| 1. |
- Surber, Nicholas, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Implicit Values in the Recent Carbon Nanotube Debate
- 2023
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Ingår i: NanoEthics. - 1871-4757 .- 1871-4765. ; 17:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the first examples of nanotechnology, with a history of promising uses and high expectations. This paper uses the recent debate over their future to explore both ethical and value-laden statements which unsettle the notion of CNTs as a value-free nanotechnology and their regulation as purely a technical affair. A point of departure is made with the inclusion of CNTs on the Substitute-It-Now list by the Swedish NGO ChemSec, an assessment process that anticipates and complements the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation in Europe. An argument map is constructed to illustrate the core contention in the debate—should CNTs be substituted or not—which follows from a systematic literature review and content analysis of sampled journal articles. Nine arguments are articulated that bolster one of two camps: the pro-substitution camp or the contra-substitution camp. Beneath these arguments are a set of three implicit values that animate these two camps in prescribing competing interventions to resolve the dispute: (i) environmental protection and human safety, (ii) good science, and (iii) technological progress. This leads to a discussion around the regulatory problem of safeguarding conflicting values in decision-making under sustained scientific uncertainty. Finally, the study suggests further empirical work on specific nanomaterials in a pivot away from the abstract, promissory nature of nanotechnology and other emerging technologies in science, technology, and innovation policy. The examination of ethics and values is useful for mapping controversies in science and technology studies of regulation, even amongst experts in cognate research fields like nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Benesch, Henric, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Ingreppsfestival
- 2010
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Ingår i: Kanaltorgsgatan, Heurlins plats, Stenpiren, Verkstadsgatan (Göteborg).
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I samband med det forskningsprojektet Ingrepp genomfördes en Ingreppfestival med avseende på att i ett öppet publikt sammanhang diskutera utgångspunkterna forskningsgruppen formulerat i tabloiden Ingrepp – en tidning om städer, planering och konst, vilket delades ut gratis en vecka innan festivalen. I tidningen hittade man läsning kring städer, stadsutveckling, konst och konstnärlig forskning vilken hade bäring på den utvecklingsprocess som pågick och pågår på Södra Älvstranden i Göteborg. Både tabloiden och festivalen var ett direkt uttryck för gruppen vilja att ta ut diskussionen på gatan och i sitt sammanhang, men också ett sätt att pröva konstens och akademins möjligheter att gripa in och delta i samhälleliga skeenden. Festivalen vilken turnerade runt på fyra platser under fyra dagar längs Södra Älvstranden innefattade allt ifrån inbjudna samtal/debatter/seminarier till workshops kring Södra Älvstrandens framtid till tipspromenader, picnics och olika former av performativa iscensättningar under bar himmel.
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| 4. |
- Benesch, Henric, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Re-presenting ruins, visualizing the toxic sublime: Cross-disciplinary collaborations in lens-based art
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Writing in the context of the climate emergency, theorists such as Bruno Latour, Isabelle Stengers and Anna Tsing have embraced a “post-apocalyptic” position (Latour, Stengers, Tsing & Bubandt, 2018). According to this position, our time is one of apocalypse – that is, we are currently experiencing a kind of revelation. What is being revealed to us is the fact that we are from now on destined to inhabit environments – natural, as well as built environments – that are effectively ruins. For Tsing (2015), we need to learn from other species that prosper in ruin landscapes. Re-imagining our environment in this way may generate new political prospects for the coming decades. The recent work of these theorists can be understood as efforts to re-present our place in the world – through texts, but also through the medium of art. Note, for instance, Latour’s regular curating of exhibitions at ZKM in Karlsruhe. Thus, the still-emerging interdisciplinary field of environmental humanities has – to a large degree – gained its popularity through its productive engagement with contemporary art. The ambition to rejuvenate “the sociological imagination” through aesthetics did, nevertheless, emerge before the rise of environmental humanities. (Toscano, 2012) In their recent essay film, Palmås & Sanner (2020) engages with this overall ambition to re-presenting this new