| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Almon, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat and dairy product intake in lactase persistent and non-persistent children and adolescents
- 2010
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - Järfälla, Sweden : Co-action Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals may be lactose intolerant and therefore on a more restricted diet concerning milk and milk products compared to lactase persistent (LP) individuals. This may have an impact on body fat mass.Objective This study examines if LP and LNP children and adolescents, defined by genotyping for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism, differ from each other with regard to milk and milk product intake, and measures of body fat mass.Design: Children (n=298, mean age 9.6 years) and adolescents (n=386, mean age 15.6 years), belonging to the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study, were genotyped for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism. Dietary intakes of reduced and full-fat dairy varieties were determined.Results: LNP (CC genotype) subjects consumed less milk, soured milk and yoghurt compared to LP (CT/TT genotype) subjects (p<0.001). Subsequent partitioning for age group attenuated this observation (p=0.002 for children and p=0.023 in adolescents). Six subjects were reported by parents to be 'lactose intolerant', none of whom were LNP. LNP children and adolescents consumed significantly less reduced fat milk and milk products than LP children and adolescents (p=0.009 for children and p=0.001 for adolescents).Conclusions: We conclude that LP is linked to an overall higher milk and dairy intake, but is not linked to higher body fat mass in children and adolescents.
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| 3. |
- Bel, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Association between self-reported sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents.
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 110:5, s. 949-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence has grown supporting the role for short sleep duration as an independent risk factor for weight gain and obesity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents. The sample consisted of 1522 adolescents (aged 12·5-17·5 years) participating in the European multi-centre cross-sectional 'Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence' study. Sleep duration was estimated by a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24 h recalls. The Diet Quality Index for Adolescents with Meal index (DQI-AM) was used to calculate overall dietary quality, considering the components dietary equilibrium, dietary diversity, dietary quality and a meal index. An average sleep duration of ≥ 9 h was classified as optimal, between 8 and 9 h as borderline insufficient and < 8 h as insufficient. Sleep duration and the DQI-AM score were positively associated (β = 0·027, r 0·130, P< 0·001). Adolescents with insufficient (62·05 (sd 14·18)) and borderline insufficient sleep (64·25 (sd 12·87)) scored lower on the DQI-AM than adolescents with an optimal sleep duration (64·57 (sd 12·39)) (P< 0·001; P= 0·018). The present study demonstrated in European adolescents that short sleep duration was associated with a lower dietary quality. This supports the hypothesis that the health consequences of insufficient sleep may be mediated by the relationship of insufficient sleep to poor dietary quality.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergman, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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How long is a day?
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Conference on Physical Activity and Health. - Amsterdam.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Methods, and Participation in Riksmaten Young Children - A Swedish National Dietary Survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION. - 2475-2991. ; 8:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: National dietary surveys provide essential data for risk bene fi t assessments of foods and nutrients, for management and policy development. Physical activity measurement and biomonitoring can provide important complementary data but are less commonly included. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the study design and methods of the cross-sectional Swedish national dietary survey Riksmaten Young Children (Riksmaten sm & aring;barn), of children aged 9 mo, 18 mo, and 4 y. Participation/dropout rates for the 2 older age groups are also presented. The impact of different recruitment strategies is discussed. Methods: Children ( N = 16,655) were randomly selected from the population register; invitations to guardians were sent by post and where possible, followed up by telephone. Food intake was assessed by a 2-d food diary and/or questionnaire. Height and weight were reported after measurement. Physical activity (accelerometery, 7 d) and stool, blood, and urine samples were assessed in subgroups. Results: Food consumption data were collected in 1828 children (11% of the invited; 18 mo: n = 1078, and 4 y: n = 750). Of participants also in subgroups, 71% provided physical activity data ( n = 1307), 60% stool samples ( n = 630), and 51% blood and/or urine samples ( n = 593). The study population represented all geographic regions and types of municipalities in Sweden, but participating households had both higher education level and higher income than the target population. Only minor differences were seen in participation rates between recruitment via post and telephone compared with those through post only (12% compared with 10%). Repeated contact attempts were needed for the majority of participants (65%). Despite the low-participation rate, 99% of the participants completed the study once started. Conclusions: Although it was a challenge to recruit participants, Riksmaten Young Children provides a substantial amount of information at national level, representative in terms of sex, geography, and family structure. The underrepresentation of households with lower socioeconomic must be considered when results.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Cardwell, Chris R, et al.
