| 1. |
- Ackum, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Vi tar fram en handfast plan för en omstart av Sverige
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :27 april
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det är /.../ fullt möjligt att tänka strategiskt och systematiskt även i brinnande kris. Omstartskommissionen hoppas kunna bidra till fokus, analys och konkreta policyförslag för att stödja Sveriges långsiktiga inriktning. Vi kommer att under våren och sommaren anordna seminarier och hearings om vårt arbete, delrapporter ska läggas fram – och när budgetarbetet börjar och Riksdagen öppnar, vill vi kunna bidra med en rejäl och handfast plan för hur vi omstartar Sverige.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Per H., et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical study of structural and electronic properties of VHx
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 58:9, s. 5230-5235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have calculated the change in the electronic structure and the distortion of the lattice in vanadium upon hydrogenation from first principles using the full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital method and the linear augmented plane-wave method in the local-density approximation. The calculated hydrogen induced volume expansions agree with experiment and the change in the c/a ratio is also in good agreement with observations where such are available for single phase VHx. Among several changes in the electronic structure, we note a hybridization of the d band of vanadium with the hydrogen 1s band. We also observe an antiferromagnetically ordered moment at V/Vexp=1.08. The possibility of producing magnetic V by means of hydrogenation in combination with epitaxial growth is suggested.
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| 3. |
- Berginström, Nils, 1984-
(författare)
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Fatigue after traumatic brain injury : exploring novel methods for diagnosis and treatment
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of disability and mortality. While some patients recover quickly, especially at the mild side of the injury severity continuum, many will experience symptoms for years to come. In this chronic phase, patients report a wide array of symptoms, where fatigue is one the most common. This fatigue makes huge impact in several areas of these patients’ lives. Despite the prevalence of fatigue after TBI, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Further, there are no standardized way for assessment and diagnosis, and there are no treatments with satisfying empirical support. The aim of this thesis was to examine the effects of the novel compound OSU6162 on fatigue in patients with TBI, and to explore functional and structural brain imaging correlates of fatigue after TBI.Methods: Studies I and III were based on a placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial examining the effects of the monoaminergic stabilizer OSU6162 on fatigue in patients in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury. In study I, self-assessment scales of fatigue and neuropsychological tests were used as outcomes, while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal was the primary outcome in study III. Studies II and IV used cross-sectional designs, comparing patients with TBI with age- and gender matched healthy controls. Study II examined whether fMRI BOLD signal could be used to detect and diagnose fatigue in patients with TBI, and study IV whether white matter hyperintensities (WMH) contribute to lower cognitive functioning and presence of fatigue after TBI.Results: Study I revealed no effects of OSU6162 during 28 days of treatment at maximum doses of 15 mg twice daily on measures of fatigue or any other outcome. The results from study II indicated that fatigue after TBI is linked to alterations in striato-thalamic-cortical loops, and suggested that fMRI could be a promising technique to use in the diagnosis of fatigue after TBI. In study III the results revealed effects of treatment in the right occipitotemporal and orbitofrontal cortex. In these areas, the BOLD response was normalized in the OSU6162 group as compared to healthy controls, while the placebo group showed a steady low activity in these areas. The regional effects were located outside the network shown to be linked to fatigue in study II, which might explain why there were no effects on fatigue after treatment with OSU6162 in study I. Study IV showed that WMH lesions increased with increased TBI severity, but the presence and extent of lesions did not explain lower neuropsychological functioning or fatigue in subjects with previous TBI.Conclusions: In summary, although no effects on fatigue after treatment with OSU6162 were seen, the results provide support to the theory that fatigue after TBI is linked to alterations in striato-thalamic-cortical loops, and on how fatigue after TBI could be assessed or diagnosed using fMRI. Structural damage within white matter was however not related to fatigue.