world. Specifically, it pursues the proposition of seeing the ruin as a potential architectural model – and as a potential political imaginary – of the present. This proposition is presented alongside earlier examples of architectural models’ connections to political ideas. Thus, the film posits that there is an intimate connection with dominant architectural forms, on the one hand, and socio-political ideas, on the other. It further posits that images and imaginaries are intrinsically tied – indeed, the photographic or cinematographic image act may act as mediator between concrete designs and abstract ideas, between constructions and constructs. However, while architectural forms serve as powerful metaphors for social imaginaries, and while architectural photography has historically been an effective means of promoting such ideas, it may equally be the case that these devices are becoming obsolete. Phenomena like climate change and the proliferation of environmental toxins are sometimes described as “hyper objects” beyond our comprehension. (Morton, 2013) Similarly, artists are turning to computer-aided visualisations and simulations, trying to make sense out of the immense spatial and temporal scales involved in these phenomena. (Kane, 2018) Thus, in the efforts to capture this new “toxic sublime”, traditional lens-based media are now complemented by digital approaches to visualisation. This conversation will thus engage with the following questions: · First, what is the place of architecture – and design, more generally – in providing new models of thought and new political imaginaries? Are concepts like “the ruin” suitable conceptual handles to grasp the present political challenges, or should we look elsewhere for inspiration? · Secondly, what is the role of artistic expression in this re-presentation of the world, and forging of new political imaginaries? Specifically, what is the role of lens-based media? · Thirdly, given the interdisciplinary nature of the work described above, what modes of collaboration are emerging? Which types of knowledge, and which forms of experience are produced? The conversation will be formatted as an online, Zoom-based discussion that starts with interventions from four catalysts – see below for details about these contributors. The 16-minute film Too Late for History to End (Palmås & Sanner, 2020) will be available online for participants who wish to see it beforehand.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory urbanism in Schladming
- 2016
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Ingår i: Deleuze and the City. - 9781474407595 ; , s. 64-78
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Forsemalm, Joakim, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Det urbana stationssamhället Forsknings- och praktikeröversikt
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Järnvägen och järnvägsstationerna har historiskt haft en stor betydelse för kommunikationer och välstånd, inte bara i Sverige, utan även globalt. Den historiska forskningen har belyst betydelsen för kultur, fritid och hushållsliv. Samhällslivets förändring och den fysiska planeringen har också studerats. Under senare år har allt större förhoppningar väckts om järnvägstransporters och stationssamhällens betydelse för tillväxten i samhällsekonomin och för möjligheter till hållbar utveckling och minskad klimatpåverkan. Det finns ett flertal nutida studier som ger en god bild av ekonomiskt värdeskapande utifrån exempelvis köpbeslut. Hur värderar människor närhet till kollektivtrafik och att bo i stationsnära lägen? Det finns forskning som visar att närhet till kollektivtrafik påverkar fastighetsvärden. Det finns också flera undersökningar från senare tid av vilka kvaliteter som resenärer värdesätter i kollektivtrafiken. Däremot har ingen undersökt relationen mellan livsstilsval och motiv för att bo i det hållbara samhället som motsvaras av ett tänkt framtida stationssamhälle. Det goda livet som Västra Götalandsregionen vill ge sina invånare – kan det livet levas i det urbana stationssamhället? Vad för värden kan skapas i nästa generation av stationssamhällen? Vilka preferenser motsvarar det? I denna kunskapsöversikt ger vi en bild av aktuella perspektiv och problem. En viktig fråga som behöver studeras mer är hur stationssamhället värderas som plats för vardagslivet och som lösning på hållbar utveckling. Flera av de stationssamhällen som finns idag etabledes i samband med järnvägens införande. Intresset har nu åter ökat för att utveckla stationssamhällen med möjligheterna till energieffektiva transporter, hållbar samhällsutveckling och regionförstoring med större arbetsmarknad. I kunskapsöversikten visar praktikerexemplen på vilka möjligheter en utveckling av stationerna kan ge och vilka framgångsfaktorerna har varit.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Forsemalm, Joakim, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Station Community Transitions – A Matter of Push or Pull?
