| 1. |
- Brembeck, Petra, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of vitamin D status in pregnant fair-skinned women in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 110:5, s. 856-864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may have negative consequences for both mother and child. There are few studies of vitamin D status and its determinants in pregnant women living at northern latitudes. Thus, the present study investigates vitamin D status and its determinants during the third trimester of women living in Sweden (latitudes 57–58°N). A total of ninety-five fair-skinned pregnant women had blood taken between gestational weeks 35 and 37. The study included a 4 d food diary and questionnaires on dietary intake, supplement use, sun exposure, skin type, travels to southern latitudes and measure of BMI. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was analysed using the chemiluminescence immunoassay. In the third trimester of pregnancy, mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 47·4 (sd 18·1) nmol/l (range 10–93 nmol/l). In total, 65 % of women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 17 % < 30 nmol/l. During the winter, 85 % of the pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 28 % < 30 nmol/l. The main determinants of vitamin D status were as follows: season; use of vitamin D supplements; travels to southern latitudes. Together, these explained 51 % of the variation in 25(OH)D. In conclusion, during the winter, the majority of fair-skinned pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l in their third trimester and more than every fourth woman < 30 nmol/l. Higher vitamin D intake may therefore be needed during the winter for fair-skinned pregnant women at northern latitudes to avoid vitamin D deficiency.
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| 2. |
- Diaz-Cabiale, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term modulation by postnatal oxytocin of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist binding sites in central autonomic regions and the role of prenatal stress
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroendocrinology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 16:3, s. 183-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to evaluate whether oxytocin administered in male rats subcutaneously early in life in the absence or presence of food restriction during pregnancy has life-long effects on the α2-agonist binding sites in the nucleus of the solitarii tract (NTS), in the hypothalamus and the amygdala, as evaluated by quantitative receptor autoradiography. Maternal food restriction alone increased the affinity of the α2-agonist [3H]UK14.304 binding sites exclusively in the NTS. In offspring from ad libitum fed dams, oxytocin treatment significantly increased the density of α2-agonist binding sites in the NTS and in the hypothalamus. The Kd value of the α2-agonist binding sites in the hypothalamus of these rats, but not in the other regions studied, was also significantly increased. In offspring from food-restricted dams, oxytocin treatment produced a significant increase of the Bmax values in the hypothalamus and the amygdala and the Kd value of the α2-agonist binding sites in the NTS of these rats also was selectively and significantly increased. These results suggest that a postnatal, oxytocin-induced increase of regional α2-adrenoceptor function can be seen in adulthood by a persistent, regionally selective increase in the density of central α2-adrenoceptor agonist binding sites, in the absence of an affinity change in the NTS. Such a regional increase of α2-adrenoceptor signalling in adulthood may contribute to the anti-stress action of postnatal oxytocin. By contrast, after prenatal stress, the potential increase in α2-adrenoceptor signalling takes place via selective increases of density with no changes of affinity of the α2-agonist binding sites in the hypothalamus and the amygdala.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, insulin resistance, energy expenditure and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and resistin before, during and after pregnancy in healthy Swedish women
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 103:1, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy human pregnancy is associated with changes in food intake, body fatness, energy expenditure and insulin resistance. However, available knowledge is limited regarding the physiological basis of these changes. Published evidence suggests that so-called adipokines (i.e. leptin, adiponectin and resistin) have significant roles when such changes are established. We explored, throughout a complete pregnancy, relationships between total body fat (TBF), energy expenditure, insulin resistance (homeostasic model of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Such concentrations were assessed before pregnancy in gestational weeks 8, 14, 20, 32 and 35, and 2 weeks postpartum in twenty-three healthy women. TBF, BMR (n 23) and HOMA-IR (n 17) were assessed before pregnancy in gestational weeks 14 and 32 and 2 weeks postpartum. TBF (%) was correlated with HOMA-IR (r 0.68-0.79, P < 0.01) and with serum leptin (r 0.85-0.88, P < 0.001) before and during pregnancy. Serum leptin was correlated with HOMA-IR (r 0.53-0.70, P < 0.05) before and during pregnancy. Serum adiponectin was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR in gestational week 32 (r - 0.52, P < 0.05). When HOMA-IR was regressed on TBF (%), the slope of the regression line was 0.046 before pregnancy, which was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the corresponding value, 0.111, in gestational week 32. The results indicate that pregnancy has an enhancing effect on the relationship between body fatness and insulin resistance. This effect, possibly mediated by leptin, may represent a mechanism by which offspring size is regulated in response to the nutritional situation of the mother.
