| 1. |
- Widén, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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How Communicating Polygenic and Clinical Risk for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Impacts Health Behavior : an Observational Follow-up Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine. - 2574-8300. ; 15:2, s. 003459-003459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prediction tools that combine polygenic risk scores with clinical factors provide a new opportunity for improved prediction and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the clinical utility of polygenic risk score has remained unclear. Methods: We collected a prospective cohort of 7342 individuals (64% women, mean age 56 years) and estimated their 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease both by a traditional risk score and a composite score combining the effect of a polygenic risk score and clinical risk factors. We then tested how returning the personal risk information with an interactive web-tool impacted on the participants' health behavior. Results: When reassessed after 1.5 years by a clinical visit and questionnaires, 20.8% of individuals at high (>10%) 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk had seen a doctor, 12.4% reported weight loss, 14.2% of smokers had quit smoking, and 15.4% had signed up for health coaching online. Altogether, 42.6% of persons at high risk had made one or more health behavioral changes versus 33.5% of persons at low/average risk such that higher baseline risk predicted a favorable change (OR [CI], 1.53 [1.37-1.72] for persons at high risk versus the rest, P<0.001), with both high clinical (P<0.001) and genomic risk (OR [CI], 1.10 [1.03-1.17], P=0.003) contributing independently. Conclusions: Web-based communication of personal atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk-data including polygenic risk to middle-aged persons motivates positive changes in health behavior and the propensity to seek care. It supports integration of genomic information into clinical risk calculators as a feasible approach to enhance disease prevention.
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| 2. |
- Barbron, Marie-Claude, et al.
(författare)
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Meta and pooled analysis of European coeliac disease data
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 11:11, s. 828-834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four full genome scans have been carried out by the partners of the European cluster on coeliac disease as well as follow-up studies of candidate regions. No region outside HLA showed significant linkage to the disease in any single study. We first applied a meta-analysis based on a modification of Genome Screen Meta-Analysis to take into account the different linkage statistics, the arbitrariness of bin cutoff points, as well as the sample size of each study. We then performed a pooled linkage analysis of all families and raw genotypes. Besides the HLA region, already known to harbour a risk factor for coeliac disease, both approaches leave very little doubt on the presence of a genetic risk factor in the 5q31-33 region. This region was suggested by several individual studies, but did not reach statistical values high enough to be conclusive when data sets were analysed separately.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Chetty, Sylvie K., et al.
(författare)
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Contextualising case studies in entrepreneurship : A tandem approach to conducting a longitudinal cross-country case study
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Small Business Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 0266-2426 .- 1741-2870. ; 32:7, s. 818-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using predictive and effectuation logics as a framework, this research note explains how case study research was conducted to demonstrate rigour and relevance. The study involves a longitudinal cross-country case study on small and medium-sized firm growth and networks undertaken by research teams in three countries (Finland, Denmark and New Zealand) involving 33 firms. This research note outlines the implications of this research and provides valuable guidance and reflections upon opportunities for future research regarding the conduct of contextual studies in entrepreneurship without compromising validity and reliability.
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| 5. |
- Hyvärinen, Kati, et al.
(författare)
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A machine-learning method for biobank-scale genetic prediction of blood group antigens
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLoS Computational Biology. - 1553-734X. ; 20:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key element for successful blood transfusion is compatibility of the patient and donor red blood cell (RBC) antigens. Precise antigen matching reduces the risk for immunization and other adverse transfusion outcomes. RBC antigens are encoded by specific genes, which allows developing computational methods for determining antigens from genomic data. We describe here a classification method for determining RBC antigens from genotyping array data. Random forest models for 39 RBC antigens in 14 blood group systems and for human platelet antigen (HPA)-1 were trained and tested using genotype and RBC antigen and HPA-1 typing data available for 1,192 blood donors in the Finnish Blood Service Biobank. The algorithm and models were further evaluated using a validation cohort of 111,667 Danish blood donors. In the Finnish test data set, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) balanced accuracy for 39 models was 99.9 (98.9-100)%. We were able to replicate 34 out of 39 Finnish models in the Danish cohort and the median (IQR) balanced accuracy for classifications was 97.1 (90.1-99.4)%. When applying models trained with the Danish cohort, the median (IQR) balanced accuracy for the 40 Danish models in the Danish test data set was 99.3 (95.1-99.8)%. The RBC antigen and HPA-1 prediction models demonstrated high overall accuracies suitable for probabilistic determination of blood groups and HPA-1 at biobank- scale. Furthermore, population-specific training cohort increased the accuracies of the models. This stand-alone and freely available method is applicable for research and screening for antigen-negative blood donors.