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| 4. |
- Berginström, Nils, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue after traumatic brain injury is linked to altered striato-thalamic-cortical functioning
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 31:6-7, s. 755-755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental fatigue is a common symptom in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury. Despite its high prevalence, no treatmentis available for this disabling symptom, and the mechanisms underlying fatigue are poorly understood. Some studies have suggested that fatigue in traumatic brain injury and other neurological disorders might reflect dysfunction within striato-thalamic-cortical loops. In the present study, we investigated whether functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) can be used to detect chronic fatigue after traumatic brain injury (TBI), with emphasis on the striato-thalamic cortical-loops. We included patients who had suffered traumatic brain injury (n = 57, age range 20–64 years) and experienced mental fatigue > 1 year post injury (mean = 8.79 years, SD = 7.35), and age- and sex-matched healthycontrols (n = 27, age range 25–65 years). All participants completed self-assessment scales of fatigue and other symptoms, underwent an extensive neuropsychological test battery and performed a fatiguing 27-minute attention task (the modified Symbol Digit Modalities Test) during fMRI. Accuracy did not differ between groups, but reaction times were slower in the traumatic brain injury group (p < 0.001). Patients showed a greater increase in fatigue than controls from before to after task completion (p < 0.001). Patients showed less fMRI blood oxygen level–dependent activity in several a priori hypothesized regions (family-wise error corrected,p < 0.05), including the bilateral caudate, thalamus and anterior insula. Using the left caudate as a region of interest and testing for sensitivity and specificity, we identified 91% of patients and 81% of controls. As expected, controls showed decreased activation over time in regions of interest—the bilateral caudate and anterior thalamus (p < 0.002, uncorrected)—whereas patients showed no corresponding activity decrease. These results suggest that chronic fatigue after TBI is linked to altered striato-thalamic-cortical functioning. The high precision of fMRI for the detection of fatigue is of great clinical interest, given the lack of objective measures for the diagnosis of fatigue.
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| 5. |
- Berginström, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaco-fMRI in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury : A Randomized Controlled Trial With the Monoaminergic Stabilizer (-)-OSU6162
- 2019
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Ingår i: The journal of head trauma rehabilitation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0885-9701 .- 1550-509X. ; 34:3, s. 189-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of monoaminergic stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 on brain activity, as measured by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in patients in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury suffering from fatigue.SETTING: Neurorehabilitation clinic.PARTICIPANTS: Patients with traumatic brain injury received either placebo (n = 24) or active treatment (n = 28). Healthy controls (n = 27) went through fMRI examination at one point and were used in sensitivity analysis on normalization of BOLD response.DESIGN: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design.MAIN MEASURES: Effects on BOLD signal changes from before to after treatment during performance of a fatiguing attention task.RESULTS: The fMRI results revealed treatment effects within the right occipitotemporal cortex and the right orbitofrontal cortex. In these regions, the BOLD response was normalized relative to healthy controls at the postintervention fMRI session. No effects were seen in regions in which we previously observed activity differences between patients and healthy controls while performing this fMRI task, such as the striatum.CONCLUSION: (-)-OSU6162 treatment had influences on functional brain activity, although the normalized regional BOLD response was observed in regions that were not a priori hypothesized to be sensitive to this particular treatment, and was not accompanied by any effects on in-scanner test performance or on fatigue.
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| 6. |
- Berginström, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Chronic Fatigue in Patients With Previous Traumatic Brain Injury : changes linked to altered Striato-Thalamic-Cortical Functioning
- 2018
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Ingår i: The journal of head trauma rehabilitation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0885-9701 .- 1550-509X. ; 33:4, s. 266-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to detect fatigue after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Setting: Neurorehabilitation clinic.Participants: Patients with TBI (n = 57) and self-experienced fatigue more than 1 year postinjury, and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 27).Main Measures: Self-assessment scales of fatigue, a neuropsychological test battery, and fMRI scanning during performance of a fatiguing 27-minute attention task.Results: During testing within the fMRI scanner, patients showed a higher increase in self-reported fatigue than controls from before to after completing the task (P < .001).The patients also showed lower activity in several regions, including bilateral caudate, thalamus, and anterior insula (all P < .05). Furthermore, the patients failed to display decreased activation over time in regions of interest: the bilateral caudate and anterior thalamus (all P < .01). Left caudate activity correctly identified 91% of patients and 81% of controls, resulting in a positive predictive value of 91%.Conclusion: The results suggest that chronic fatigue after TBI is associated with altered striato-thalamic-cortical functioning. It would be of interest to study whether fMRI can be used to support the diagnosis of chronic fatigue in future studies.
