as a complement to common clinical examination when determining safe return to sport after hamstring injury. METHODS: Eleven healthy subjects (28 years) were tested on repeated occasions, and 11 athletes (21 years) with MRI-verified acute hamstring strain were tested when common clinical examination revealed no signs of remaining injury, i.e. there was no differences between the legs in palpation pain, manual strength tests, and passive straight leg raise. Flexibility, i.e. highest range of motion of three consecutive trials, was calculated from electrogoniometer data during active ballistic hip flexions and conventional passive slow hip-flexions in a supine position. A VAS-scale (0-100) was used to estimate experience of insecurity during active tests. RESULTS: No significant test-retest differences were observed. Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged 0.94-0.99 and coefficients of variation 1.52-4.53%. Active flexibility was greater (23%) than passive flexibility. In the athletes, the injured leg showed smaller (8%) active, but not passive, flexibility than the uninjured leg. Average insecurity estimation was 52 (range 28-98) for the injured and 0 for the uninjured leg, respectively. CONCLUSION: The new test showed high reliability and construct validity; furthermore, it seems to be sensitive enough to detect differences both in active flexibility and in insecurity after acute hamstring strains at a point in time when the commonly used clinical examination fails to reveal injury signs. Thus, the test could be a complement to the common clinical examination before the final decision to return to sport is made.
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| 16. |
- Bergman, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Atlantic salmon and brown trout in Lake Vänern : A proposal for a co-management system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1463-4988 .- 1539-4077. ; 17:4, s. 365-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-management is of increasing interest for fisheries management. We explore possibilities for, and barriers to, developing a co-management system, using threatened populations of landlocked Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout as examples. Good management of natural resources requires not only knowledge about the resource but also suitable tools to collect information and make decisions. In large ecosystems this can be difficult because many actors are involved, and various societal borders and traditions become barriers. Vänern is the largest lake in the EU and it holds several distinct populations of large-bodied landlocked Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout. The lake is used for commercial, subsistence, and sport fishing as well as for other recreational activities, and in Klarälven, the largest river entering Vänern, sport fishing is popular. These salmonid populations were at critically low levels during the 1960s, but a stocking program since then has maintained the fishery, and at least one wild stock appears to be recovering since being protected in 1993. Ecosystem users all have different needs: in the lake, sport fishermen say that catches of hatchery fish have declined, and commercial fishermen have focused on other species. In the river, wild salmon may be recovering: sport fishing is popular and an ongoing project investigates the possibilities for salmon to be able to circumvent hydro-electrical plants and reach historical Norwegian spawning areas. Not only do we lack information about the salmonids’ different life stages, we also lack a suitable socio-political organization to find sustainable solutions to the different needs of diverse user groups. We argue that a co-management system that enfranchises user groups in the Vänern-Klarälven ecosystem will improve sustainable management of wild and hatchery fish.
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| 17. |
- Bjerkefors, Anna, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Seated Double-Poling Ergometer Performance of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury - A New Ergometer Concept for Standardized Upper Body Exercise
