| 1. |
- Nordström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Low bone mineral density is an independent risk factor for stroke and death
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 29:2, s. 130-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We found that decreased BMD as well as osteoporosis of the femoral neck are independently associated with stroke and death. Given the impact of osteoporosis and stroke on morbidity and mortality, this relationship is of high interest for further studies.
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| 2. |
- Ahlqvist, Margary, et al.
(författare)
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A new reliable tool (PVC assess) for assessment of peripheral venous catheters
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:6, s. 1108-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale and aims To evaluate the extensive use of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs), including catheter-related complications, a reliable tool for PVC assessment is needed. The aim of this study was to develop such a tool to evaluate PVCs in relation to management, documentation and signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis (TH), as well as to determine its inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Method The tool development included confirmation of content and face validity. Two groups of registered nurses used the new tool (PVC assess) to assess PVC management and signs of TH independently. Group A (n = 3) assessed 26 items in 67 PVCs bedside (inter-rater reliability). Group B (n = 3) assessed photographs (67 PVCs, 21 items) of the same PVCs as those in Group A with a 4-week interval (test-retest reliability). Proportion of agreement P(A) and Cohen's kappa were calculated to evaluate inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Results Among nurses assessing PVCs at bedside, the P(A) was good to excellent (0.80-1) in 96% of the items in PVC assess. In 80% of the items kappa was substantial to almost perfect (0.61-1). TH sign erythema fell into the fair range (kappa = 0.40). In test-retest reliability analysis the P(A) was within the good and excellent range (0.80-1.0) and kappa varied from moderate to almost perfect (0.41-1.0) in 95% of the items. One item 'outer dressing is clean' was in fair range (0.21-0.40). Conclusions The PVC assess instrument shows satisfactory inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Reliability tests on reviewing documentation remain to be performed.
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| 3. |
- Ahlqvist, Margary, et al.
(författare)
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Satisfactory reliability among nursing students using the instrument PVC ASSESS to evaluate management of peripheral venous catheters
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Access. - : SAGE Publications. - 1129-7298 .- 1724-6032. ; 15:2, s. 128-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Nursing students should be given opportunities to participate in clinical audits during their education. However, audit tools are seldom tested for reliability among nursing students. The aim of this study was to present reliability among nursing students using the instrument PVC assess to assess management of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) and PVC-related signs of thrombophlebitis. Methods: PVC assess was used to assess 67 inserted PVCs in 60 patients at ten wards at a university hospital. One group of nursing students (n= 4) assessed PVCs at the bedside (inter-rater reliability) and photographs of these PVCs were taken. Another group of students (n= 3) assessed the PVCs in the photographs after 4 weeks (test-retest reliability). To determine reliability, proportion of agreement [P(A)] and Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) were calculated. Results: For bedside assessment of PVCs, P(A) ranged from good to excellent (0.80-1.0) in 55% of the 26 PVC assess items that were tested. P(A) was poor (< 0.70) for two items: "adherence of inner dressing to the skin" and " PVC location." In 81% of the items, k was between moderate and almost perfect: moderate (n= 5), substantial (n= 3), almost perfect (n= 5). For edema at insertion site and two items on PVC dressing, k was fair (0.21-0.40). Regarding test-retest reliability, P(A) varied between good and excellent (0.81-1) in 85%-95% of the items, and the k ranged between moderate and almost perfect (0.41-1) in 90%-95%. Conclusions: PVC assess demonstrated satisfactory reliability among nursing students. However, students need training in how to use the instrument before assessing PVCs.
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| 4. |
- Almevall, Ariel, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health in old age, related factors and survival: A 20-Year longitudinal study within the Silver-MONICA cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Self-rated health (SRH) offers insights into the evolving health demographics of an ageing population.Aim: To assess change in SRH from old age to very old age and their associations with health and well-being factors, and to investigate the association between SRH and survival.Methods: All participants in the MONICA 1999 re-examination born before 1940 (n = 1595) were included in the Silver-MONICA baseline cohort. The Silver-MONICA follow-up started in 2016 included participants in the Silver-MONICA baseline cohort aged 80 years or older. Data on SRH was available for 1561 participants at baseline with 446 of them also participating in the follow-up. The follow-up examination included a wide variety of measurements and tests.Findings: Most participants rated their health as "Quite good" (54.5 %) at baseline. Over the study period, 42.6 % had stable SRH, 40.6 % had declined, and 16.8 % had improved. Changes in SRH were at follow-up significantly associated with age, pain, nutrition, cognition, walking aid use, self-paced gait speed, lower extremity strength, independence in activities of daily living, weekly physical exercise, outdoor activity, participation in organized activities, visiting others, morale, and depressive symptoms. SRH at baseline was significantly associated with survival (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrates associations between changes in SRH and a multitude of health- and wellbeing-related factors, as well as a relation between survival and SRH, accentuating their relevance within the ageing population.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bailey, Leslie, et al.