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A growing trend in Swedish physical planning and (sub)urban regeneration, as response to the need for more dense urban environments, is the increased focus on Station communities. These environments constitute a possibility for urban regions to grow in a sustainable fashion, at least discursively. In this context, the Gothenburg region - generally planned for car use but with high ambitions in terms of an objective to double the use of public transportation until 2025 – stand before interesting challenges and opportunities. Several major infrastructural projects focusing on commuter traffic are planned for take off within the next decade. These will affect not only the regional center in the shape of a train tunnel under great parts of Gothenburg, but also neighboring municipalities with train stations along the commuter routes into Gothenburg central station.From that background, in this report, three different municipalities, with stations located within a commuter distance of 20 minutes from that central station, are studied through the use of qualitative interviews and in some respect also document studies. Being informed by the same objective (i.e. the “doubling” of public transportation, a regional objective for all municipalities within the Gothenburg region), one could suspect that approaches on how to develop strategic places like communities around commuter train stations would have some resemblance. However, due to great variations in terms of push and pull factors, and not least differences when it comes to protagonists, urban identities and urban values expressed, what works in Mölnlycke in Härryda municipality doesn’t do so in Älvängen in Ale municipality, nor Floda, in Lerum municipality – and vice versa. This study shows that narration is just as important for the construction of station communities as are an advantageous geographical position along strategic train lines.The context of this report is Catch MR (Cooperative approaches to transport challenges in Metropolitan Regions), an Interreg IVC project that has run from 2010 throughout 2012. Catch MR has gathered twelve public partners in seven European regions - Berlin, Budapest, Oslo, Vienna, Rome, Gothenburg and Ljubljana around issues of life quality and competitiveness in urban regions. The study has been conducted as part of the research project Cities as value networks, which is a Mistra Urban Futures project. Mistra Urban Futures is a research and development center with its seat located in Gothenburg, Sweden.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hamilton, Kerstin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The Hambantota Connection: Constructing landscapes, contesting modernity
- 2014
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As China re-emerges as a superpower and Western hegemony wanes, the Indian Ocean has become a geopolitical nexus. In the centre of this new map lies Hambantota, a fishing village on the south coast of Sri Lanka. Here, Chinese capital and labour has been ploughed into the construction of an international airport, a cricket stadium, and what is expected to become the largest port in South Asia. Hambantota seems to fit perfectly into what American and Indian military strategists refer to as the "String of Pearls": a plot of vital infrastructure developments, scattered along the rim of the Indian Ocean. The West no longer represents the only model of development, and there are now alternative versions of modernity that compete with each other. Hambantota can be understood as a microcosm that contains this contested modernity. Drawing upon documentary photography, development geography and economic anthropology, the authors trace connections between local phenomena and global patterns. The Hambantota Connection presents a visual sociology of logistics and livelihoods, of authoritarian leadership and anthropocenic landscapes, and of economic fictions and planetary fluxes. It explores what a place can say about the world, and how the world can be grasped through abstraction and speculation.
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| 11. |
- Henricson, Kristina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The translation of an incubator
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 7th annual conference on social entrepreneurs, NYU Stern, Nov 4-5 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews a social entrepreneurial initiative to set up a solarpoweredincubator in Uganda,initiated by a group of entrepreneurship students, based in Sweden. Using an ActorNetworkTheoryinformedapproach, it surveys how the original aims of the project shifted as it moved fromSweden to Uganda, securing new allies and resources. The paper thus concerns itself with spatialaspects of social entrepreneurial projects, notably how space matters when construing the means bywhich entrepreneurship is to be fostered. It also raises the issue of whether the incubatorasweknowitis a suitable model for the generation of economic activity in lowincomecountries.
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| 12. |
- Henricson, Kristina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The translation of an incubator: the case of the Lighthouse in Bubulo, Uganda
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. - 2000-7396. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews a social entrepreneurial initiative to set up a solar-powered incubator in Bubulo, Uganda, initiated by a group of Sweden-based entrepreneurship students. Using an Actor-Network Theory-informed approach, it addresses the question of how the original aims of the initiative shifted as it moved from Sweden to Uganda, securing new allies and resources. In the tracing of this movement from northern Europe to central Africa, concepts from Actor-Network Theory, such as ‘translation’ and ‘drift’, are drawn upon. Thus, the text deals with spatial aspects of social entrepreneurial projects, heeding the call from Steyaert and Dey, who list ‘spatializing’ as one of ‘nine verbs that can keep the social entrepreneurship research agenda “dangerous”’. The text thus engages in the debate on the merits of business incubation in low-income countries–a topic currently high on the international development policy agenda. The study, it is argued, prompts scholars and policy-makers to shift perspectives when evaluating what this type of initiatives achieve. Rather than ‘creating’ entrepreneurship, projects like the Lighthouse are better seen as efforts to ‘mobilize’ existing activities. Moreover, the article also raises the issue of whether the classic incubator-as-we-know-it is a suitable model for the generation of economic activity in low-income countries.