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| 7. |
- Berginström, Nils, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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White matter hyperintensities increases with traumatic brain injury severity : associations to neuropsychological performance and fatigue
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 34:3, s. 415-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) as compared to healthy controls, and to investigate whether there is an association between WMH lesion burden and performance on neuropsychological tests in patients with TBI.Methods: A total of 59 patients with TBI and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent thorough neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. The quantification of WMH lesions was performed using the fully automated Lesion Segmentation Tool.Results: WMH lesions were more common in patients with TBI than in healthy controls (p = .032), and increased with higher TBI severity (p = .025). Linear regressions showed that WMH lesions in patients with TBI were not related to performance on any neuropsychological tests (p > .05 for all). However, a negative relationship between number of WMH lesions in patients with TBI and self-assessed fatigue was found (r = - 0.33, p = .026).Conclusion: WMH lesions are more common in patients with TBI than in healthy controls, and WMH lesions burden increases with TBI severity. These lesions could not explain decreased cognitive functioning in patients with TBI but did relate to decreased self-assessment of fatigue after TBI.
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| 8. |
- Berginström, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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White matter hyperintensities increases with traumatic brain injuryseverity : associations to neuropsychological performance and fatigue
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To examine the prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) as compared to healthy controls, and to investigate whether there is an association between WMH lesion burden and performance on neuropsychological tests in patients with TBI.Methods: A total of 59 patients with TBI and 27 age- and gender- matched healthy controls underwent thorough neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. The quantification of WMH lesions was performed using the fully automated Lesion Segmentation Tool.Results: WMH lesions were more common in patients with TBI than in healthy controls (p = 0.032), and increased with higher TBI severity (p = 0.025). Linear regressions showed that WMH lesions in patients with TBI were not related to performance on any neuropsychological tests (p > 0.05 for all). However, a negative relationship between number of WMH lesions in patients with TBI and self-assessed fatigue was found (r = –0.33, p = 0.026).Conclusion: WMH lesions are more common in patients with TBI than in healthy controls, and WMH lesions burden increases with TBI severity. However, these lesions do not seem to explain the decreased cognitive functioning or the increased fatigue in patients with TBI.
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| 9. |
- Bergqvist, Lars, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic and electronic structure of (Ga1-xMnx)As
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 67:20, s. 205201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present theoretical calculations of the magnetic and electronic structure of Mn-doped GaAs (in the zinc-blende structure). The magnetic properties are shown to be very sensitive to structural defects, in particular, As antisite defects and Mn at interstitial positions. Only when considering such defects can the experimental magnetic moments be reproduced by first-principles theory. We present a simple model for understanding the connection between the magnetic ordering and the As antisites, and the way in which the defects help to stabilize a partial disordered local-moment state. The connection between the energetics of the Mn substitution and the As antisite concentration is also analyzed. In addition, we compare the calculated magnetic properties and electronic structures of Mn situated on substitutional sites (Mn replacing a Ga atom) and on interstitial sites, where in agreement with observations the interstitial site is found to be less favorable. Finally, combining our first-principles calculations of the spin-wave excitation energies with a classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian we have calculated interatomic exchange interactions, and using Monte Carlo simulations we present theoretical values of the critical temperature as a function of Mn concentration.
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| 10. |
- Bergqvist, Lars, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic properties and disorder effects in diluted magnetic semiconductors
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 72:19, s. 195210-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present calculations of the exchange interactions and critical temperatures for several diluted magnetic semiconductor systems. It is shown that the exchange interactions are dominated by short-ranged interactions that have a strong directional dependence. Using a combination of first-principles calculations of the exchange interactions together with Monte Carlo simulations of the classical Heisenberg model, in which the positional disorder and spin fluctuations are properly included, the calculated critical temperatures are in good agreement with experimantal observations. It is shown that agreement between theory and experiment, as regards ordering temperatures, is obtained only when the magnetic atoms are randomly positioned in a simulation cell which proves that disorder effects play a very important role. The effect of strong electron-electron interaction has been studied by means of the LSDA+U scheme. We investigate in detail the nature of the anisotropic exchange interactions by means of a Fermi surface analysis.