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| 6. |
- Joda, Hamdi, et al.
(författare)
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Low-medium resolution HLA-DQ2/DQ8 typing for coeliac disease predisposition analysis by colorimetric assay
- 2012
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 403:3, s. 807-819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coeliac disease is an inflammation of the small intestine, occurring in genetically susceptible individuals triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 gene have been identified as key genetic factors in coeliac disease as they are presented in almost 100 % of the patients. These genes are encoded by the combination of certain alleles in the DQA and DQB region of chromosome 6. Specifically, DQA1*05:01 and DQB1*02:01 alleles for serologically defined leukocyte antigen DQ2 cis, DQA1*05:05 and DQB1*02:02 for DQ2 trans and DQA1*03:01 and DQB1*03:02 alleles for the DQ8. Specific identification of these alleles is a challenge due to the high number of alleles that have been identified so far: 46 in the DQA region and 160 in the DQB region (as of IMGT/HLA Database 10/2011 release). In the reported work, the development of a multiplex colorimetric assay for the low to medium HLA typing of the DQ2 and DQ8 genes is presented. The optimisation of probe design and assay conditions, performed by both surface plasmon resonance and enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay, are reported. Finally, the performances of the developed typing platform were validated by the analysis of real patient samples and HLA typing, compared with those obtained using hospital based typing technology and an excellent correlation obtained.
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| 7. |
- Joda, Hamdi, et al.
(författare)
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Medium-high resolution electrochemical genotyping of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 for detection of predisposition to coeliac disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 406:12, s. 2757-2769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coeliac disease is a small intestinal disorder, induced by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Coeliac disease has been strongly linked to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) located on chromosome 6, with almost 100 % of coeliac disease sufferers carrying either a HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 heterodimer, with the majority carrying HLA-DQ2 encoded by the DQA1*05:01/05:05, DQB1*02:01/02:02 alleles, whereas the remaining carry the HLA-DQ8 encoded by the DQA1*03:01, DQB1*03:02 alleles. In this work, we present the development of a multiplex electrochemical genosensor array of 36 electrodes, housed within a dedicated microfluidic platform and using a total of 10 sequence-specific probes for rapid medium-high resolution HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotyping. An evaluation of the selectivity of the designed probes was carried out with the target sequences and 44 potentially interfering alleles, including single base mismatch differentiations; good selectivity was demonstrated. The performance of the electrochemical genosensor array was validated, analyzing real human samples for the presence of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 alleles, and compared with those obtained using laboratory-based HLA typing, and an excellent correlation was obtained.
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| 8. |
- Kivimäki, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change, Summer Temperature, and Heat-Related Mortality in Finland : Multicohort Study with Projections for a Sustainable vs. Fossil-Fueled Future to 2050
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : EHP Publishing. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 131:12, s. 1270201-1-1270201-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Climate change scenarios illustrate various pathways in terms of global warming ranging from "sustainable development" (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP1-1.9), the best-case scenario, to 'fossil-fueled development' (SSP5-8.5), the worst-case scenario. OBJECTIVES: We examined the extent to which increase in daily average urban summer temperature is associated with future cause-specific mortality and projected heat-related mortality burden for the current warming trend and these two scenarios. METHODS: We did an observational cohort study of 363,754 participants living in six cities in Finland. Using residential addresses, participants were linked to daily temperature records and electronic death records from national registries during summers (1 May to 30 September) 2000 to 2018. For each day of observation, heat index (average daily air temperature weighted by humidity) for the preceding 7 d was calculated for participants' residential area using a geographic grid at a spatial resolution of formula presented . We examined associations of the summer heat index with risk of death by cause for all participants adjusting for a wide range of individual-level covariates and in subsidiary analyses using case-crossover design, computed the related period population attributable fraction (PAF), and projected change in PAF from summers 2000-2018 compared with those in 2030-2050. RESULTS: During a cohort total exposure period of 582,111,979 summer days (3,880,746 person-summers), we recorded 4,094 deaths, including 949 from cardiovascular disease. The multivariable-adjusted rate ratio (RR) for high (formula presented ) vs. reference (formula presented ) heat index was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.27) for cardiovascular mortality, but it did not reach statistical significance for noncardiovascular deaths, formula presented (95% CI: 0.96, 1.36), a finding replicated in case-crossover analysis. According to projections for 2030-2050, PAF of summertime cardiovascular mortality attributable to high heat will be 4.4% (1.8%-7.3%) under the sustainable development scenario, but 7.6% (3.2%-12.3%) under the fossil-fueled development scenario. In the six cities, the estimated annual number of summertime heat-related cardiovascular deaths under the two scenarios will be 174 and 298 for a total population of 1,759,468 people. DISCUSSION: The increase in average urban summer temperature will raise heat-related cardiovascular mortality burden. The estimated magnitude of this burden is formula presented times greater if future climate change is driven by fossil fuels rather than sustainable development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12080.