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| 13. |
- Jörnmark, Jan, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Göteborg - mellan segregation och kreativitet
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här är en studie över Göteborgsregionens utveckling under det senaste seklet, med fokus på de senaste decennierna. Den började som ett arbete med att förstå de kreativa processer som pågår i främst den centrala staden, men på ett tidigt stadium upptäckte vi att dessa delar av Göteborg snarare präglades av växande segregation och att de tendenser som pågått i riktning mot en förtätning hade bromsats sedan början av 2000-talet. I fördjupningen av arbetet blev det tydligt att den försvagning vi kunde skönja hade mycket djupa historiska rötter. Redan från början hade vår studie förankrats i framförallt Jane Jacobs men även Richard Floridas teorier om den täta stadens betydelse. Eftersom internationell teknikspridning blivit ett allt viktigare drag i utvecklingen de senaste decennierna ska det redan här framhållas att Jane Jacobs begrepp importersättning är centralt i arbetet. I korthet kan det sammanfattas som att hon menar att en kritisk del av städers ekonomiska kraft är att de fungerar som idéfönster mot omvärlden. Större nya tekniska genombrott märks först i städer och det är där som de sedan utvecklas genom begreppet ”importersättning”. Detta ska ses som att man utvecklar lokala varianter av det som tidigare kommit utifrån. För att förstå de problem Göteborgsregionen mött under de senaste decennierna är det därför nödvändigt att se hur motsvarande processer sett ut i andra europeiska och amerikanska städer. Inte minst gör det senaste decenniets uppbromsning att jämförande studier ter sig nödvändiga. Men mest fruktbart är det att jämföra Göteborg med Stockholm. De båda städerna delar institutionellt ramverk (lagsystem), kapitalmarknad och politiskt möjliga val, vilket gör att de kan förväntas ligga mycket nära varandras utveckling under hela den undersökta perioden. Så är också fallet, vilket gör de skillnader som visat sig vid olika tidpunkter än mer intressanta. I samtliga dessa jämförelser blev det tydligt att de senaste fyra decennierna erbjudit helt annorlunda möjligheter än den period som föregick dem. Mitten av 1970-talet är en avgörande brytpunkt. Rötterna till denna förändring kan skönjas tillbaka till andra halvan av 1950-talet, när den process som fram till dess oavbrutet lett till att städer växt genom en extensiv utbredning börjar luckras upp. Ända sedan dess kan vi se ett tryck mot förändrade institutionella regler på så skilda platser som i Frankfurt och Los Angeles. Förändringen har naturligtvis även mött svenska stadsbyggnadsaktörer. Fullt ut kom dock inte dessa tendenser att slå ut förrän under den senare halvan av 1970-talet. De har fördjupats ända sedan dess och kan sammanfattas som att diversiteten i den urbana utvecklingsprocessen ökat. Av olika skäl är det uppenbart att Göteborg släpat efter i denna utveckling. Inte minst har den starka betoningen av regionförstoring snarare än förtätning varit olycklig. Slutresultatet har blivit att de problem vi skrev om i inledningen blivit ett allt värre problem för staden.
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| 14. |
- Kullenberg, Christopher, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Contagiontology
- 2009
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Ingår i: Eurozine.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Kullenberg, Christopher, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Silence Fiction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Expressen (20080916).
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lee, Francis, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Caring for the monstrous algorithm: attending to wrinkly worlds and relationalities in an algorithmic society
- 2023
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This text proposes that we, social analysts of algorithms, need to develop a split vision for the algorithm-as-technological-object and the algorithm-as-assemblage in order to effectively attend to, analyze, and critique algorithms in society. The point of departure is that we need to distance ourselves from a simplified and reductive understanding of algorithms-as-objects, and care for them as part of a relational algorithmic assemblage. A simplified notion of algorithms is problematic for two reasons: First, as it produces a reductive notion of the world where decision makers point to algorithms-as-objects to make simplified decisions about the world. Second, by taking a simplified and delineated object called “algorithm” as the point of departure for analysis and critique in an algorithmic society, we risk producing technologically deterministic understandings of complex and composite problems. We illustrate this argument through two example drawn from the handling of Covid-19 pandemic, where we attend to a universalist mathematical epidemiology and the particularities of field epidemiology to problematize how we should care for, understand, and analyze algorithms in society.