(författare)
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Small molecule inhibitors of type III secretion in Yersinia block the Chlamydia pneumoniae infection cycle
- 2007
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 581:4, s. 587-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intracellular parasitism by Chlamydiales is a complex process involving transmission of metabolically inactive particles that differentiate, replicate, and re-differentiate within the host cell. A type three secretion system (T3SS) has been implicated in this process. We have here identified small molecules of a chemical class of acylated hydrazones of salicylaldehydes that specifically blocks the T3SS of Chlamydia. These compounds also affect the developmental cycle showing that the T3SS has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Chlamydia. Our results suggest a previously unexplored avenue for development of novel anti-chlamydial drugs.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Beers, Timothy C., et al.
(författare)
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Broadband UBVRCIC photometry of horizontal-branch and metal-poor candidates from the HK and Hamburg/ESO surveys. I.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 168:1, s. 128-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report broadband UBV and/or BVRCIC CCD photometry for a total of 1857 stars in the thick-disk and halo populations of the Galaxy. The majority of our targets were selected as candidate field horizontal-branch or other A-type stars (FHB/ A, N = 576), or candidate low-metallicity stars (N = 1221), from the HK and Hamburg/ESO objective-prism surveys. Similar data for a small number of additional stars from other samples are also reported. These data are being used for several purposes. In the case of the FHB/ A candidates they are used to accurately separate the lower gravity FHB stars from various higher gravity A-type stars, a subsample that includes the so-called blue metal poor stars, halo and thick-disk blue stragglers, main-sequence A-type dwarfs, and Am and Ap stars. These data are also being used to derive photometric distance estimates to high-velocity hydrogen clouds in the Galaxy and for improved measurements of the mass of the Galaxy. Photometric data for the metal-poor candidates are being used to refine estimates of stellar metallicity for objects with available medium-resolution spectroscopy, to obtain distance estimates for kinematic analyses, and to establish initial estimates of effective temperature for analysis of high-resolution spectroscopy of the stars for which this information now exists.
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| 9. |
- Berglin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction Design Methods in Fashion Design Teaching
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Nordic Textile Journal 2006-07, p. 26-51. - : University College of Borås. The Swedish School of Textiles.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The expressiveness of use is of focal interest in fashion design, which makes the perspective of act design important in learning/teaching. The objective of the project presented here was to introduce interaction design methods in fashion design teaching to make act design explicit throughout the different stages of the design process in a systematic manner; to develop a general workshop curriculum in experimental fashion design focusing on the expressiveness of wearing and use. A series of test workshops were implemented to provide a foundation for reflection and critical discussions. The main results, motivated by workshop evaluations, consist of theoretical models for a systematic development of workshop exercises in fashion design aesthetics.
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| 10. |
- Burman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Is malnutrition a risk factor for incident urinary tract infection among older people in residential care facilities?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Home Research. - : SERDI. - 2496-0799. ; 4, s. 49-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Malnutrition and urinary tract infections (UTI) are common among older people living in residential care facilities.Objectives: To determine whether malnutrition is a risk factor for incident urinary tract infection in people aged ≥65 years living in residential care facilities.Design, Setting, and Participants: A prospective cohort study of people living in residential care facilities in northern Sweden (N=373). Data from the Frail Older People-Activity and Nutrition and Umeå Dementia and Exercise studies were used.Measurements: Malnutrition was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Risk factors for UTI were explored using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Maximum follow-up time was 9 months.Results: The incidence of UTI was 460/1000 person-years; 85/276=30.8% of women and 16/97=16.5% of men contracted UTIs. History of UTI (hazard ratio [HR] 2.804, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.824–4.311), heart failure (HR 2.101, 95% CI 1.368–3.225), hypertension (HR 1.656, 95% CI 1.095–2.504), and low Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (HR 0.937, 95% CI 0.892–0.985) were associated independently with higher risk of incident UTI in multivariate analyses. Malnutrition was not associated with UTI in the whole sample or in women; MNA score was associated with UTI in men in univariate analysis (HR 0.841, 95% CI 0.750–0.944).Conclusion: The incidence of UTI was high in residential care facilities and individuals with histories of UTI, heart failure, hypertension, or cognitive impairment were more likely to be affected. Malnutrition was not a risk factor for UTI in the whole sample or in women, but may constitute a risk for UTI among men.