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| 9. |
- Kohtamäki, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Co-creating value from knowledge-intensive business services in manufacturing firms : The moderating role of relationship learning in supplier–customer interactions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 69:7, s. 2498-2506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study seeks evidence for a positive moderating role of relationship learning in the relation between manufacturing firms' knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), i.e., product-related services for developing customized solutions, and firms' customer-specific sales performance. Our findings from a survey of 91 supplier–customer relationships indicate that KIBS offerings do not generate performance per se; instead, supplier–customer relationships must be characterized by relationship learning to co-create value from the supplier's KIBS offerings. Our findings extend the literature on industrial service businesses by shedding a more nuanced light on the core activities that enable value co-creation and value appropriation in the KIBS context
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| 10. |
- Kohtamäki, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Making a profit with R&D services : The critical role of relational capital
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 42:1, s. 71-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Services are expected to become the key source of profit and competitive advantage for industrial firms in the transition from product business to customized and integrated solutions. At the core of this transformation are complex and knowledge-intensive R&D services that enable the customization of solutions, and particularly the relational capabilities needed for R&D service interactions. However, little research has been conducted on the profitability of suppliers' R&D services and the factors that facilitate profit generation from such complex and knowledge-intensive services. Our primary aim is to identify the factors that influence the relationship between R&D services and suppliers' profit performance in customer relationships. Using data from 91 supplier-customer relationships, the study demonstrates how the relational form of social capital (relational capital) facilitates the profit impact of R&D services in the supplier-customer relationship. The results contribute to the study of industrial servitization, R&D service interactions, and the factors that facilitate financial value creation via complex and knowledge-intensive services by industrial suppliers. The results enhance the study of service networks, R&D collaboration, alliance capabilities, industrial marketing, and inter-organizational networks.
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| 11. |
- Kohtamäki, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Non-linear relationship between industrial service offering and sales growth : The moderating role of network capabilities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 42:8, s. 1374-1385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an effort to approach the mixed findings regarding the relationship between a firm’s industrial service offering and its performance, this study analyzes the impact of the industrial service offering on sales growth and the moderating role of network capabilities. The proposed research model is tested based on data from 91 Finnish manufacturing firms. Our results demonstrate a non-linear effect of the service offering on sales growth. We also find that network capabilities enhance the effect of the service offering on sales growth. For managers of manufacturing firms, the results imply that the active development of a comprehensive service offering should be implemented in conjunction with the development of organizational capabilities, such as network capabilities, to create value and promote improved performance.