(författare)
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Birth order and childhood type 1 diabetes risk: a pooled analysis of 31 observational studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 40:2, s. 363-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The incidence rates of childhood onset type 1 diabetes are almost universally increasing across the globe but the aetiology of the disease remains largely unknown. We investigated whether birth order is associated with the risk of childhood diabetes by performing a pooled analysis of previous studies. Methods Relevant studies published before January 2010 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. Authors of studies provided individual patient data or conducted pre-specified analyses. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios (ORs), before and after adjustment for confounders, and investigate heterogeneity. Results Data were available for 6 cohort and 25 case-control studies, including 11 955 cases of type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was no evidence of an association prior to adjustment for confounders. After adjustment for maternal age at birth and other confounders, a reduction in the risk of diabetes in second- or later born children became apparent [fully adjusted OR = 0.90 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.98; P = 0.02] but this association varied markedly between studies (I-2 = 67%). An a priori subgroup analysis showed that the association was stronger and more consistent in children andlt; 5 years of age (n = 25 studies, maternal age adjusted OR = 0.84 95% CI 0.75, 0.93; I-2 = 23%). Conclusion Although the association varied between studies, there was some evidence of a lower risk of childhood onset type 1 diabetes with increasing birth order, particularly in children aged andlt; 5 years. This finding could reflect increased exposure to infections in early life in later born children.
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| 10. |
- Cardwell, Chris R, et al.
(författare)
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Breast-Feeding and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes A pooled analysis of individual participant data from 43 observational studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 35:11, s. 2215-2225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-To investigate if there is a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes in children breastfed or exclusively breastfed by performing a pooled analysis with adjustment for recognized confounders. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Relevant studies were identified from literature searches using MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Authors of relevant studies were asked to provide individual participant data or conduct prespecified analyses. Meta-analysis techniques were used to combine odds ratios (ORs) and investigate heterogeneity between studies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS-Data were available from 43 studies including 9,874 patients with type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was a reduction in the risk of diabetes after exclusive breast-feeding for andgt;2 weeks (20 studies; OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.88), the association after exclusive breast-feeding for andgt;3 months was weaker (30 studies; OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.00), and no association was observed after (nonexclusive) breast-feeding for andgt;2 weeks (28 studies; OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.81-1.07) or andgt;3 months (29 studies; OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-1.00). These associations were all subject to marked heterogeneity (I-2 = 58, 76, 54, and 68%, respectively). In studies with lower risk of bias, the reduced risk after exclusive breast-feeding for andgt;2 weeks remained (12 studies; OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99), and heterogeneity was reduced (I-2 = 0%). Adjustments for potential confounders altered these estimates very little. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS-The pooled analysis suggests weak protective associations between exclusive breast-feeding and type 1 diabetes risk. However, these findings are difficult to interpret because of the marked variation in effect and possible biases (particularly recall bias) inherent in the included studies.
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| 11. |
- Cardwell, Chris R, et al.
(författare)
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Interbirth Interval Is Associated With Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Risk
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 61:3, s. 702-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short interbirth interval has been associated with maternal complications and childhood autism and leukemia, possibly due to deficiencies in maternal micronutrients at conception or increased exposure to sibling infections. A possible association between interbirth interval and subsequent risk of childhood type 1 diabetes has not been investigated. A secondary analysis of 14 published observational studies of perinatal risk factors for type 1 diabetes was conducted. Risk estimates of diabetes by category of interbirth interval were calculated for each study. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and investigate heterogeneity between studies. Overall, 2,787 children with type 1 diabetes were included. There was a reduction in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in children born to mothers after interbirth intervals andlt;3 years compared with longer interbirth intervals (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.72-0.93]). Adjustments for various potential confounders little altered this estimate. In conclusion, there was evidence of a 20% reduction in the risk of childhood diabetes in children born to mothers after interbirth intervals andlt;3 years.
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| 12. |
- Cardwell, Chris R, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal Age at Birth and Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 30 Observational Studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: DIABETES. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 59:2, s. 486-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-The aim if the study was to investigate whether children born to older mothers have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes by performing a pooled analysis of previous studies using individual patient data to adjust for recognized confounders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Relevant studies published before June 2009 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Authors of studies were contacted and asked to provide individual patient data or conduct prespecified analyses. Risk estimates of type 1 diabetes by maternal age were calculated for each study, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios and to investigate heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS-Data were available for 5 cohort and 25 case-control studies, including 14,724 cases of type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was, on average, a 5% (95% CI 2-9) increase in childhood type 1 diabetes odds per 5-year increase in maternal age (P = 0.006), but there was heterogeneity among studies (heterogeneity I-2 = 70%). In studies with a low risk of bias, there was a more marked increase in diabetes odds of 10% per 5-year increase in maternal age. Adjustments for potential confounders little altered these estimates. CONCLUSIONS-There was evidence of a weak but significant linear increase in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes across the range of maternal ages, but the magnitude of association varied between studies. A very small percentage of the increase in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in recent years could be explained by increases in maternal age.
