| 1. |
- Aggeborn, Linuz, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Parents, Peers, and Politics : The Long-term Effects of Vertical Social Ties
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of Political Science. - : NOW PUBLISHERS INC. - 1554-0626 .- 1554-0634. ; 15:2, s. 221-253
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine how one's adult political participation is affected by having social ties to a politician during adolescence. Specifically, we estimate the long-term effect of having had a classmate during upper secondary school whose parent was running for office on future voter turnout and the likelihood of running for and winning political office. We use unique Swedish population-wide administrative data and find that students in school classes with a larger number of politically active parents are more politically active as adults, both in terms of voting and political candidacy. Our results suggest that the effect of vertical social ties is predominantly mediated by indirect links between the politician and the student via the children of politicians. Moreover, we show that the strength of these mobilizing effects depends on the individual's basic predisposition to engage in different types of political activities.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlskog, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantifying Bias from Measurable and Unmeasurable Confounders Across Three Domains of Individual Determinants of Political Preferences
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Political Analysis. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1047-1987 .- 1476-4989. ; 31:2, s. 181-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A core part of political research is to identify how political preferences are shaped. The nature of these questions is such that robust causal identification is often difficult to achieve, and we are not seldom stuck with observational methods that we know have limited causal validity. The purpose of this paper is to measure the magnitude of bias stemming from both measurable and unmeasurable confounders across three broad domains of individual determinants of political preferences: socio-economic factors, moral values, and psychological constructs. We leverage a unique combination of rich Swedish registry data for a large sample of identical twins, with a comprehensive battery of 34 political preference measures, and build a meta-analytical model comparing our most conservative observational (naive) estimates with discordant twin estimates. This allows us to infer the amount of bias from unobserved genetic and shared environmental factors that remains in the naive models for our predictors, while avoiding precision issues common in family-based designs. The results are sobering: in most cases, substantial bias remains in naive models. A rough heuristic is that about half of the effect size even in conservative observational estimates is composed of confounding.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Settlement into Ethnic Enclaves on Immigrant Voter Turnout
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Politics. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-3816 .- 1468-2508. ; 84:1, s. 578-584
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is the effect of residing in ethnic enclaves on immigrants’ future political participation? We study a comprehensive refugee placement reform that was implemented in Sweden in the mid-1980s in combination with unique individual-level turnout data to study the causal effect of being settled in neighborhoods with a high residential concentration of coethnics on immigrants’ future probability of voting. We find little evidence that ethnic concentration per se affects voter turnout. On average, newly arrived immigrants were equally likely to vote whether they were placed in a neighborhood with many or few coethnics. Further analyses, however, indicate that the effect of ethnic concentration depends on the degree of political integration among previously settled coethnics; ethnic concentration increases turnout among the newly immigrated when they are placed with already politically integrated coethnics. These results underscore the conditions under which the political socialization of immigrant newcomers is enhanced in ethnic enclaves.
|
|
| 4. |
- Arai, Kazuhiro, et al.
(författare)
-
The Structure and Determinants of Trust: The Cases of Japan and Sweden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics. - Tokyo : Sanseido Publishing Company, Ltd.. - 0018-280X. ; 46:2, s. 183-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure and determinants of trust are analyzed using questionnaire data from a sample of Japanese and Swedish university students. A salient characteristic of this analysis is that it considers various dimensions of trust. There are similarities and differences between the two countries in the relative magnitude of trust belonging to those dimensions. Family trust does not reduce various kinds of trust. It can be inferred from the responses of economics students that education and culture are important determinants of trust. Those who rely heavily on signals for trust decisions are less cooperative and less trustworthy. Some interpretations are given.
|
|
| 5. |
- Becker, Joel, et al.