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| 12. |
- Kohtamäki, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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The mediating-moderating role of network capability in service strategy : sales performance link
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corresponding to calls for studies to test important links between industrial service offerings and company sales performance, this study tests the role of two mediating constructs, service performance and network capability for traditional manufacturing companies that have started to add services to their product offerings. Moreover, this study tests the moderating role of network capability on the service offering – service performance as well as service offering – company sales performance links to highlight the interaction between implementation of industrial service strategy and service structure. We reasoned that these moderators would be important especially in times of economic downturn, whereby we collected data of how traditional manufacturing companies succeeded with implementation of extensive service strategies during the significant economic downturn the last couple of years. Through application of structural modeling and generalizable data of 115 Finnish product manufacturing companies, the findings confirm the hypothesized mediating role of service performance in the service strategy – company sales performance relationship for product manufacturers migrating from product manufacturing towards service business, and implementing service strategy suggesting that services can actually provide counter-cyclical, resistant and more stable source of revenues than products. In addition, the results confirm that implementation of service strategy facilitates the development of important network capabilities, which then further increase company sales performance. Most importantly, the results highlight the interaction between service strategy and network capability suggesting that network capability enables value creation from service offerings, as network capability moderates the service offering – service performance as well as service offering – company sales performance linkages. For manufacturing managers thinking of adding services to their operations, the results suggest that active development of service offerings in interaction with customers is important to effectively implement service strategy and to develop the necessary network capabilities needed to secure improvements in company sales performance for such a change of business operations.
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| 13. |
- Kohtamäki, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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The performance impact of industrial services and service orientation on manufacturing companies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of service theory and practice. - 2055-6225 .- 2055-6233. ; 25:4, s. 463-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeProduct-manufacturing firms are increasingly positioning themselves as providers of industrial services and solutions. Despite the increasing conceptual interest in industrial services, empirical evidence about the factors that mediate the relationships between industrial services and firm performance remains limited. This paper investigates the relationship between industrial service offerings, service orientation and firm sales and profit performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from 115 manufacturing firms and adopts a structural equation modeling technique to test a set of hypotheses on service offerings, service orientation and company sales and profit performance.FindingsThe results underline the importance of implementing service orientation in employees’ behavior, recruitment, training and assessment. Service orientation is demonstrated as an essential mediator for the relationship between service offerings, revenues and profits. The results therefore suggest that both service offerings and service orientation are important when manufacturing companies attempt to position themselves as industrial service providers. Research limitations/implicationsGiven the limitations of the sample collected from the Finnish manufacturing industry, future studies could refine the measures and investigate the applicability of the results in other contexts. Practical implicationsThe results suggest that developing a service orientation is vital for manufacturing companies to profit from increased offerings of industrial services. Because nurturing service orientation is a central enabler of the impact of service offerings on sales and profit performance, it is in the interests of manufacturing firms moving towards a servitized business model to develop training, compensation, and recruitment policies.Originality/valueThe study establishes a link between service offerings, service orientation, sales and profit performance in manufacturing firms. This is among the first studies to provide statistical evidence to support claims that even manufacturing firms can benefit from developing integrated product-service solutions.
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| 14. |
- Kreutzman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene profile predicts good molecular response to dasatinib therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Experimental Hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2399 .- 0301-472X. ; 40:11, s. 906-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have greatly improved the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In addition to direct kinase inhibition, their effects can also be mediated through immune modulation, such as expansion of cytotoxic T and natural-killer cells observed during dasatinib therapy. As natural-killer cell and partially CD8(+) T-cell function are regulated by killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), we studied whether the KIR gene profile is associated with clinical therapy response in dasatinib-treated CML patients (n = 191). In first-line patients, the absence of the inhibitory KIR2DL5A (p = 0.0489), 2DL5B (p = 0.030), and 2DL5all (p = 0.0272) genes were associated with improved molecular response at the 12-month time point. In addition, the same trend was seen with two activating KIR genes, 2DS1 (p = 0.061) and 2DS2 (p = 0.071). Furthermore, when patients were clustered into two groups by their KIR gene profile, the BCR-ABL1 transcript levels differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.047), showing that patients who lacked several KIR genes had better response. The comparison of first-line and second-line patients did not show any significant differences in either KIR or human leukocyte antigen genotypes. Our results show that immunogenetic factors, such as the KIR gene profile, can play a role in tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy response. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the functional significance of KIR genes associated with treatment outcomes. (C) 2012 ISEH - Society for Hematology and Stem Cells. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 15. |
- Morin, Andreanne, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring rare and low-frequency variants in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean population identified genes associated with asthma and allergy traits
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 27:1, s. 90-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) region is located in northeastern Quebec and is known for its unique demographic history and founder effect. As founder populations are enriched with population-specific variants, we characterized the variants distribution in SLSJ and compared it with four European populations (Finnish, Sweden, United Kingdom and France), of which the Finnish population is another founder population. Targeted sequencing of the coding and non-coding immune regulatory regions of the SLSJ asthma familial cohort and the four European populations were performed. Rare and low-frequency coding and non-coding regulatory variants identified in the SLSJ population were then investigated for variant-and gene-level associations with asthma and allergy-related traits (eosinophil percentage, immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and lung function). Our data showed that (1) rare or deleterious variants were not enriched in the two founder populations as compared with the three non-founder European populations; (2) a larger proportion of founder population-specific variants occurred with higher frequencies; and (3) low-frequency variants appeared to be more deleterious. Furthermore, a rare variant, rs1386931, located in the 3'-UTR of CXCR6 and intron of FYCO1 was found to be associated with eosinophil percentage. Gene-based analyses identified NRP2, MRPL44 and SERPINE2 to be associated with various asthma and allergy-related traits. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of using a founder population to identify new genes associated with asthma and allergy-related traits; thus better understand the genes and pathways implicated in pathophysiology.