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| 11. |
- Burman, Maria, 1983-
(författare)
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Malnutrition and obesity among older adults, assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment and the body mass index, respectively : prevalence and associations with mortality and urinary tract infection
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition and obesity are health concerns among older (aged ≥ 65 years) adults, but the combination of them have not been studied thoroughly nor have they been thoroughly investigated in very old (aged ≥ 85 years) adults. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the prevalence, trends in prevalence and associations with mortality of malnutrition and obesity, assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the body mass index (BMI), respectively, and to examine the combined effects of these conditions on mortality. Malnutrition as a risk factor for urinary tract infection (UTI) was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studies reported on in papers I and II were conducted with data from the Umeå85+/Gerontological Regional Database study, a population-based study of cohorts of very old adults. Data from all four Swedish cohorts (2000–2002, 2005–2007, 2010–2012 and 2015–2017), and from the 2000–2002 and 2005–2007 Swedish cohorts and a 2005–2006 Finnish cohort, respectively, were used. In the paper I study, trends in the prevalence of malnutrition (by MNA score) and obesity (by BMI) were investigated across cohorts. In the paper II study, the associations of MNA scores and BMI with 5-year mortality were investigated. The study reported on in paper III was conducted with data from the Senior Alert national quality registry; associations of Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF) scores, BMI and 2-year mortality in older adults living in residential care facilities in Sweden were investigated. The study reported on in paper IV was conducted with data from the Frail Older People–Activity and Nutrition and Umeå Dementia and Exercise studies; risk factors for UTI among older adults in residential care facilities were investigated. RESULTS: In the paper I study, mean BMI increased between 2000–2002 and 2015–2017 and the prevalence of obesity were 13.4% and 18.3%, respectively; the prevalences of underweight were 7.6% and 3.0%, respectively. Mean MNA scores increased between 2000–2002 and 2010–2012 and were slightly lower in 2015–2017. The prevalence of malnutrition according to MNA scores in the four cohorts were 12.2%, 6.4%, 5.1% and 8.7%, respectively, and the prevalence of at risk thereof were 31.8%–37.2%. In the paper II study, 13.3% of participants were malnourished, and 40.3% at risk thereof according to MNA scores, and malnutrition was more common among women than men. Twenty-five percent of the population had BMIs ≥28.0 kg/m2. Of those with malnutrition according to MNA scores, 17.4% had BMIs ≥ 24.7 kg/m2; of those with good nutritional status according to MNA scores, 13.8% had BMIs < 22.2 kg/m2. Compared to malnutrition according to MNA, lesser mortality was found in individuals with good nutritional status. Compared to individuals with BMI <22.2 kg/m2, lesser mortality was found in those with BMI ≥28.0 kg/m2. In the paper III study, 14.6% of the population was malnourished, and 45.0% at risk of malnutrition according to MNA-SF scores and 16.0% were obese. Compared to individuals with good nutritional status, greater mortality was found in those with malnutrition according to MNA-SF. Mortality was greater among underweight than among normal-weight participants and lesser among participants with obesity, including severe obesity. Higher BMIs were also associated with reduced mortality in subgroups defined by MNA-SF scores. In the paper IV study, malnutrition according to MNA scores was not a risk factor for UTI in the whole sample or in women. In men, the MNA score was associated with UTI in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this thesis highlight the importance of nutritional screening in older adults in residential care facilities and in very old adults, since malnutrition risk was common and associated with greater mortality among these populations. Malnutrition according to MNA was not a clear risk factor for UTI in older adults living in residential care facilities. Time trends indicated an increasing prevalence of obesity whereas no change in nutritional status according to MNA was observed among very old adults, although these trends need further investigation. The results also confirmed that higher BMIs were beneficial for survival in these populations, and in the residential care population this seems to apply also for BMIs reflecting severe obesity. Finally, in the residential care population, regardless of nutritional status according to MNA-SF, higher BMIs were associated with better survival.
