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- Hildenwall, H, et al.
(author)
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Care-seeking in the development of severe community acquired pneumonia in Ugandan children
- 2009
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In: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. - 0272-4936 .- 1465-3281. ; 29:4, s. 281-289
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Improved case management of paediatric pneumonia is recognised as a key strategy for pneumonia control. Since symptoms of pneumonia and malaria often overlap, there are concerns that children with pneumonia are treated with antimalarial drugs. There is a need to describe how children with severe pneumonia have been managed prior to their arrival at hospital, including possible risks of developing more severe disease. Methods: A case-series study of 140 children, aged 2-59 months, with severe radiologically verified pneumonia at Mulago Hospital, Kampala was undertaken. Caretakers were interviewed about initial symptoms, treatment given and care sought. Using WHO definitions, children were clinically classified as having severe or very severe pneumonia. Results: The children had been ill for a median of 7 days before arrival at hospital, 90/140 (64%) had received treatment at home, and 72/140 (51%) had seen another health-care provider prior to presentation at hospital. Altogether, 32/140 (23%) children had reportedly received antibiotics only prior to admission, 18/140 (13%) had received anti-malarials only and 35/140 (25%) had received both. Being classified as very severe pneumonia was more common among children who had received anti-malarials only ( OR 5.5, 1.8-16.4). Conclusions: Although the majority of caretakers were able to recognise the key symptoms of pneumonia, they did not respond with any immediate care-giving action. Since progression from first recognition of pneumonia symptoms to severe disease is rapid, management guidelines regarding timing of care-seeking need to be clearly defined. The reason why children who sought health facility care failed to improve should be investigated. Meanwhile, there is a need to increase caretakers' and health workers' awareness of the urgency to act promptly when key pneumonia symptoms are observed.
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- Mukanga, D., et al.
(author)
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Can lay community health workers be trained to use diagnostics to distinguish and treat malaria and pneumonia in children? : Lessons from rural Uganda
- 2011
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In: Tropical medicine & international health. - : Wiley. - 1360-2276 .- 1365-3156. ; 16:10, s. 1234-1242
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To determine the competence of community health workers (CHWs) to correctly assess, classify and treat malaria and pneumonia among under-five children after training. METHODS Consultations of 182 under-fives by 14 CHWs in Iganga district, Uganda, were observed using standardised checklists. Each CHW saw 13 febrile children. Two paediatricians observed CHWs' assessment, classification and prescription of treatment, while a laboratory scientist assessed CHW use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The validity of CHWs' use of RDTs to detect malaria and respiratory timers to diagnose pneumonia was estimated using a laboratory scientist's RDT repeat reading and a paediatrician's repeat count of the respiratory rate, respectively. RESULTS From the 182 consultations, overall CHWs' performance was adequate in taking history (97%), use (following procedures prior to reading result) of timers (96%) and use of RDTs (96%), but inadequate in classification (87%). Breath readings (classified as fast or normal) were 85% in agreement with the paediatrician (kappa = 0.665, P < 0.001). All RDT readings were in agreement with those obtained by the laboratory scientist. Ninety-six per cent (85/89) of children with a positive RDT were prescribed an antimalarial drug, 40% (4/10) with fast breathing (gold standard) were prescribed an antibiotic and 91% (48/53) with both were prescribed both medicines. CONCLUSION Community health workers can be trained to use RDTs and timers to assess and manage malaria and pneumonia in children. We recommend integration of these diagnostics into community case management of fever. CHWs require enhanced practice in counting respiratory rates and simple job aides to enable them make a classification without thinking deeply about several assessment results.
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- Buregyeya, E, et al.
(author)
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Tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes and health-seeking behaviour in rural Uganda
- 2011
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In: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - : International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1815-7920. ; 15:7, s. 938-942
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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