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| 13. |
- Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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More Physically Active and Leaner Adolescents Have Higher Energy Intake
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 164:1, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To test whether youths who engage in vigorous physical activity are more likely to have lean bodies while ingesting relatively large amounts of energy. For this purpose, we studied the associations of both physical activity and adiposity with energy intake in adolescents.Study design The study subjects were adolescents who participated in 1 of 2 cross-sectional studies, the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study (n = 1450; mean age, 14.6 years) or the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS; n = 321; mean age, 15.6 years). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, and energy intake was measured by 24-hour recall. In the HELENA study, body composition was assessed by 2 or more of the following methods: skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance analysis, plus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or air-displacement plethysmography in a subsample. In the EYHS, body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness.Results Fat mass was inversely associated with energy intake in both studies and using 4 different measurement methods (P <=.006). Overall, fat-free mass was positively associated with energy intake in both studies, yet the results were not consistent across measurement methods in the HELENA study. Vigorous physical activity in the HELENA study (P<.05) and moderate physical activity in the EYHS (P<.01) were positively associated with energy intake. Overall, results remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounding factors, after mutual adjustment among the main exposures (physical activity and fat mass), and after the elimination of obese subjects, who might tend to under-report energy intake, from the analyses.Conclusion Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that more physically active and leaner adolescents have higher energy intake than less active adolescents with larger amounts of fat mass.
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| 14. |
- Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer, et al.
(författare)
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A Healthy School Start Plus for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity in disadvantaged areas through parental support in the school setting - study protocol for a parallel group cluster randomised trial.
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews conclude that interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children obtain stronger effects when parents are involved. Parenting practices and parent-child interactions shape children's health-related behaviours. The Healthy School Start Plus intervention aims to promote healthy dietary habits and physical activity and prevent obesity in children through parental support in disadvantaged areas with increased health needs, delivered by teachers and school nurses. This protocol describes the design, outcome and process evaluation of the study.METHODS: Effectiveness of the intervention is compared to standard care within school health services. The 6-month programme, based on Social Cognitive Theory, consists of four components: 1) Health information to parents regarding the child; 2) Motivational Interviewing with the parents by the school nurse concerning the child; 3) classroom activities for the children by teachers; and 4) a web-based self-test of type-2 diabetes risk by parents. Effects will be studied in a cluster randomised trial including 17 schools and 352 six-year old children. The primary outcome is dietary intake of indicator foods, and secondary outcomes are physical activity, sedentary behaviour and BMI. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, at 6 months directly after the intervention, and at follow-up 18 months post baseline. Statistical analysis will be by mixed-effect regression analysis according to intention to treat and per protocol. Mediation analysis will be performed with parental self-efficacy and parenting practices. Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used to study implementation in terms of dose, fidelity, feasibility and acceptability. The hypothesis is that the programme will be more effective than standard care and feasible to perform in the school context.DISCUSSION: The programme is in line with the cumulated evidence regarding the prevention of childhood obesity: That schools should be a focal point of prevention efforts, interventions should involve multiple components, and include the home environment. If effective, it will fill a knowledge gap concerning evidence-based health promotion practice within school health services to prevent obesity, and in the long term reduce social inequalities in health.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was retrospectively registered on January 4, 2018 and available online at ClinicalTrials.gov : No. NCT03390725 .
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| 15. |
- Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer, et al.