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| 16. |
- Oksanen, Aino Mirjam, et al.
(författare)
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Immunogenetic characteristics of patients with autoimmune gastritis
- 2010
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 16:3, s. 354-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore whether predisposition to autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is found in human leukocyte antigen (HLA), cytokine or killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene variations. METHODS: Twelve Finnish patients with autoimmune-type severe atrophy of the gastric corpus were included. The patients' serum was analyzed for pepsinogen I and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies. DNA was separated and the patients were genotyped for HLA-A, B, Cw, DRB1 and DQB1 antigens, and studied for single nucleotide polymorphisms for the following cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1 gene cluster, IL-2, IL-4, IL 6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon gamma, transforming growth factor beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Variation in KIR genes was also explored. The results were compared with prevalence of the polymorphisms in Finnish or European populations. RESULTS: All patients had pepsinogen I levels below normal (mean: 11 mu g/L, range: < 5 to 25 mu g/L). Three patients had elevated H. pylori IgG antibodies, while H. pylori serology was negative in the rest of the patients. AIG patients carried significantly more often HLA-DRB1*04 (58%) and DQB1*03 (83%) than the general Finnish population did (28% and 51%, respectively; P = 0.045 and 0.034 by the Fisher's exact test). No patient was positive for HLA-B8-DRB1*03, a well-established autoimmune marker. Neither cytokine polymorphisms nor KIR gene variation showed association with AIG. CONCLUSION: As explored with modern DNA-based methods, HLA-DRB1*04 and DQB1*03 alleles, but not HLA-B8-DRB1*03, may predispose to AIG.
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| 17. |
- Partanen, Jukka, et al.
(författare)
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Developing and validating a multi-dimensional scale for operationalizing industrial service offering
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 32:2, s. 295-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a new scale for measuring the scope (i.e., breadth and depth) of industrial service offering.Design/methodology/approachThe scale and its constructs are developed by (1) combining the key insights from prior literature and practitioners gained through expert interviews; (2) validating the constructs by three item-construct validation rounds with nine academic experts; and (3) by testing and further revising the scale, with a sample of 91 manufacturing firms.FindingsThe distinct contribution of the study is the construction and validation of a new multi-dimensional scale for operationalizing the scope of industrial service offering. In addition, the identified service categories (i.e., pre-sales services, product support services, product life-cycle services, R&D services, and operational services) extend the current literature on service typologiesResearch limitations/implicationsThe data is somewhat biased towards small and medium-sized industrial firms. Hence, the development of the measurement in the context of large industrial firms provides one fruitful avenue for further research.Practical implicationsFor managers of industrial firms, the identified service categories provide novel insight on how to develop, bundle and commercialize industrial services to their varying customer segments.Originality/valueThis study develops a multi-dimensional, fine-grained, statistical and relationship-level scale for measuring the scope of industrial service business. Moreover, this study tests and further develops the scale with quantitative empirical data.