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| 4. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal body composition in relation to infant birth weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 96:2, s. 408-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infant birth weight has increased recently, representing an obstetric and potentially a public health problem since high birth weight involves a risk of obesity later in life. Maternal nutritional status is important for fetal growth and therefore relationships between maternal body weight and composition v. birth weight and infant subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated in twenty-three healthy women and their newborn infants using multiple and simple linear regression analysis. Furthermore, using previously published data for nineteen infants, it was demonstrated that an anthropometric method could provide useful estimates of the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Birth weight was correlated with the maternal content of total body fat (TBF) both before pregnancy and in gestational week 32 and, together with gestational age at birth, TBF (%) before pregnancy explained 45% of the variation in birth weight. This figure was not increased when gestational gains in weight or TBF were added to the model. Furthermore, in infants, birth weight correlated with the amount of their subcutaneous adipose tissue. Together maternal TBF (%) and amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue in infants explained 61–63% of the variation in birth weight while the amount of infant subcutaneous adipose tissue alone explained only 55%. The maternal TBF content is likely to be important for the recent increase in birth weight. This factor probably causes a general augmentation in fetal growth rather than a specific stimulation of adipose tissue growth.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Havervall, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 induces a durable and antigen specific humoral immunity after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 infection
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:1, s. e0262169-e0262169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current SARS-CoV-2 serological assays generate discrepant results, and the longitudinal characteristics of antibodies targeting various antigens after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 are yet to be established. This longitudinal cohort study including 1965 healthcare workers, of which 381 participants exhibited antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen at study inclusion, reveal that these antibodies remain detectable in most participants, 96%, at least four months post infection, despite having had no or mild symptoms. Virus neutralization capacity was confirmed by microneutralization assay in 91% of study participants at least four months post infection. Contrary to antibodies targeting the spike protein, antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein were only detected in 80% of previously anti-nucleocapsid IgG positive healthcare workers. Both anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels were significantly higher in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients four months post infection than in healthcare workers four months post infection (p = 2*10−23 and 2*10−13 respectively). Although the magnitude of humoral response was associated with disease severity, our findings support a durable and functional humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 infection even after no or mild symptoms. We further demonstrate differences in antibody kinetics depending on the antigen, arguing against the use of the nucleocapsid protein as target antigen in population-based SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys
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| 7. |
- Hedlund, Linnea, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Vitamin D Status in Fair-Skinned Women of Childbearing Age at Northern Latitudes
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objective: Poor vitamin D status during pregnancy has been associated with unfavorable outcomes for mother and child. Thus, adequate vitamin D status in women of childbearing age may be important. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentrations in women of childbearing age living in Sweden, at latitude 57-58 degrees north. Method: Eighty four non-pregnant, non-lactating, healthy, fair-skinned women aged between 25-40 years were included. All subjects provided blood samples, four day food records and answered questionnaires about sun exposure and lifestyle. Total serum 25(OH) D was analyzed using Roche Cobas (R) electrochemoluminiescent immunoassay. Results: Mean 25(OH) D was 65.8+/-19.9 nmol/l and 23% of the subjects had concentrations <50 nmol/l. Only 1% had concentrations <25 nmol/l. Determinants of 25(OH)D concentrations were recent sunbed use, recent travel to southern latitude, season, estrogen contraceptive use and use of supplementary vitamin D (R-2 = 0.27). Conclusion: Every fifth woman had 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/l. About 30% of the variation in vitamin D status was explained by sun exposure, use of vitamin D supplements and use of estrogen contraceptives. Cutaneous vitamin D synthesis seems to be a major contributor to vitamin D status, even at northern latitudes. Thus, recommendations on safe UV-B exposure could be beneficial for vitamin D status.