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| 11. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Så startar Sverige om
- 2020
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Christensen, Nana L, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and correction of patient motion in dynamic 15O-water PET MPI.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 1071-3581 .- 1532-6551. ; 30:6, s. 2736-2749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patient motion constitutes a limitation to 15O-water cardiac PET imaging. We examined the ability of image readers to detect and correct patient motion using simulated motion data and clinical patient scans.METHODS: Simulated data consisting of 16 motions applied to 10 motion-free scans were motion corrected using two approaches, pre-analysis and post-analysis for motion identification. Both approaches employed a manual frame-by-frame correction method. In addition, a clinical cohort was analyzed for assessment of prevalence and effect of motion and motion correction.RESULTS: Motion correction was performed on 94% (pre-analysis) and 64% (post-analysis) of the scans. Large motion artifacts were corrected in 91% (pre-analysis) and 74% (post-analysis) of scans. Artifacts in MBF were reduced in 56% (pre-analysis) and 58% (post-analysis) of the scans. The prevalence of motion in the clinical patient cohort (n = 762) was 10%. Motion correction altered exam interpretation in only 10 (1.3%) clinical patient exams.CONCLUSION: Frame-by-frame motion correction after visual inspection is useful in reducing motion artifacts in cardiac 15O-water PET. Reviewing the initial results (parametric images and polar maps) as part of the motion correction process, reduced erroneous corrections in motion-free scans. In a large clinical cohort, the impact of motion correction was limited to few patients.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism of Fe/V and Fe/Co multilayers
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 15, s. 599-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss in this paper the magnetic and structural parameters of Fe/V and Fe/Co multilayers. The electronic structure, magnetic moments (spin and orbital) and Curie temperatures as well as the magneto-crystalline anisotropy are calculated using first principles theory. Although theory is fairly successful in reproducing the experimental data we argue that the observed difference between theory and experiment most likely is due to lattice imperfections and that the interface between e.g. Fe and V is not perfectly sharp. We also present a model, based on the theory of elasticity, for analysing the structural properties of multilayers.
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| 16. |
- Herre, Lars, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Simplified Model of Integrated Paper Mill for Optimal Bidding in Energy and Reserve Markets
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to the increased use of variable renewable energy sources, more capacity for reserves is required. Non-generating resources such as large industrial consumers can arbitrage energy prices and provide reserve capacity by exploiting the inherent flexibility in selected industrial processes. A large enough industrial consumer can capitalize on this flexibility through optimized bidding in electricity markets.In this work, the day-ahead cost minimization of a risk-averse pulp and paper mill is formulated as a two-stage stochastic problem, considering thermodynamic and electrical constraints. The bids in the energy and reserve markets are jointly optimized subject to price uncertainty as well as uncertainty of frequency realization. The results of a case study in Sweden display a significant economic benefit in exploiting the flexibility of integrated pulp and paper mills with electric boilers. The expected cost of the pulp and paper mill resulting from different strategies are compared and the risk-aversion of the pulp and paper mill is investigated. Reserve offers are mainly facilitated by fast-acting electric boilers and supported by flexibility in the steam network. We show that reserve offers can significantly improve the profitability of the pulp and paper mill.
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| 17. |
- Herre, Lars, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Simplified model of integrated paper mill for optimal bidding in energy and reserve markets
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the increased use of variable renewable energy sources, more capacity for reserves is required. Non-generating resources such as large industrial consumers can arbitrage energy prices and provide reserve capacity by exploiting the inherent flexibility in selected industrial processes. A large enough industrial consumer can capitalize on this flexibility through optimized bidding in electricity markets. In this work, the day-ahead cost minimization of a risk-averse pulp and paper mill is formulated as a two-stage stochastic problem, considering thermodynamic and electrical constraints. The bids in the energy and reserve markets are jointly optimized subject to price uncertainty as well as uncertainty of frequency realization. The results of a case study in Sweden display a significant economic benefit in exploiting the flexibility of integrated pulp and paper mills with electric boilers. The expected cost of the pulp and paper mill resulting from different strategies are compared and the risk-aversion of the pulp and paper mill is investigated. Reserve offers are mainly facilitated by fast-acting electric boilers and supported by flexibility in the steam network. We show that reserve offers can significantly improve the profitability of the pulp and paper mill.
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| 18. |
- Holmström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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On the sharpness of the interfaces in metallic multilayers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 101:14, s. 4742-4745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that the three most relevant magnetic properties (magnetic moment, critical temperature, and interlayer exchange coupling) of metallic multilayers can be reproduced with good accuracy by first principles theory, provided that the picture of atomically sharp interfaces is abandoned and one allows instead for both interface alloying and interface roughness. The interface of a metallic multilayer (exemplified by the Fe/V system) is demonstrated to, at best, have interdiffusion essentially over two to three atomic layers on each side of the interface. Our conclusions are the result of combining experimental work with theoretical modeling, and we argue that this approach is the best avenue to obtain accurate information about the interface quality of metallic multilayers.