(författare)
-
Resource profile and user guide of the Polygenic Index Repository
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 2397-3374. ; 51:6, s. 694-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polygenic indexes (PGIs) are DNA-based predictors. Their value for research in many scientific disciplines is growing rapidly. As a resource for researchers, we used a consistent methodology to construct PGIs for 47 phenotypes in 11 datasets. To maximize the PGIs’ prediction accuracies, we constructed them using genome-wide association studies—some not previously published—from multiple data sources, including 23andMe and UK Biobank. We present a theoretical framework to help interpret analyses involving PGIs. A key insight is that a PGI can be understood as an unbiased but noisy measure of a latent variable we call the ‘additive SNP factor’. Regressions in which the true regressor is this factor but the PGI is used as its proxy therefore suffer from errors-in-variables bias. We derive an estimator that corrects for the bias, illustrate the correction, and make a Python tool for implementing it publicly available. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bratsberg, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
-
Birth Order and Voter Turnout
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Political Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1234 .- 1469-2112. ; 52:1, s. 475-482
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have stressed the role of a child's family environment for future political participation. This field of research has, however, overlooked that children within the same family have different experiences depending on their birth order. First-borns spend their first years of life without having to compete over their parents' attention and resources, while their younger siblings are born into potential rivalry. We examine differences in turnout depending on birth order, using unique population-wide individual level register data from Sweden and Norway that enables precise within-family estimates. We consistently find that higher birth order entails lower turnout, and that the turnout differential with respect to birth order is stronger when turnout is lower. The link between birth order and turnout holds when we use data from four other, non-Nordic countries. This birth order effect appears to be partly mediated by socio-economic position and attitudinal predispositions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Buser, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
The causal effect of genetic variants linked to cognitive and non-cognitive skills on education and labor market outcomes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate the effect of genetic variants that are associated with differences in cognitive and non -cognitive skills on labor market and education outcomes by linking genetic data from individuals in the Swedish Twin Registry to government registry data. Genes are fixed over the life cycle and genetic differences between full siblings are random, making it possible to establish the causal effects of within -family genetic variation. We show that polygenic indices associated with cognitive skills and personality traits significantly affect income, occupation, and educational attainment. By comparing estimates that use only within -family variation to OLS estimates with and without socioeconomic controls, our results also provide indications of the degree of (residual) confounding, which can be useful for research conducted in datasets that do not contain sibling pairs. Overall, our results indicate that education and labor market outcomes are partially the result of a genetic lottery.
|
|
| 8. |
- Dancygier, Rafaela, et al.
(författare)
-
Representationsgapet
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Valdeltagande och representation. - : Delmi. - 9789188021236
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
- Dawes, Christopher T., et al.
(författare)
-
A polygenic score for educational attainment partially predicts voter turnout
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twin and adoption studies have shown that individual differences in political participation can be explained, in part, by genetic variation. However, these research designs cannot identify which genes are related to voting or the pathways through which they exert influence, and their conclusions rely on possibly restrictive assumptions. In this study, we use three different US samples and a Swedish sample to test whether genes that have been identified as associated with educational attainment, one of the strongest correlates of political participation, predict self-reported and validated voter turnout. We find that a polygenic score capturing individuals' genetic propensity to acquire education is significantly related to turnout. The strongest associations we observe are in second-ordermidterm elections in the United States and European Parliament elections in Sweden, which tend to be viewed as less important by voters, parties, and the media and thus present a more information-poor electoral environment for citizens to navigate. A within-family analysis suggests that individuals' education-linked genes directly affect their voting behavior, but, for second-order elections, it also reveals evidence of genetic nurture. Finally, a mediation analysis suggests that educational attainment and cognitive ability combine to account for between 41% and 63% of the relationship between the genetic propensity to acquire education and voter turnout.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dawes, Christopher T, et al.
(författare)
-
The Relationship Between Genes, Psychological Traits, and Political Participation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Political Science. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0092-5853 .- 1540-5907. ; 58:4, s. 888-903
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research demonstrates that a wide range of political attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors canbe explained in part by genetic variation. However, these studies have not yet identied themechanisms that generate such a relationship. Some scholars have speculated that psychologicaltraits mediate the relationship between genes and political participation, but so far there havebeen no empirical tests. Here we focus on the role of three psychological traits that are believed toinuence political participation: cognitive ability, personal control, and extraversion. Utilizinga unique sample of more than 2,000 Swedish twin pairs, we show that a common genetic factorcan explain most of the relationship between these psychological traits and acts of politicalparticipation as well as predispositions related to participation. While our analysis is not adenitive test, our results suggest an upper bound for a proposed mediation relationship betweengenes, psychological traits, and political participation.
|
|
| 11. |
- Dehdari, Sirus H., et al.