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| 8. |
- Hussain, Ays, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal beef and postweaning herring diets increase bone mineral density and strength in mouse offspring.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1535-3699 .- 1535-3702. ; 238:12, s. 1362-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maternal diet during gestation and lactation affects the long-term health of the offspring. We sought to determine whether maternal and postweaning crossover isocaloric diets based on fish or meat affect the geometry, mineral density, and biomechanical properties of bone in mouse offspring in adulthood. During gestation and lactation, C57BL/6 dams were fed a herring- or beef-based diet. After weaning, half of the pups in each group were fed the same diet as their dams, and half were fed the other diet. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the whole body and lumbar spine were measured in the offspring by dual X-ray absorptiometry at 9 and 21 weeks of age. At 22-26 weeks, tibia bone geometry (length, cortical volumetric (v) BMD, BMC, area and thickness) was analyzed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and the biomechanical properties of the tibia were analyzed by the three-point bending test. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 was analyzed at 12 weeks. In comparison to the maternal herring diet, the maternal beef diet increased aBMD and BMC in the whole body and lumbar spine of adult offspring, as well as cortical vBMD, BMC, bone area, and thickness at the mid-diaphyseal region of the tibia and the biomechanical properties of tibia strength. In contrast, a postweaning beef diet decreased aBMD in the lumbar spine and BMC in the whole body and lumbar spine compared with a postweaning herring diet, which instead increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 levels. The change from a maternal beef diet before weaning to a herring diet after weaning decreased body weight and increased the cortical area, vBMD, BMC, thickness, and strength of the tibia. These significant crossover effects indicate that a preweaning maternal beef diet and a postweaning herring diet are optimal for increasing BMC and bone strength in offspring in adulthood.
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| 9. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in basal metabolic rate during pregnancy in relation to changes in body weight and composition, cardiac output, insulin-like growth factor I, and thyroid hormones and in relation to fetal growth
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 81:3, s. 678-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The total energy cost of pregnancy is largely due to an elevated basal metabolic rate (BMR). Large variations in the BMR response to pregnancy have been reported, but the factors associated with this variability are incompletely known.Objective: The objective was to identify factors associated with variability in the BMR response to pregnancy.Design: In 22 healthy women, BMR, body weight (BW), total body fat (TBF), fat-free mass (FFM), circulatory variables, serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and thyroid hormones were measured before pregnancy and in gestational weeks 14 and 32. BMR and BW were also measured in gestational weeks 8, 20, and 35. Fetal weight was estimated in gestational week 31.Results: In gestational week 14, the increase in BMR correlated significantly with the corresponding increase in BW and with the prepregnancy percentage of TBF. Together these variables explained ≈40% of the variability in the BMR response. In gestational week 32, the increase in BMR correlated significantly with the corresponding changes in BW, TBF, FFM, IGF-I, cardiac output, and free triiodothyronine. The increase in BW in combination with fetal weight or with the elevated concentration of IGF-I in serum explained ≈60% of the variability in the increase in BMR.Conclusions: Weight gain and the prepregnancy percentage of TBF—ie, factors related to the maternal nutritional situation—are important factors with regard to the variability in the BMR response to pregnancy. Thus, it is important to consider the nutritional situation before and during gestation when assessing pregnancy energy requirements.
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| 10. |
- Olausson, Hanna, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in bone mineral status and bone size during pregnancy and the influences of body weight and calcium intake
- 2008
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Ingår i: American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 88:4, s. 1032-1039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Calcium may be mobilized from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy, which may be influenced by several factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate changes in bone mineral status and size during pregnancy and to consider the influences of body weight and calcium intake. DESIGN: Thirty-four British women were studied before pregnancy and 2 wk postpartum (Preg). Eighty-four nonpregnant, nonlactating (NPNL) women were studied over a corresponding time. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and BA-adjusted BMC of the whole-body, lumbar spine, radius, and hip were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The Preg group experienced significant decreases in BMC, aBMD, and BA-adjusted BMC at the whole-body, spine, and total hip of between 1% and 4%. Whole-body BMC increased in the NPNL group, and aBMD and BA-adjusted BMC decreased at the spine and hip by 0.5% to 1%. Whole-body BMC decreased in the Preg group by -2.16 +/- 0.46%, equivalent to -2.71 +/- 0.43% relative to the NPNL group (P < or = 0.001). Weight change was a positive predictor of skeletal change at the spine, hip, and radius in both groups. Differences between the Preg and NPNL groups in change in BA-adjusted BMC, after correction for weight change and other influences, were as follows (P < or = 0.01): whole-body, -1.70 +/- 0.25%; spine, -3.03 +/- 0.72%; and total hip, -1.87 +/- 0.60%. Calcium intake was not a significant predictor of skeletal change in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy is associated with decreases in whole-body and regional bone mineral status sufficient to make a sizeable contribution to maternal and fetal calcium economy. Calcium intake is not a significant predictor of the skeletal response to pregnancy in well-nourished women.