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 34:2, s. 176-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to evaluate biomechanics during seated double-poling exercises in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to compare these with those of able-bodied persons (AB). 26 participants volunteered for the study; 13 with SCI (injury levels C7-T12), and 13 AB. A seated double-poling ergometer (SDPE) was developed. 3-dimensional kinematics was measured and piezoelectric force sensors were used to register force in both poles for calculation of power during incremental intensities. Significantly lower power outputs, (143.2 ± 51.1 vs. 198.3 ± 74.9 W) and pole forces (137.1 ± 43.1 vs. 238.2 ± 81.2 N) were observed during maximal effort in SCI compared to AB. Sagittal upper trunk range of motion increased with intensity and ranged from 6.1–34.8 ° for SCI, and 6.9–31.3 ° for AB, with larger peak amplitudes in flexion for AB (31.4 ± 12.9 °) compared to SCI (10.0 ± 8.0 °). All subjects with SCI were able to exercise on the SDPE. Upper body kinematics, power and force outputs increased with intensity in both groups, but were in general, lower in SCI. In conclusion, the SDPE could be successfully used at low to high work intensities enabling both endurance and strength training for individuals with SCI
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| 18. |
- Brun Sundblad, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Orka hela vägen : Upplevd hälsa, idrotts- och träningsbakgrund bland studenter på en fysiskt inriktad yrkesutbildning. Lärarstudenter GIH 2008 delrapport 1: 2009
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanfattning Ett sammanfattande porträtt av den nyantagna lärarstudenten vid GIH med utgångspunkt från enkätsvaren ger vid handen en bild av en person, som är ca 21 år gammal, född i Sverige och uppvuxen i en medelstor stad i Mellansverige. Studenten trivdes mycket bra i skolan och var som elev något över medel med MVG i idrott och hälsa. Valet av yrkesutbildning grundade sig på ett stort intresse för idrott, samt en önskan att få jobba med barn och ungdom. Studievalet hade för många påverkats av en tidigare idrotts-lärare, kompisar och familj. En bra lärare i idrott och hälsa är enligt studenten positiv, engagerad, rättvis, bestämd och kunnig. Lärarstudenten ser sig behärska bollspel väl. Störst kunskap och färdighet uppges i fot-boll och alpin skidåkning. Minst kunskap och färdighet skattades i softboll, baseboll, bergsklättring, långfärdsskridskoåkning och i konsten att kunna valla skidor. Många ser sig ha god kunskap om sambandet mellan hälsa, livsstil och miljö, men mindre god om hur en idrottsaktivitet har betydelse för kulturarvet, samband mellan miljö och männi-skans hälsa i ett historiskt och nutidsperspektiv samt i ergonomi. På sin fritid går lärarstudenten ofta på idrottsevenemang, café, tittar på TV och video eller umgås med vänner och familj. Lärarstudenten går sällan på bio och nästan aldrig på tea-ter, museum eller vernissager. "Vad är vernissage?" undrar en student. Hälsan, både fysiskt och psykiskt, skattas som tillfredsställande och man känner ofta hopp, glädje och meningsfullhet. Emellertid finner man sig även ofta stressad på grund av tidsbrist och alla krav. Många kvinnliga studenter (41%) rapporterade ryggont och många, både kvinnor och män, beskrev att de har besvär från en skadad fotled eller knä. De flesta lärarstudenterna är regelbundet fysiskt aktiva och de finner att mängden motion delvis är tillfredsställande. Förväntningarna är höga på utbildningen både att den är mångsidig och kommer att ge ökad kunskap inom olika områden. Under studietiden förväntar man sig att utvecklas och förbättra sin egen fysiska status och hälsa. En student uttrycker det med orden: "Mitt nya liv startar idag". Den sammanfattande bilden av lärarstudenten på GIH liknar den som tidigare har redovisats av Meckbach och Wedman i en liknande studie från maj 2005. Deras studie genomfördes på studenter efter ett års studier på GIH (Meckbach & Wed-man, 2007).
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| 19. |
- Bustad, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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C1s and O1s gas phase shake-up spectra from Mo(CO)6
- 1994
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0104 .- 1873-4421. ; 179:3, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental high-resolution core photoelectron C1s and O1s shake-up spectra of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, Mo(CO)(6), are reported and compared with results of semiempirical INDO/CI calculations. Several hitherto unobserved peaks are identified and assigned. It is found that an intra- and inter-group classification can be used to describe the transitions. The transitions of lowest energy have Mo-CO inter-group character. Dynamical effects on the line widths of the experimental shake-up peaks are discussed. A discussion of the relevance of experimental results obtained for the Mo(CO)(6)e for CO adsorption on metal surfaces is presented.