(författare)
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IMplementation and evaluation of the school-based family support PRogram a Healthy School Start to promote child health and prevent OVErweight and obesity (IMPROVE) - study protocol for a cluster-randomized trial.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: IMPROVE aims to conduct a hybrid type 3 evaluation design to test the effectiveness of bundled implementation strategies on intervention fidelity of the Healthy School Start (HSS) program, while simultaneously monitoring effects on health outcomes of children and parents. The HSS is a 4-component family support program for children starting school (5-7 years of age) promoting healthy dietary habits and physical activity in the home environment to prevent childhood obesity and parents' risk of developing type 2 diabetes.METHODS: IMPROVE is a cluster-randomized controlled trial with two arms to evaluate and compare the effects of two different bundles of implementation strategies on intervention fidelity expressed as adherence and responsiveness at 12 and 24 months (primary outcomes). Thirty schools in two municipalities will participate in the study reaching about 1400 families per school year. In stakeholder workshops, key implementation determinants were identified according to the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Through a consensus process with stakeholders, two bundles of implementation strategies were tailored to address context-specific determinants. Schools randomly assigned to group 1 will receive bundle 1 (Basic) and group 2 will receive bundle 1 + 2 (Enhanced). Bundle 2 consists of external facilitation, fidelity monitoring and feedback strategies. Secondary outcomes will include change in acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and organisational readiness as perceived by school staff. In addition, child weight status and diet, and parents' feeding practices and risk of type 2 diabetes will be monitored. Linear and ordinal regression analysis will be used to test the effect on the primary and secondary outcomes, taking clustering and covariates into consideration where needed. Process evaluation will be conducted through key stakeholder interviews to investigate experiences of the program and perceptions on sustainability.DISCUSSION: This systematic approach to investigating the effectiveness of two different bundles of implementation strategies tailored to context-specific determinants on the fidelity of the HSS intervention will provide new insight into feasible implementation strategies and external support needed for the HSS to be effective and sustainable. Results will help inform how to bridge the gap between the research on school-based health programs and routine practice in schools.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04984421 , registered July 30, 2021.
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| 16. |
- Elinder, Liselotte S., et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal changes in health behaviours and body weight among Swedish school children - Associations with age, gender and parental education - The SCIP school cohort
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to develop health promotion initiatives it is important to identify at what age gender and socioeconomic inequalities in health-related behaviours emerge. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyse how health-related behaviours and weight status differed by age-group, gender, family socio-economic status and over time in three cohorts of school children. Methods. All children in grades 2, 4 and 7 in a Swedish semi-urban municipality were invited to participate (n = 1,359) of which 813 (60%) consented. At baseline and after 2 years a health questionnaire was answered by all children. Height and weight was measured. Fourteen outcomes were analysed. The main and interaction effects of time, gender and parental educational level on the health-related behaviours, weight status and body mass index standard deviation score (BMIsds) were analysed by the Weighted Least Squares method for categorical repeated measures and Analysis of Variance. Results: Nine of 12 health behaviours deteriorated over the two years: consumption of breakfast and lunch, vegetables and fruit, intake of sweetened drinks, TV viewing, club membership, being outdoors, and school recess activity; two behaviours were unchanged: intake of sweets, and active transport. Only sports participation increased with time. Girls consumed more vegetables, less sweetened drinks, performed less sports, were less physically active during recess, and had lower BMIsds, compared to boys. Those with more highly educated parents had more favourable or similar behaviours compared to those with less educated parents in 10 out of 12 health behaviours, the only exception being intake of sweets and being outdoors, and had lower BMIsds. Conclusions: This study adds to our knowledge regarding the temporal development of health behaviours and weight status in school children. Differences with regard to gender and socioeconomic status were seen already at a young age. These results contribute to our understanding of several important determinants of obesity and chronic diseases and may inform future interventions regarding how to decrease gender and social inequalities in health.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Etminan Malek, Mahnoush, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between Physical Activity Parenting Practices and Children's Activity Measured by Accelerometry with Children's Activity Style as a Moderator : A Cross Sectional Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Children. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9067. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to examine the associations between physical activity parenting practices (PAPP) and children’s levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and time spent sedentary (SED) during non-school time in weekdays and weekends when children’s activity style was taken into account. Study participants were 88 children (mean age 6.3 (SD 0.3) years); 51.0% girls) and their parents who took part in A Healthy School Start Plus in Sweden. The independent variables included PAPPs Structure, Neglect/control, and Autonomy promotion and children’s activity style as moderator, assessed through validated parent questionnaires. Dependent variables were the MVPA and SED in minutes, measured by accelerometry. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the associations between PAPPs and children’s MVPA and SED with children’s activity style as a moderator. No significant associations between the PAPPs Structure, Neglect/control, and Autonomy promotion and measures of physical activity were found (p > 0.13). The moderating role of activity style improved the model fit and the final model had a reasonable fit to the data. Our results suggest that in future studies, with the aim to explore the relationship between PAPP and children’s physical activity, the activity style of the children should be included as a moderator.