(författare)
-
Early voting can widen the turnout gap : The case of childbirth
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Electoral Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0261-3794 .- 1873-6890. ; 90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early voting procedures boost voter participation and have therefore been suggested as institutional remedies for the problem of unequal turnout. Scholars have, however, raised concerns that making voting more convenient may actually lead to a less representative electorate. We contribute to this debate by leveraging large-scale Swedish registry data to analyze persons expecting a child around the time of the election. Our results indicate that politically engaged high-status voters are more likely to use the opportunity to vote in advance when faced with the risk of not being able to vote on election day. Given the large number of obstacles to election-day voting that individuals face throughout life, it is therefore conceivable that efforts to make voting more convenient and less costly for citizens may in the end lead to less representative electorates.
|
|
| 12. |
- Grees, Nadja, 1983-
(författare)
-
Changing Swedish sickness insurance : Policies, institutions and outcomes
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to contribute to welfare state theorising by analysing changing risk protection in Swedish sickness insurance and demonstrate how the understanding of such, and its implications, can be enhanced by strategic methodological choices. When analysing formal policy change in the compulsory sickness insurance system, it is concluded that the Swedish system fulfils almost every aspect of a so called social democratic welfare state, and no institutional shift can be discerned over time. When instead studying the interaction between compulsory and occupational benefits, and when investigating differences between diverse groups on the labour market and changes over time, it is demonstrated that there has been an institutional shift in the Swedish system. The balance in regulation between state and collective agreements has moved substantially in the direction of the latter. In terms of the basis for entitlements, a shift from citizenship/residence and labour force participation towards occupational categories has occurred. Considering the replacement levels of the public system, there has also been a shift towards inadequate benefits due to a low ceiling. Such findings emphasise the importance of including occupational systems, and of not treating the population as a homogenous mass, when studying risk protection. When focusing the analysis on how a system functions in practice rather than in theory as is usually done, and thus focusing on non-take-up of occupational benefits, it is shown that a large group of individuals are missing out on the benefit to which they have a right due to their occupational category. Such a fact has implications in terms of risk protection. The most obvious implication of high levels of non-take-up of occupational insurance is reduced individual income security for the affected groups. As the non-take-up is unevenly distributed among groups, such results also indicate that the traditional stratification in the system is strengthened but also that new groups of individuals are worse off than others, thus causing a new basis for stratification within the system.
|
|
| 13. |
- Howe, LJ, et al.
(författare)
-
Within-sibship genome-wide association analyses decrease bias in estimates of direct genetic effects
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 54:65, s. 581-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of unrelated individuals capture effects of inherited variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and relatives (indirect genetic effects). Family-based GWAS designs can control for demographic and indirect genetic effects, but large-scale family datasets have been lacking. We combined data from 178,086 siblings from 19 cohorts to generate population (between-family) and within-sibship (within-family) GWAS estimates for 25 phenotypes. Within-sibship GWAS estimates were smaller than population estimates for height, educational attainment, age at first birth, number of children, cognitive ability, depressive symptoms and smoking. Some differences were observed in downstream SNP heritability, genetic correlations and Mendelian randomization analyses. For example, the within-sibship genetic correlation between educational attainment and body mass index attenuated towards zero. In contrast, analyses of most molecular phenotypes (for example, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) were generally consistent. We also found within-sibship evidence of polygenic adaptation on taller height. Here, we illustrate the importance of family-based GWAS data for phenotypes influenced by demographic and indirect genetic effects.
|
|
| 14. |
- Håfström Dehdari, Sirus, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective abstention in simultaneous elections : Understanding the turnout gap
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Electoral Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-3794 .- 1873-6890. ; 71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If two elections are held at the same day, why do some people choose to vote in one but to abstain in another? We argue that selective abstention is driven by the same factors that determine voter turnout. Our empirical analysis focuses on Sweden where the (aggregate) turnout gap between local and national elections has been about 2–3%. Rich administrative register data reveal that people from higher socio-economic backgrounds, immigrants, women, older individuals, and people who have been less geographically mobile are less likely to selectively abstain.