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| 20. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean
- 2013
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Ingår i: Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionPower output is a critical component of athletic performance (McGuigan et al., 2012); therefore, strength and conditioning specialists are nowadays employed to help athletes increase the power-generating capacity in specific motor tasks. Due to the widespread need to assess power output in common strength training exercises, the development and validation of various assessment approaches has led to studies aimed at identifying the external optimal load (OL) to maximize power output (Cormie et al., 2007). The aim of this study was to compare conventionally used linear position transducer and force plate based methods with a new methodology for calculation of peak power (PP) and average power (AP) output in conjunction with the load-power relationship.MethodsNineteen male elite athletes performed loaded squat jump (LSJ) and power clean (PC) with different external loads to determine the load/power relationship. Nine methods were used simultaneously in data collection: vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ground reaction force (GRF) i.e. vertical, anterio-posterior and medio-lateral reaction force components, 1 linear encoder (1Encoder), 1 linear position transducer (1LPT), 1LPT and VGRF (1LPT+VGRF), 2 linear position transducers (2LPTs), 2LPTs and VGRF (2LPTs+VGRF), 5 linear position transducers (5LPTs), 5LPTs and GRF (5LPTs+GRF; novel method). Power output was calculated for each lift according to the sensor or sensors simultaneously used and the results were compared.ResultsPower output calculated separately with LPTs and GRF method differed significantly from combined methods such as 1LPT+VGRF, 2LPTs+VGRF, and 5LPTs+GRF (novel method). The optimal load in LSJ and PC with respect to PP output was identified at loads between 30 and 50% of their body mass (bm), respectively; and with respect to AP output equal to loads between 85 and 75% of bm, respectively.DiscussionThis study indicates that test methodology influences the results of the power output and the load–power relationship in LSJ and PC exercises. The results of this study suggest the possibility that the combined methods provide a better representation of muscle power generation during dynamic movements involving the non-linear trajectories of the barbell than kinematic or kinetic methods alone.ReferencesCormie, P., McBride, J. M., & McCaulley, G. O. (2007). J Appl Biomech, 23(2), 103-118. McGuigan. (2012). Strength and Power Assessment Protocols. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes (2nd ed., pp. 207-230). Stanningley Leeds, United Kingdom: Human Kinetics.
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| 21. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between single and combined data collection methods in loaded squat jump power output
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gazzetta Medica Italiana. - 0393-3660 .- 1827-1812. ; 176:6, s. 315-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare linear position transducer force plate-based methods and more complex combinations of those for calculation of power output in loaded squat jump.METHODS: Eight methods were used simultaneously in data collection: vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ground reaction forces (GRF), 1 linear position transducer (1LPT), 1LPT and VGRF (1LPT+VGRF), 2 linear position transducers (2LPTs), 2LPTs and VGRF (2LPTs+VGRF), 5 linear position transducers (5LPTs), 5LPTs and GRF (5LPTs+GRF). Power output was calculated for each lift according to the sensor or sensors used and the results were compared.RESULTS: Power output calculated separately with LPTs and GRF method did not differ significantly from combined methods such as 1LPT+VGRF, 2LPTs+VGRF. No significant differences were found when comparing power output between 5LPTs+GRF and combined methods such as 2LPTs+VGRF.CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that test methodology with a simple single linear position transducer setup and or force platform suffice when recording vertical jump such as loaded squat jump.
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| 22. |
- Carlson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Lumbar back muscle activity during locomotion : effects of voluntary modifications of normal trunk movements.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 133:3, s. 343-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms of adaptation of the trunk to changed mechanical conditions were studied during locomotion in man. The myoelectrical (EMG) activity in lumbar back muscles and the movements of the trunk were recorded in nine healthy subjects during walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill. Two different types of voluntary modifications of the movement pattern were used: (1) The trunk was kept in an extreme forward or backward tilted position. In both these situations the basic EMG pattern with two periods of activity per stride cycle was maintained during walking, whereas a major shift relative to the stride cycle (25% of the stride cycle duration) occurred in running with the trunk tilted backwards. The synchrony of the back muscle activation at both sides increased when locomotion was performed with the trunk tilted forwards. The relative duration of the EMG bursts was similar to normal locomotion and corresponded to 15-26% of the stride cycle duration in walking and 23-37% in running. (2) In the other type of modification the subjects were instructed to exaggerate the angular trunk movements either in the sagittal or in the frontal plane. The basic EMG pattern and phase relationships remained in most cases unchanged. One exception was running with exaggerated lateral movements, in which only one period of back muscle activity per stride cycle was observed. The relative duration of the bursts was longer in trials with exaggerated trunk movements as compared to normal locomotion. In walking and running with the trunk tilted forwards or backwards the lumbar back muscles were not always involved as prime movers of the trunk. This was in contrast to the more dynamic situations, in which the back muscle activity appeared to be directly involved in braking and reversing the exaggerated trunk movements.