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| 12. |
- Burman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity may increase survival, regardless of nutritional status : a Swedish cohort study in nursing homes
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To investigate the associations between the body mass index (BMI), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) scores, and 2-year mortality.Methods: A nationwide cohort study using data from a national quality register of older (age ≥ 65 years) nursing home residents (N = 47,686). Individuals were categorized according to BMI as underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal-weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (class I, 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; class II, 35.0-39.9 kg/m2; class III, ≥ 40.0 kg/m2). Participants' nutritional status were categorized as good (MNA-SF score 12-14), at risk of malnutrition (MNA-SF score 8-11), or malnutrition (MNA-SF score 0-7). Associations with mortality were analysed using Cox proportional-hazards models.Results: At baseline, 16.0% had obesity, and 14.6% were malnourished. During 2 years of follow-up, 23,335 (48.9%) individuals died. Compared with normal-weight individuals, mortality was greater among underweight individuals [hazard ratio (HR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-1.69] and lesser among individuals with class I (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60-0.66), class II (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.56-0.68), and class III (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94) obesity. Compared with individuals with good nutritional status, mortality was increased for those with malnutrition (HR 2.98,95% CI 2.87-3.10). Lower mortality among obese individuals was also seen in subgroups defined according to MNA-SF scores.Conclusions: Among older nursing home residents, obesity, including severe obesity, was associated with lower 2-year mortality. Higher BMIs were associated with better survival, regardless of nutritional status according to MNA-SF.
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| 13. |
- Burman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of obesity and malnutrition in four cohorts of very old adults, 2000–2017
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - : Springer. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 26:7, s. 706-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Investigate trends in the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition among very old adults (age ≥ 85 years) between 2000 and 2017.Design, Setting, Participants, Measurements: A study with data from the Umeå 85+/Gerontological regional database population-based cohort study of very old adults in northern Sweden. Every 5 years from 2000–2002 to 2015–2017, comprehensive assessments of participants were performed during home visits (N=1602). Body mass index (BMI) classified participants as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2). Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores classified participants as malnourished (0 to <17), at risk of malnutrition (17–23.5), and having good nutritional status (24–30). Prevalence and trends were examined using analysis of variance and chi-squared tests, including subgroup analyses of nursing home residents.Results: Between 2000–2002 and 2015–2017, the mean BMI increased from 24.8± 4.7 to 26.0± 4.7 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity and underweight were 13.4% and 7.6%, respectively, in 2000–2002 and 18.3% and 3.0%, respectively, in 2015–2017. The mean MNA score increased between 2000–2002 and 2010–2012 (from 23.2± 4.7 to 24.2± 3.6), and had decreased (to 23.3± 4.2) by 2015–2017. The prevalence of malnutrition was 12.2%, 5.1%, and 8.7% in 2000–2002, 2010–2012, and 2015–2017, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed similar BMI and MNA score patterns among nursing home residents.Conclusions: Among very old adults, the mean BMI and prevalence of obesity seemed to increase between 2000–2002 and 2015–2017. Meanwhile, the nutritional status (according to MNA scores) seemed to improve between 2000–2002 and 2010–2012, it declined by 2015–2017.
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| 14. |
- Cayrel, R., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of [O/Fe] in BD +23 3130 from ESO VLT-UVES observations
- 2001
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Ingår i: New Astronomy Reviews. - 1872-9630. ; 45:8, s. 533-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a new determination of [O/Fe, the relative logarithmicabundance of O/Fe with respect to the Sun, for the very metal-poor starBD+23 3130 ([Fe/H=-2.6). The value was derived from the forbidden line[O I at 630 nm and from six weak Fe II lines, with a S/N ratiosubstantially larger than those obtained before, thanks to theefficiency of the VLT-UVES instrument at Paranal. We obtain[O/Fe=0.71+/-0.25, a value 0.36 dex higher than the value obtained fromthe same lines by Fulbright and Kraft [AJ 118 (1999) 527, but 0.46lower than the one derived by Israelian et al. [ApJ 507 (1998) 805 fromthe UV OH bands.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Cayrel, R., et al.