|
|
| 15. |
- Håfström Dehdari, Sirus, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Ex-Factor : Examining the Gendered Effect of Divorce on Voter Turnout
- 2022
-
Ingår i: American Political Science Review. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0003-0554 .- 1537-5943. ; 116:4, s. 1293-1308
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The absence of a gendered analysis of the effect of marriage on voting is surprising given researchers’ cognizance of the heterogeneous effects of marriage on a range of other social outcomes. In this paper, we shed new light on spousal dependency by studying the gendered effect of marital disruption, in the form of divorce, on voter turnout. First, drawing on Swedish populationwide data, we use the differential timing of divorces in relation to general elections to generate more credible estimates of the causal effect of divorce on turnout. Second, although we find that both sexes are adversely affected by divorce, we show that the effect is much more pronounced for men. Specifically, the long-term effect is almost twice as large for men. Finally, we use these data to show that the gendered effect of divorce is mainly driven by asymmetrical spousal mobilization due to higher levels of turnout among women.
|
|
| 16. |
- Lee, James J, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 50:8, s. 1112-1121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1million individuals and identify 1,271independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of around 0.3% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11-13% of the variance in educational attainment and 7-10% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research.
|
|
| 17. |
- Lindgren, Karl-Oskar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Access to education and political candidacy : Lessons from school openings in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Economics of Education Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7757 .- 1873-7382. ; 69, s. 138-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does availability of education affect who becomes a political representative? Theorists have pointed out that access to education is a key to a well-functioning democracy, but few empirical studies have examined how changes in the access to education influence the chances of becoming a politician. In this paper, we analyze the effects of a large series of school openings in Sweden during the early 20th century, which provided adolescents with better access to secondary education. We use administrative data pertaining to the entire Swedish population born between 1916 and 1945. According to our empirical results, the opening of a new lower secondary school in a municipality increased the baseline probability of running for political office by 10–20%, and the probability of holding office by 20–30%.
|
|
| 18. |
- Lindgren, Karl-Oskar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancing Electoral Equality: Can Education Compensate for Family Background Differences in Voting Participation?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: American Political Science Review. - 0003-0554 .- 1537-5943. ; 113:1, s. 108-122
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 American Political Science Association. It is well documented that voter turnout is lower among persons who grow up in families from a low socioeconomic status compared with persons from high-status families. This paper examines whether reforms in education can help reduce this gap. We establish causality by exploiting a pilot scheme preceding a large reform of Swedish upper secondary education in the early 1990s, which gave rise to exogenous variation in educational attainment between individuals living in different municipalities or born in different years. Similar to recent studies employing credible identification strategies, we fail to find a statistically significant average effect of education on political participation. We move past previous studies, however, and show that the reform nevertheless contributed to narrowing the voting gap between individuals of different social backgrounds by raising turnout among those from low socioeconomic status households. The results thus square well with other recent studies arguing that education is particularly important for uplifting politically marginalized groups.
|
|
| 19. |
- Lindgren, Karl-Oskar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Immigrant Political Representation and Local Ethnic Concentration : Evidence from a Swedish Refugee Placement Program
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Political Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1234 .- 1469-2112. ; 52:3, s. 997-1012
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study leverages population registry data from Sweden to examine whether immigrants who live in areas with a high concentration of ethnic minorities are more or less likely to be nominated for political office. It exploits a refugee placement program in place in Sweden during the late 1980s and early 1990s that restricted refugees' opportunities to freely choose their place of residence. The article presents evidence that immigrants who live in areas with a high ethnic density are less likely to be nominated for political office. The findings have important implications for local integration policies as well as refugee placement policies, as many countries consider local context when resettling refugees.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Lindgren, Karl-Oskar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Perpetuity of the Past : Transmission of Political Inequality across Multiple Generations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: American Political Science Review. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0003-0554 .- 1537-5943. ; 117:3, s. 1004-1018
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a well-established fact, from decades of research on political socialization, that the children of politically active parents are more likely to become politically active themselves. This poses a challenge for democracy, as it means that inequalities in political influence are reproduced across generations. The present study argues that this problem may be more severe than has hitherto been acknowledged. The reason for this is that previous research on the topic has focused almost exclusively on political transmission between parents and their children, whereas the role played by more distant forebears, such as grandparents, has been largely neglected. In this study, we use Swedish register data to analyze multigenerational associations in electoral participation. The empirical results clearly indicate that the traditional two-generation approach to the study of political transmission tends to underestimate intergenerational persistence in voting behavior and that this excess persistence has both genetic and social roots.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Oskarsson, Sven, 1971-
(författare)
-
Att studera regimtyper
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Prometokrati. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144055787 ; , s. 43-69
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