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| 23. |
- Carlsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Low risk HLA-DQ and increased body mass index in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 36:5, s. 718-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Type 1 diabetes and obesity has increased in childhood. We therefore tested the hypothesis that type 1 diabetes human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) risk genotypes may be associated with increased body mass index (BMI). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDesign: The type 1 diabetes high-risk HLA-DQ A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*03:01-B1*03:02 genotype along with lower risk DQ genotypes were determined at the time of clinical onset by PCR and hybridization with allele-specific probes. BMI was determined after diabetes was stabilized. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanSubjects: A total of 2403 incident type 1 diabetes children below 18 years of age were ascertained in the Swedish national Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) study between May 2005 to September 2009. All children classified with type 1 diabetes, including positivity for at least one islet autoantibody, were investigated. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Overall, type 1 diabetes HLA-DQ risk was negatively associated with BMI (Pandlt;0.0008). The proportion of the highest risk A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*03:01-B1*03:02 genotype decreased with increasing BMI (Pandlt;0.0004). However, lower risk type 1 diabetes DQ genotypes were associated with an increased proportion of patients who were overweight or obese (Pandlt;0.0001). Indeed, the proportion of patients with the low-risk A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*05:01-B1*02:01 genotype increased with increasing BMI (Pandlt;0.003). The magnitude of association on the multiplicative scale between the A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*05:01-B1*02:01 genotype and increased BMI was significant (Pandlt;0.006). The odds ratio in patients with this genotype of being obese was 1.80 (95% confidence interval 1.21-2.61; Pandlt;0.006). The increased proportion of overweight type 1 diabetes children with the A1*05:01-B1*02:01 haplotype was most pronounced in children diagnosed between 5 and 9 years of age. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: Susceptibility for childhood type 1 diabetes was unexpectedly found to be associated with the A1*05:01-B1*02:01/A1*05:01-B1*02:01 genotype and an increased BMI. These results support the hypothesis that overweight may contribute to the risk of type 1 diabetes in children positive for HLA-DQ A1*05:01-B1*02:01.
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| 24. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The acute effects of a short technique-intense training period on side-foot kick performance among elite female soccer players
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - 0022-4707 .- 1827-1928. ; 59:9, s. 1442-1449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previously, it was shown that elite soccer teams were 24% more likely to win matches if their passing effectiveness were increased by 1%. However, research interventions aiming to improve passing performance are scarce. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of a short technique-intense training period on side-foot kick performance among elite female soccer players.METHODS: Four side-foot kick tests were completed before and after a training period: kicking a stationary ball using match-relevant (SBRS) and maximal ball speed (SBMS), passing the ball on the move using match-relevant ball speed (RBRS), and repeated side-foot kicks onto a rebound-box with continuously increasing passing distance (RRB). The players were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The training intervention consisted of six 55-min training sessions with five side-foot kick exercises. Within-group and between-group differences were investigated using paired-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively.RESULTS: The intervention group improved the performance in the RBRS and RRB tests (both P < 0.05), but no differences were found for the SBRS and SBMS tests (both P > 0.05). No improvements were found for the control group independent of test condition (all P > 0.05). Significant between-group differences were found for the RBRS and RRB tests (both P < 0.05), whereas no differences were found for the SBRS and SBMS tests (both P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The fundamental soccer skill of passing a moving ball was improved in elite female soccer players by a short technique-intense training period.
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| 25. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of ball temperature on ball speed and carry distance in golf drives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P. - London, UK : Sage Publications. - 1754-3371. ; 233:2, s. 186-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ball temperature on impact ball speed and carry distance during golf drives in a blind randomized test design. The balls were exposed to a temperature-controlled environment (4 °C, 18 °C, 32 °C, and 46 °C) for 24 h prior to the test and each temperature group consisted of 30 balls. The 120 drives were performed by an elite male golfer (handicap: 0.0) in an indoor driving range. All drives were measured by a Doppler-radar system to determine the club-head speed, launch angle, spin rate, ball speed, and carry distance. Differences between the groups were investigated using a one-way analysis of variance. The results indicated that ball-speed and carry-distance differences occurred within the four groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The post hoc analyses showed that the ball temperatures of 18 °C and 32 °C had greater ball speeds and carry distances than balls at 4 °C and 46 °C (all p < 0.05). The intervals for the between-group differences were 0.6–0.7 m s –1 and 2.9–3.9 m for ball speed and carry distance, respectively. Hence, the results showed that ball temperature influences both the ball speed and the carry distance. Based on the findings in this study, standardization of ball temperature should be factored into governing body regulation tests for golf equipment. © IMechE 2018.
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