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| 11. |
- Olausson, Hanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of food restriction and pregnancy on the expression of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II in tissues from guinea pigs
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 179:3, s. 437-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is subjected to pregnancy-associated changes in the circulation and is suggested to be of importance for partitioning of nutrients between the mother and the foetus. Interestingly, maternal undernutrition alters the pregnancy-associated changes, with possible adverse consequences for the mother and the foetus. However, it is not known how malnutrition and pregnancy alter the expression of mRNA for IGFs locally in different tIssues. The aims of this study were to investigate where IGF-I and IGF-II are expressed in guinea pigs and how this expression is altered during food restriction and pregnancy. Ad libitum-fed and food-restricted (fed 70% of the ad libitum-fed intake four weeks before pregnancy and throughout the study) guinea pigs were mated. On day 40 of pregnancy and on the corresponding day for virginal females the animals were killed. mRNA for IGF-I and IGF-II was analysed in various organs/tIssues by solution hybridisation. mRNA for IGF-I was expressed in high amounts in uterus, liver and adipose tIssues. The expression was not affected by food restriction, but was increased in liver and adipose tIssue and decreased in uterus by pregnancy. mRNA for IGF-II was expressed in high amounts in the placenta and liver. In the placenta the expression was decreased by food restriction. Pregnancy increased the levels of mRNA for IGF-II in the liver. Food-restricted dams had smaller foetuses and placentas. In conclusion, this study indicates an important role for the adipose tIssue during gestation, not only as an energy store but also as an endocrine tIssue expressing IGF-I. The decreased expression of IGF-II in the placenta due to food restriction is suggested to have adverse effects on placental structure and function.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Olausson, Hanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal study of the maternal insulin-like growth factor system before, during and after pregnancy in relation to fetal and infant weight
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 69:2, s. 99-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is considered to be involved in fetal growth regulation. However, available data linking this system to fetal growth are contradictory and incomplete.Aims: To measure components of the IGF system before, during and after pregnancy in healthy women and to relate these results, and their changes during pregnancy, to fetal weight (gestational week 31) and birth weight.Methods: Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3 protease activity were assessed in 23 women before conception, at weeks 8, 14, 20, 32 and 35 of pregnancy and 2 weeks postpartum. The data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression.Results: One third of the variability in fetal weight was explained by IGF-I in combination with IGFBP-3 protease activity, both assessed at gestational week 32 (p = 0.013). Birth weight was negatively correlated (r = –0.43 to –0.59) with IGFBP-1 at gestational week 20 (p = 0.041), 32 (p = 0.012) and 35 (p = 0.003).Conclusion: We propose there is a finely tuned balance among the components of the IGF system, providing a means for fetal growth regulation.
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| 14. |
- Olausson, Hanna, 1975-
(författare)
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Nutritional status before and during pregnancy in relation to the maternal insulin-like growth factor-system and health related variables in the offspring
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adequate fetal growth is of importance for health in adulthood. Maternal nutritional status has been suggested to be one major factor influencing fetal development. The nature of how the mother's nutritional status and her metabolic, endocrine and physiological adaptations to pregnancy interact and how these interactions affect fetal growth is unclear. The insulin-like growth factor (IOF)-system has been suggested to be one mediator between maternal nutritional status and fetal growth. Impaired fetal growth may have life-long effects, but little is known about the possibilities to ameliorate intrauterine perturbations postnatally. Oxytocin, an anti-stress hormone, was used as a model to study such possibilities.The aims were: to measure serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3 and protease activity against IOFBP-3 in healthy women before, during and after pregnancy; to study the relationships regarding maternal body weight and composition before and during pregnancy versus components of the maternal IGF-system in serum in healthy women; to study the relationships regarding components of the maternal IGF-system in serum versus infant birth weight; to measure the expression of mRNA for IGF-I and IGF-II in different tissues in guinea pigs and to study how these expressions are altered by gestation and food restriction; to study long-term effects of maternal food restriction during gestation on health related variables in adult rat offspring; to study long-term effects of early postnatal treatment of oxytocin in the adult rat offspring.Healthy women were studied before pregnancy, in weeks 8, 14, 20, 32, 35 of pregnancy and 2 weeks postpartum. Body weight, body composition and serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3 and protease activity against IOFBP-3 were measured. Infant body weight and length at birth were obtained from hospital records. The amounts of mRNA for IGF-I and IGF-II in the liver, adipose tissues, muscles, spleen, uterus and placenta were measured in virginal and