(författare)
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First stars V - Abundance patterns from C to Zn and supernova yields in the early Galaxy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 416:3, s. 1117-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the framework of the ESO Large Programme ``First Stars'', veryhigh-quality spectra of some 70 very metal-poor dwarfs and giants wereobtained with the ESO VLT and UVES spectrograph. These stars are likelyto have descended from the first generation(s) of stars formed after theBig Bang, and their detailed composition provides constraints on issuessuch as the nature of the first supernovae, the efficiency of mixingprocesses in the early Galaxy, the formation and evolution of the haloof the Galaxy, and the possible sources of reionization of the Universe.This paper presents the abundance analysis of an homogeneous sample of35 giants selected from the HK survey of Beers et al. (cite{BPS92},cite{Be99}), emphasizing stars of extremely low metallicity: 30 of our35 stars are in the range -4.1 <[Fe/H]< -2.7, and 22 stars have[Fe/H] < -3.0. Our new VLT/UVES spectra, at a resolving power ofR∼45 000 and with signal-to-noise ratios of 100-200 per pixel overthe wavelength range 330-1000 nm, are greatly superior to those of theclassic studies of McWilliam et al. (cite{MPS95}) and Ryan et al.(cite{RNB96}).The immediate objective of the work is to determine precise,comprehensive, and homogeneous element abundances for this large sampleof the most metal-poor giants presently known. In the analysis wecombine the spectral line modeling code ``Turbospectrum'' with OSMARCSmodel atmospheres, which treat continuum scattering correctly and thusallow proper interpretation of the blue regions of the spectra, wherescattering becomes important relative to continuous absorption (λ< 400 nm). We obtain detailed information on the trends of elementalabundance ratios and the star-to-star scatter around those trends,enabling us to separate the relative contributions of cosmic scatter andobservational/analysis errors.Abundances of 17 elements from C to Zn have been measured in all stars,including K and Zn, which have not previously been detected in starswith [Fe/H] < -3.0. Among the key results, we discuss the oxygenabundance (from the forbidden [OI] line), the different and sometimescomplex trends of the abundance ratios with metallicity, the very tightrelationship between the abundances of certain elements (e.g., Fe andCr), and the high [Zn/Fe] ratio in the most metal-poor stars. Within theerror bars, the trends of the abundance ratios with metallicity areconsistent with those found in earlier literature, but in many cases thescatter around the average trends is much smaller than found in earlierstudies, which were limited to lower-quality spectra. We find that thecosmic scatter in several element ratios may be as low as 0.05 dex.The evolution of the abundance trends and scatter with decliningmetallicity provides strong constraints on the yields of the firstsupernovae and their mixing into the early ISM. The abundance ratiosfound in our sample do not match the predicted yields frompair-instability hypernovae, but are consistent with element productionby supernovae with progenitor masses up to 100 M⊙.Moreover, the composition of the ejecta that have enriched the matterBased on observations obtained in the frame of the ESO programme ID165.N-0276(A).Full Tables 3 and 8 are available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/416/1117 This work hasmade use of the SIMBAD database.
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| 17. |
- Cayrel, R., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of stellar age from uranium decay
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 409:6821, s. 691-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ages of the oldest stars in the Galaxy indicate when star formationbegan, and provide a minimum age for the Universe. Radioactive dating ofmeteoritic material and stars relies on comparing the present abundanceratios of radioactive and stable nuclear species to the theoreticallypredicted ratios of their production. The radioisotope 232Th(half-life 14Gyr) has been used to date Galactic stars, but it decays byonly a factor of two over the lifetime of the Universe. 238U(half-life 4.5Gyr) is in principle a more precise age indicator, buteven its strongest spectral line, from singly ionized uranium at awavelength of 385.957nm, has previously not been detected in stars. Herewe report a measurement of this line in the very metal-poor starCS31082-0018, a star which is strongly overabundant in itsheavy elements. The derived uranium abundance, log(U/H) = -13.7 +/- 0.14+/- 0.12 yields an age of 12.5 +/- 3Gyr, though this is still modeldependent. The observation of this cosmochronometer gives the mostdirect age determination of the Galaxy. Also, with improved theoreticaland laboratory data, it will provide a highly precise lower limit to theage of the Universe.
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| 18. |
- Christlieb, N., et al.