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| 19. |
- Hugosson, Håkan Wilhelm, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of phase stabilities and bonding mechanisms in stoichiometric and substoichiometric molybdenum carbide
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 86:7, s. 3758-3767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACTFirst principles, total energy methods have been applied to predict the relative stabilities of the four experimentally verified MoC phases: the cubic δ(NaCl) phase and the three hexagonal γ(WC), η and γ′(TiAs) phases. The effect of vacancies on the relative stability of these four phases was investigated using a model structure with ordered vacancies within the carbon sublattice. For stoichiometric MoC, the γ phase was found to be the most stable followed by γ′, δ, and η, but for substoichiometric MoC0.75,MoC0.75, the order of relative stability was changed and the substoichiometric δ phase was found to have the lowest energy followed by γ′ and γ. A study of the electronic structure revealed vacancy induced peaks in the density of state and the electron density attached to these peaks was analyzed and found to emanate from unscreened Mo–Mo bonds through the carbon vacancy site. Finally, the oxygen stabilization of the γ′ MoC phase was studied.
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| 20. |
- Kepp, Kasper P., et al.
(författare)
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Panel stacking is a threat to consensus statement validity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consensus statements can be very influential in medicine and public health. Some of these statements use systematic evidence synthesis but others fail on this front. Many consensus statements use panels of experts to deduce perceived consensus through Delphi processes. We argue that stacking of panel members toward one particular position or narrative is a major threat, especially in absence of systematic evidence review. Stacking may involve financial conflicts of interest, but nonfinancial conflicts of strong advocacy can also cause major bias. Given their emerging importance, we describe here how such consensus statements may be misleading, by analyzing in depth a recent high-impact Delphi consensus statement on COVID-19 recommendations as a case example. We demonstrate that many of the selected panel members and at least 35% of the core panel members had advocated toward COVID-19 elimination (Zero-COVID) during the pandemic and were leading members of aggressive advocacy groups. These advocacy conflicts were not declared in the Delphi consensus publication, with rare exceptions. Therefore, we propose that consensus statements should always require rigorous evidence synthesis and maximal transparency on potential biases toward advocacy or lobbyist groups to be valid. While advocacy can have many important functions, its biased impact on consensus panels should be carefully avoided.
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| 21. |
- Lizzaraga, R., et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for Noncollinear Instabilities of Ferromagnetic Materials
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 93:10, s. 107205-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two criteria have been identified here which determine whether a magnetic metal orders in a collinear (e.g., ferromagnet) or noncollinear (e.g., spin-spiral) arrangement. These criteria involve the ratio between the strength of the exchange interaction and the width of the electron bands, as well as Fermi-surface nesting between spin-up and spin-down sheets of the Fermi surface. Based on our analysis we predict that even typical ferromagnetic materials (e.g., Fe, Co, and Ni) should be possible to stabilize in a noncollinear magnetic order in, e.g., high pressure experiments.
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| 22. |
- Nordström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperfine parameters of η'-Cu6Sn5 and Li2CuSn
- 2001
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Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 136-137:3-8, s. 555-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- η′-Cu6Sn5, a suggested anode material in Li-ion batteries, has been studied by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy together with the lithiated phase Li2CuSn. Full-potential electronic structure calculations were carried out using full potential LAPW (linearized augmented plane wave) within the local density approximation. The calculated hyperfine parameters, isomer shift and electric quadrupole splitting, were compared to the experimental. In presence of more than one Sn-site, the theoretical values provide a good starting guess to fit a single Mössbauer absorption peak to different sites.