pregnant guinea pigs, being either ad libitum fed or food restricted. Rat dams were either ad libitum fed or food restricted during gestation. Their offspring received oxytocin or NaCI at day 1-14 of age. Blood pressure, plasma levels of corticosterone, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and reproductive performance were measured in the adult offspring.All of the studied components of the IGF-system in serum underwent changes during pregnancy. The levels of IGF-1 were reduced in early pregnancy compared to before conception. The lower the body weight or the less amount of body fat before pregnancy, the larger the decrease in IGF-I in early pregnancy. The combination of body weight before pregnancy and the serum level of IGF-I in early pregnancy explained as much as 47 % of the variation in birth weight, indicating that the higher the maternal body weight before pregnancy and the lower the level of IGF-I in early pregnancy, the heavier the infant. From week 20 of pregnancy, maternal levels of IGFBP-I were negatively correlated to birth weight. In late pregnancy, the abundance of IGFBP-I and protease activity in serum together explained 35% of the variation in birth weight, indicating that the lower the IGFBP-I and the higher the protease activity, the higher the birth weight. In guinea pigs, mRNA for IGF-I was expressed in high amounts in adipose tissue and liver, whereas mRNA for IGF-II were highly expressed in placenta and liver. The expression of IGF-I was in general unaffected by food restriction, but doubled during gestation, whereas the expression of IGF-II in the placenta was decreased by food restriction and increased in the liver by gestation. Maternal food restriction during gestation caused increased levels of corticosterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-I, but no elevation in blood pressure, in adult offspring. Early postnatal oxytocin treatment decreased blood pressure and corticosterone, whereas the influence on reproductive performance was dependent on the nutritional status of their dams and the current nutritional experience in adulthood.In conclusion, this thesis confirms that the IGF-system may be one factor mediating the effects of maternal nutritional status on fetal growth. It also supports the suggestion that IGFBP-I in maternal serum may be used as a marker of infant birth weight. Adipose tissue was shown to produce high amounts of IGF-I, indicating endocrine functions during gestation. Postnatal oxytocin treatment ameliorated some of the adverse effects in adult offspring, induced by maternal food restriction.
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| 15. |
- Sohlström, Annica, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin treatment during early life influences reproductive performance in ad libitum fed and food-restricted female rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126 .- 1421-9727. ; 81:2, s. 132-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxytocin treatment may permanently alter endocrine axes resulting in anti-stress and anabolic effects. However, the nutritional status influences the effects of oxytocin. The specific aims of this study were to investigate the effects of postnatal oxytocin treatment on reproductive performance in adult life, by studying maternal weight gain, adiposity, plasma levels of IGF-I as well as fetal and placental weights in the following groups of animals: (1) Ad libitum fed dams coming from ad libitum fed mothers. (2) Ad libitum fed dams coming from food-restricted mothers. (3) Food-restricted dams coming from ad libitum fed mothers. (4) Food-restricted dams coming from food-restricted mothers. Oxytocin treatment postnatally had long-term effects and increased adiposity in pregnant dams and stimulated placental and fetal growth relative to saline-treated dams. However, if the dams themselves had been exposed to food restriction during fetal life, the effect of postnatal oxytocin treatment changed. The oxytocin-treated mothers were still fatter but had smaller fetuses. In conclusion, postnatal oxytocin treatment influences reproductive performance in later life but is dependent on the mother’s previous and current nutritional experience.
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| 16. |
- Vargas-Martinez, F., et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain
- 2014
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Ingår i: Progress in Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0082 .- 1873-5118. ; 123, s. 37-78
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxytocin (OT) plays a major role in the establishment of social bonds. Social bonds are linked to the activation of cell signaling pathways that promote neurotrophic and synaptic maturation, plasticity and memory changes. Anti-social behavior is often associated with abnormalities of cell signaling pathways and/or defective function of brain neurotransmitters within behavioral CNS circuits due to unproper environmental and social factors, such as, diet, stress, chemical, air pollution, and noise, during gestational period or/and during early postnatal development. OT exerts an important regulatory functions in maternity and parental behaviors, lactation, attachment, bonding, trust, and sensorial functions such as: homeostatic cardiovascular control, satiety, touch, pain, analgesia and sexual behavior. Noteworthy, OT displays important neuroprotective properties against fetal programmed hypertension when administered during early postnatal life, added to its known anabolic properties shown in adult rats, e.g. body weight control, reduces blood pressure, and increases analgesia. This review focuses on the new evidences supporting OT's role as a major neuroprotective nonapeptide provided by its quality to reverse hypertension programmed in utero by undernutrition. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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