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| 18. |
- Lee, Francis, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Travelling Algorithms | Traveling Ontologies
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Classification and valuation in today’s society is increasingly done by computer systems and algorithms (Fourcade and Healy 2017). For example, algorithms are used to automatically identify people in surveillance (Neyland 2018), to calculate the risk of disease transmission (Lee 2017), and to assess the risk of recidivism (Kirkpatrick 2016). But algorithms do not create passive depictions of phenomena, they also change how things are classified, valued and handled in practice. For instance how new understandings of the progress of a disease are created when algorithms are used to analyze an infection: The veracity of AIDS patients’ stories can be questioned when their accounts are compared to an algorithmically calculated "normal" disease progression (Lee et al. 2019). Algorithms thus not only depict phenomena in society, but also change how they are understood and handled. Algorithms are performative (Introna 2011). An important aspect of this development is that algorithms are often treated as if they were domain independent—as if they could be translated without friction between different areas of society (Ribes et al. 2019). For example, a US computer system for predictive policing, Predpol, uses an algorithm developed to predict aftershocks to predict future crimes. An algorithm from geology is consequently translated into software that organizes law enforcement (Benbouzid 2019). In sum, algorithms are often translated between different domains and spread different ways of classifying, valuing, and organizing the world. The paper discusses how we can theorize how algorithms travel (cf. Lee and Björklund Larsen 2019). The point of departure is that algorithms fold different things together (Lee et al. 2019): algorithms, ground truth data sets, models, methods, and objects. And that these foldings travel between domains. This approach allows a description of how algorithmic relations reconfigure social and natural phenomena and the social, ethical normative and political consequences of these reconfigurations. Do the algorithms betray and reshape the original ontologies in their new contexts (Law 1997)? Do they then become performative of a particular ontology: That is, as they travel if and how do they reshape the phenomena they are designed to handle (MacKenzie 2003; Introna 2011). The point of departure is to use these two types of algorithms—Agent Based Models (ABM) and Behavioral Algorithms (BA)—as a springboard to theorize the performativity of algorithms in society. The two families of algorithms can be understood as being the inverse of each other: ABM constructs models in a bottom-up fashion, in which the characteristics of particular computational agents are programmed into each algorithm. In contrast, BA are agnostic about the characteristics of an agent, construing action merely as stimuli/response without developing theories about the characteristics of the agent. The two families can consequently be understood to represent two diverging ontological conceptions of complexity: ABM is based on the idea of emergence, and thus a romantic view of complexity, whereas behaviourist algorithms are more aligned with a baroque view of complexity (Kwa 2002).
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| 19. |
- Lindberg, Jonas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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De levande samhällenas röveri
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ord & Bild. - 0030-4492. ; 2012:1-2, s. 4-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lindberg, Jonas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Winning the hearts and minds of farmers: Institutionalised innovation diffusion in Sri Lanka
- 2013
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B. Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 95:4, s. 339-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classical diffusion research, both in geography and sociology, received considerable criticism in the 1970s and 1980s, but after that the diffusion debate has faded away. At the same time, one of the earliest contributors to diffusion research, Gabriel Tarde, is now attracting the attention of both geographers and sociologists. Drawing from earlier experiences with agricultural extension and the Green Revolution, this Tarde-inspired article aims to revitalize the diffusion debate through an ethnographic case study of extension practices in Hambantota District, Sri Lanka. The study is based on field material collected between 2009 and 2011, which includes semi-structured interviews with representatives from various spread agencies – government agricultural instructors, NGOs, social enterprises, and the inorganic industry – as well as with farmers and other key informants. Following the recent work of Nigel Thrift, it is argued that such an approach to the study of innovation diffusion can be a way of uncovering ‘the political economy of propensity’. The article suggests that a return to Tarde should not lead researchers back into naïve diffusionism, or towards a position that blames traditionalist farmers for non-diffusion. Non-human actors can also exhibit resistance and sociality: innovations travel through a landscape which is both human and non-human, and the spread of organic farming practices is configured by both bonds of trust among farmers and bonds of chemicals in the soil. Furthermore, it contends that future research may interrogate the ways in which the very medium of diffusion is being reconfigured, following actors’ institutionalization of innovation diffusion methods.
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| 25. |
- Molnar, Stefan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Dissonance and diplomacy: coordination of conflicting values in urban co-design
- 2022
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Ingår i: CoDesign. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1571-0882 .- 1745-3755. ; 18:4, s. 416-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on values in co-design processes, by introducing concepts from the emerging field of valuation studies. Using the work of David Stark and Ignacio Farías as an entry point to this perspective, it shows how co-design can be understood as a collective process of finding negotiated settlements among conflicting accounts of value, through practices of coordination. This idea is illustrated by a case in which co-design is mobilised as a tool for developing and governing ‘active frontages’ in a regenerating district in Gothenburg, Sweden. The article shows how the valuation studies perspective relates to, and in part differs from, other approaches to collaborative and participatory design. While sharing some of the intuitions of both agonism- and actor-network theory-informed approaches, its front-staging of practices and principles of valuation does nevertheless provide an alternative perspective on co-design. The valuation approach depicts co-design processes as a negotiation-based search for settlements, which suspends rather than solves value conflicts. Thus, co-design may be construed as a form of diplomacy, which operates within certain political limits of designerly peacemaking.
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