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| 23. |
- Nordström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors in late adolescence for young-onset dementia in men : a nationwide cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: JAMA internal medicine. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6114 .- 2168-6106. ; 173:17, s. 1612-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Young-onset dementia (YOD), that is, dementia diagnosed before 65 years of age, has been related to genetic mutations in affected families. The identification of other risk factors could improve the understanding of this heterogeneous group of syndromes.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors in late adolescence for the development of YOD later in life.DESIGN: We identified the study cohort from the Swedish Military Service Conscription Register from January 1, 1969, through December 31, 1979. Potential risk factors, such as cognitive function and different physical characteristics, were assessed at conscription. We collected other risk factors, including dementia in parents, through national register linkage.PARTICIPANTS: All Swedish men conscripted for mandatory military service (n = 488 484) with a mean age of 18 years.SETTING: Predominantly Swedish men born from January 1, 1950, through December 31, 1960.EXPOSURE: Potential risk factors for dementia based on those found in previous studies, data available, and quality of register data.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE: All forms of YOD.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 37 years, 487 men were diagnosed as having YOD at a median age of 54 years. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, significant risk factors (all P < .05) for YOD included alcohol intoxication (hazard ratio, 4.82 [95% CI, 3.83-6.05]); population-attributable risk, 0.28), stroke (2.96 [2.02-4.35]; 0.04), use of antipsychotics (2.75 [2.09-3.60]; 0.12), depression (1.89 [1.53-2.34]; 0.28), father's dementia (1.65 [1.22-2.24]; 0.04), drug intoxication other than alcohol (1.54 [1.06-2.24]; 0.03), low cognitive function at conscription (1.26 per 1-SD decrease [1.14-1.40]; 0.29), low height at conscription (1.16 per 1-SD decrease [1.04-1.29]; 0.16), and high systolic blood pressure at conscription (0.90 per 1-SD decrease [0.82-0.99]; 0.06). The population-attributable risk associated with all 9 risk factors was 68%. Men with at least 2 of these risk factors and in the lowest third of overall cognitive function were found to have a 20-fold increased risk of YOD during follow-up (hazard ratio, 20.38 [95% CI, 13.64-30.44]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this nationwide cohort, 9 independent risk factors were identified that accounted for most cases of YOD in men. These risk factors were multiplicative, most were potentially modifiable, and most could be traced to adolescence, suggesting excellent opportunities for early prevention.
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| 24. |
- Wiklund, Peder, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal and gynoid fat mass are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 93:11, s. 4360-4366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Abdominal obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the correlation of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements of regional fat mass with CVD risk factors has not been completely investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of estimated regional fat mass, measured with DEXA and CVD risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study of 175 men and 417 women. DEXA measurements of regional fat mass were performed on all subjects, who subsequently participated in a community intervention program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included impaired glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. RESULTS: We began by assessing the associations of the adipose measures with the cardiovascular outcomes. After adjustment for confounders, a sd unit increase in abdominal fat mass was the strongest predictor of most cardiovascular variables in men [odds ratio (OR)=2.63-3.37; P<0.05], whereas the ratio of abdominal to gynoid fat mass was the strongest predictor in women (OR=1.48-2.19; P<0.05). Gynoid fat mass was positively associated with impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in men (OR=2.07-2.15; P<0.05), whereas the ratio of gynoid to total fat mass showed a negative association with hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension (OR=0.42-0.62; P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal fat mass is strongly independently associated with CVD risk factors in the present study. In contrast, gynoid fat mass was positively associated, whereas the ratio of gynoid to total fat mass was negatively associated with risk factors for CVD.
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- Wiklund, Peder, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Low bone mineral density is associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction in men and women
- 2012
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - London : Springer. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 23:3, s. 963-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated in 6872 men and women. For both men and women lower BMD in the femoral neck and hip was associated with increased risk of MI largely independent of smoking, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes.Purpose The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular disease isn’t completely understood. The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in relation to bone mineral density and to determine if cardiovascular risk factors could explain this association.Methods Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed in 5490 women and 1382 men to determine total hip and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm²) and estimate femoral neck volumetric BMD (vBMD, g/cm³) . During a mean follow-up time of 5.7 years 117 women and 79 men suffered an initial MI.Results After adjustment for age and BMI, lower BMD of the femoral neck and total hip was associated with increased risk of MI for both women (hazard ratio (HR)=1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.66 per standard deviation (SD) decrease in femoral neck BMD) and men (HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.34-2.28 per SD decrease in total hip BMD). After additional adjustment for smoking, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes the associations were slightly attenuated in men (HR=1.42-1.88 in the age and BMI-adjusted model versus 1.33-1.77 in the fully adjusted model) while similar attenuations were seen in women (HR=1.06-1.25 versus 1.05-1.22).Conclusion Lower BMD was associated with an increase in MI risk for both men and women. Women had consistently lower HRs compared to men in all models. Adjusting for smoking, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes did not distinctively weaken these associations.
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