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| 18. |
- Partanen, Jukka, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation Types and Network Relationships
- 2014
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship. - : SAGE Publications. - 1042-2587 .- 1540-6520. ; 38:5, s. 1027-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine network relationships, particularly the type and strength of these relationships and how firms use them in order to commercialize different types of innovations. We conduct an in-depth case study of four small firms to provide insight on how and why a portfolio of network relationships (e.g., suppliers, distributors, customers, and research institutes) helps small new innovative firms to gain resources. We develop a framework of four innovation types and expand on how successful commercialization for each innovation type requires certain types and strength of relationships. Both types (systemic and autonomous) of radical innovations require strong collaborative ties with customers, whereas incremental innovations are commercialized through different types of downstream networks.
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| 19. |
- Partanen, Jukka, et al.
(författare)
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Supply chain ambidexterity and manufacturing SME performance : The moderating roles of network capability and strategic information flow
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizational ambidexterity is the simultaneous act of exploiting existing competences and exploring new opportunities. Prior studies suggest that resource-constrained SMEs cannot successfully pursue simultaneous interorganizational ambidexterity but need to rely on functionally separated alliances (i.e., alliances based on their value chain function such as explorative R&D alliances or exploitative commercialization alliances) to achieve ambidexterity. Yet, others propose that ambidexterity can occur within the functional domain of a supply chain. We investigate the relationships among supply chain ambidexterity, network capabilities, strategic information flow, and firm performance. In a sample of manufacturing SMEs in Sweden, we hypothesize the direct association between supply chain ambidexterity and performance and the moderating effect of network capabilities and strategic information flow. By testing our hypotheses in a sample of 200 manufacturing SMEs, we show that supply chain ambidexterity decreases firm performance; however, network capabilities and strategic information flow with their supply chain partners help mitigate this negative relationship. The present study advances understanding of ambidextrous interorganizational collaboration and alliances in general and supply chain ambidexterity of manufacturing SMEs in particular. In contexts where supply chain ambidexterity is negatively associated with performance, network capabilities and strategic information flow may be necessary to lower the negative effects.
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| 20. |
- Tuomi, Tiinamaija, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulin-dependent diabetes in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 81:4, s. 1488-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the association of autoimmunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and IDDM-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types, we studied a unique group of 47 patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, a recessive disease not associated with HLA. GAD65 antibodies (GAD65-Ab), GAD67-Ab, islet cell antibodies, and HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 were analyzed in relation to IDDM or a decreased insulin secretory capacity. GAD65-Ab were found in six of the eight diabetic patients 0.9-8.0 yr before the onset of IDDM and in 16 (41%) nondiabetic patients during a follow-up of 2.4-19.5 yr. Eleven (28%) nondiabetic patients had GAD67-Ab and islet cell antibodies. Fasting C peptide (mean ± SD, 0.5 ± 0.24 vs. 1.03 ± 0.49 nmol/L; P = 0.003) and first phase insulin response (75.6 ± 37.9 vs. 166.4 ± 112.7 mU/L; P = 0.019) were lower in patients with than in those without GAD65-Ab. No HLA genotype predominated in the IDDM patients or GAD65-Ab-positive nondiabetic patients, but the IDDM high risk genotypes were decreased in frequency among the patients with GAD65-Ab. In conclusion, nondiabetic autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 patients frequently have GAD65-Ab together with a decreased insulin secretory capacity, suggesting subclinical islet cell inflammation not invariably progressing to diabetes. This is not associated with HLA haplotypes conferring susceptibility to or protection from IDDM.
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| 21. |
- Zhou, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative : Powering genetic discovery across human disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell Genomics. - : Elsevier. - 2666-979X. ; 2:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biobanks facilitate genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which have mapped genomic loci across a range of human diseases and traits. However, most biobanks are primarily composed of individuals of European ancestry. We introduce the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI)-a collaborative network of 23 biobanks from 4 continents representing more than 2.2 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic health records. GBMI meta-analyzes summary statistics from GWASs generated using harmonized genotypes and phenotypes from member biobanks for 14 exemplar diseases and endpoints. This strategy validates that GWASs conducted in diverse biobanks can be integrated despite heterogeneity in case definitions, recruitment strategies, and baseline characteristics. This collaborative effort improves GWAS power for diseases, benefits understudied diseases, and improves risk prediction while also enabling the nomination of disease genes and drug candidates by incorporating gene and protein expression data and providing insight into the underlying biology of human diseases and traits.
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