(författare)
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The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES). I. Project description, and discovery of two stars with strong enhancements of neutron-capture elements
- 2004
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 428:3, s. 1027-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a dedicated effort to identify and study metal-poor stars strongly enhanced in r-process elements ([r/Fe]>1 dex; hereafter r-IIstars), the Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES).Moderate-resolution (∼2 Å) follow-up spectroscopy has been obtained for metal-poor giant candidates selected from the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES) as well as the HK survey to identify sharp-lined stars with [Fe/H]<-2.5 dex. For several hundred confirmed metal-poor giants brighter than B∼ 16.5 mag (most of them from theHES), ``snapshot'' spectra (R∼ 20 000; S/N ∼ 30 per pixel) are being obtained with VLT/UVES, with the main aim of finding the 2-3% r-II stars expected to be among them. These are studied in detail by means of higher resolution and higher S/N spectra. In this paper we describe a pilot study based on a set of 35 stars, including 23 from the HK survey,eight from the HES, and four comparison stars. We discovered two new r-II stars, CS 29497-004 ([Eu/Fe]=1.64± 0.22) and CS 29491-069([Eu/Fe]=1.08± 0.23). A first abundance analysis of CS 29497-004 yields that its abundances of Ba to Dy are on average enhanced by 1.5 dex with respect to iron and the Sun and match a scaled solar r-process pattern well, while Th is underabundant relative to that pattern by 0.3dex, which we attribute to radioactive decay. That is, CS 29497-004 seems not to belong to the class of r-process enhanced stars displaying an ``actinide boost'', like CS 31082-001 (Hill et al. 2002), or CS30306-132 (Honda et al. 2004b). The abundance pattern agrees well with predictions of the phenomenological model of Qian & Wasserburg.Based in large part on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal, Chile (proposal number 68.B-0320).}
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| 19. |
- Depagne, E., et al.
(författare)
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First Stars. II. Elemental abundances in the extremely metal-poor star CS 22949--037. A diagnostic of early massive supernovae
- 2002
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 390:1, s. 187-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CS 22949-037 is one of the most metal-poor giants known ([Fe/H]~-4.0),and it exhibits large overabundances of carbon and nitrogen (Norris etal.). Using VLT-UVES spectra of unprecedented quality, regardingresolution and S/N ratio, covering a wide wavelength range (from lambda= 350 to 900 nm), we have determined abundances for 21 elements in thisstar over a wide range of atomic mass. The major new discovery is anexceptionally large oxygen enhancement, [O/Fe] = 1.97+/-0.1, as measuredfrom the [O I] line at 630.0 nm. We find an enhancement of [N/Fe] of2.56+/- 0.2, and a milder one of [C/Fe] = 1.17+/-0.1, similar to thosealready reported in the literature. This implies Zstar =0.01Zsun. We also find carbon isotopic ratios12C/13C =4+/-2.0 and 13C/14N=0.03 +0.035-0.015, close to the equilibrium valueof the CN cycle. Lithium is not detected. Na is strongly enhanced([Na/Fe] = +2.1 +/- 0.2), while S and K are not detected. Thesilicon-burning elements Cr and Mn are underabundant, while Co and Znare overabundant ([Zn/Fe]=+0.7). Zn is measured for the first time insuch an extremely metal-poor star. The abundances of the neutron-captureelements Sr, Y, and Ba are strongly decreasing with the atomic number ofthe element: [Sr/Fe] ~ +0.3, [Y/Fe] ~ -0.1, and [Ba/Fe] ~ -0.6. Amongpossible progenitors of CS 22949-037, we discuss the pair-instabilitysupernovae. Such very massive objects indeed produce large amounts ofoxygen, and have been found to be possible sources of primary nitrogen.However, the predicted odd/even effect is too large, and the predictedZn abundance much too low. Other scenarios are also discussed. Inparticular, the yields of a recent model (Z35Z) from Heger and Woosleyare shown to be in fair agreement with the observations. The onlydiscrepant prediction is the very low abundance of nitrogen, possiblycurable by taking into account other effects such as rotationallyinduced mixing. Alternatively, the absence of lithium in our star, andthe values of the isotopic ratios 12C/13C and13C/14N close to the equilibrium value of the CNcycle, suggest that the CNO abundances now observed might have beenaltered by nuclear processing in the star itself. A 30-40Msun supernova, with fallback, seems the most likelyprogenitor for CS 22949-037. Based on observations made with the ESOVery Large Telescope at Paranal Observatory, Chile (programme ID165.N-0276(A)).
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| 20. |
- Edman, Kristina, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and demands of dental care, Sweden 2003-2013, and clinical correlates of oral health-related quality of life in 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the present study was to investigate attitudes to, and demands of dental care, and to assess possible associations with socioeconomic and clinical variables over a period of ten years. A further aim was to investigate the association between OHRQoL assessed by OIDP, and socioeconomic, dental care habits, smoking and oral status. Materials and methods. Three cross-sectional epidemiological studies were performed in the county of Dalarna, Sweden, in 2003, 2008 and 2013. Random samples of 1542–2244 individuals, aged 30-85 years, who answered a questionnaire about socio-economic, socio-behavioral factors, oral health-related quality of life were radiographically and clinically examined. Results. The importance of preventive treatment, regular recalls, meeting the same caregiver as on previous visits, and information on treatment cost have become less important. Difficulty in booking treatment time was reported by 17% in 2013, compared with 11% in 2003 and 12% in 2008 (p<0.05). In individuals with alveolar bone loss, meeting the same caregiver as on previous visits was important (p<0.05). In individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and manifest caries, information on treatment cost was important, while prevention became less important (p<0.05). Oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) was reported by 31% of the individuals in the study, and frequent impact was reported by 10%. Individuals with manifest caries lesions, less than 20 remaining teeth, and TMD reported OIDP to a significantly higher degree, compared to orally healthy individuals. Conclusion. Attitudes important in maintaining and improving good oral health, such as preventive care and regular recalls to dentistry, became less important during this period of 10 years, and difficulty in booking treatment time was reported more frequently in 2013. Oral impact was found to be associated with irregular dental visits and limited economy for dental care, less than 20 remaining teeth, TMD and manifest caries.
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| 23. |
- Edman, Kristina, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of dental caries and influencing factors, time trends over a 30-year period in an adult population : Epidemiological studies between 1983 and 2013 in the county of Dalarna, Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:5, s. 385-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in an adult population using four different cross-sectional studies over a 30-year period and to assess its possible associations with socio-economic and socio-behavioral factors. Materials and methods. Four cross-sectional epidemiological studies were performed in the county of Dalarna, Sweden, in 1983, 2003, 2008, and 2013. Random samples of 1012–2243 individuals, aged 20–85 years, who answered a questionnaire about socio-economic and socio-behavioral factors, were radiographically and clinically examined. Results. The proportion of individuals with at least one decayed surface (DS) was 58% in 1983 and significantly lower, 34% in 2008 (p<0.05) and 33% in 2013; the mean number of DS was 2.0 in 1983 and 1.1 in 2013 in the age group 35 to 75 (p < 0.05). In the age group 85, the mean number of DS was 1.2 in 2008 and 2.4 in 2013. Adjusted for age and number of teeth, irregular dental visits, limited financial resources for dental care, smoking, education below university, male gender, daily medication, and single living were positively and statistically associated with manifest caries. Conclusion. The declining trend in the prevalence of manifest caries seems to be broken. In the oldest age group mean number of DS was higher in 2013 compared with 2008, indicating a possible beginning of an increase. This needs special attention as this group increases in the population, retaining natural teeth high up in age. Manifest caries was found to be associated with socio-economic and socio-behavioral factors.
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| 24. |
- Ek-Nilsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Min mormor : Kvinnoliv i en annan tid
- 2023. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Anna från Bäckaby reste som 16-åring till New York, gifte sig och blev änka när maken dog i första världskriget. Hon for hem till Småland och blev bondhustru. Den unga Esther arbetade i Berlin på 1910-talet, mötte kärleken och förlovade sig. Men fästmannen stupade i kriget och hon fick sprätta upp monogrammen på sitt brudlinne. I Norrköping blev hon rådmanshustru och värdinna i ett borgerligt hem. Kajsa levde sitt liv i Frostviken i ett småbrukarhem. Hon var den ostyriga flickan som förvandlades till myndig husmor, som uppfostrade sina barn i Herrans tukt och förmaning. Andra världskriget kom obehagligt nära då tyska desertörer flög så lågt över gården, att man kunde se deras ansikten inne i planet. Anna från Masthugget växte upp i Göteborgs arbetarkvarter, där hon upplevde Storstrejken 1909 och 1917 års hungerkravaller. Hennes man arbetade vid Statens järnvägar och när det svenska folkhemmet tog form fick familjen det allt bättre. Dessa kvinnors livshistoria berättar om tidens kvinnoideal och utvecklingen från ett fattigt land i Europas utkant till välfärdsstaten Sverige. I Min mormor skildrar fyra etnologer på ett personligt sätt sina mormödrars liv.
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