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| 19. |
- Eustachio Colombo, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a novel optimisation approach for keeping heterogeneous diets healthy and within planetary boundaries for climate change
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 78:3, s. 193-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives: Current dietary habits have substantial negative impacts on the health of people and the planet. This study aimed to develop a novel approach for achieving health-promoting and climate-friendly dietary recommendations for a broad range of consumers. Subjects and methods: Hierarchical clustering analysis was combined with linear programming to design nutritionally adequate, health-promoting, climate-friendly and culturally acceptable diets using Swedish national dietary data (n = 1797). Diets were optimised for the average consumption of the total population as well as for the dietary clusters. Results: Three dietary clusters were identified. All optimised diets had lower shares of animal-source foods and contained higher amounts of plant-based foods. These dietary shifts reduced climate impacts by up to 53% while leaving much of the diet unchanged. The optimised diets of the three clusters differed from the optimised diet of the total population. All optimised diets differed considerably from the food-group pattern of the EAT-Lancet diet. Conclusions: The novel cluster-based optimisation approach was able to generate alternatives that may be more acceptable and realistic for a sustainable diet across different groups in the population.
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| 20. |
- Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure-time organised physical activity and dietary intake among Swedish adolescents.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Routledge. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 40:11, s. 1198-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate associations between participation in leisure-time organised physical activity (LTOPA) and dietary intake in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents participating in the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-2017. A sample of 2807 participants aged 11-12, 14-15 and 17-18 years were included. Information about LTOPA and dietary intake were collected through questionnaires and two 24-hour recalls on the web (RiksmatenFlex). For dietary intake, overall healthy eating index, intake of fruit, vegetables, candy, sugar-sweetened beverages, and the proportion of added sugar to total energy intake were analysed. Significance-testing for associations was performed with analysis of covariance. LTOPA was associated with lower sugar-sweetened beverages intake among adolescent boys (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.012) and girls (p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.005), higher fruit intake among boys (p = 0.043, ηp2 = 0.003), and lower vegetable intake among girls (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.009). However, LTOPA was unrelated to the overall healthy eating index, candy intake, and the proportion of added sugar to total energy intake (p > 0.05). LTOPA was only associated with some healthy eating behaviours, and there is much room for improvement in the diets of Swedish adolescents.
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| 21. |
- Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Organiserad fysisk aktivitet och kostintag bland ungdomar: Resultat från Riksmaten Ungdom, 2016-17
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svensk Förening för Beteende- och Samhällsvetenskaplig Idrottsforskning (2022) - årskonferens.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduktion Hälsosamma kostvanor bland ungdomar kan leda till betydelsefulla hälsovinster, både på kort och lång sikt. Forskning visar att få ungdomar äter tillräckligt med frukt och grönsaker. Dessutom att många ungdomar äter för mycket godis och dricker för mycket sötad dryck. Det finns därför behov av effektiva strategier för att främja hälsosamma kostvanor bland ungdomar. Forskning visar att deltagande i organiserad fysisk aktivitet, t.ex. föreningsidrott, är relaterat till hälsosamma levnadsvanor, såsom mer fysisk aktivitet. Dessutom finns en koppling mellan deltagande i organiserad fysisk aktivitet och positiva hälsoutfall, däribland psykologiska hälsa. Sambandet mellan organiserad fysisk aktivitet och kostintag är dock studerat i begränsad utsträckning. Idag saknas studier med representativa data från ungdomar i Sverige. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka samband mellan deltagande i organiserad fysisk aktivitet och kostintag i ett stort representativt urval av svenska ungdomar. Metod Studien bygger på Livsmedelsverkets nationella undersökning Riksmaten ungdom 2016-17 och inkluderade data från 2807 ungdomar i åldrarna 12, 15 och 18 år. Ungdomarna besvarade ett frågeformulär om deltagande i organiserad fysisk aktivitet. Under två 24-timmarsperioder registrerades kostintag genom en webbaserad metod (RiksmatenFlex). Följande kostvariabler ingick i analyserna: intag av frukt, grönsaker, godis och sötad dryck, hälsosamt kostindex och andel tillsatt socker i relation till totalt energiintag. Frågeformulär användes också för att mäta föräldrars utbildningsnivå vilket användes som indikator för socioekonomisk bakgrund. Resultat Deltagande i organiserad fysisk aktivitet var förenat med lägre intag av sötad dryck bland pojkar (p<0.001) och flickor (p=0.007), högre intag av frukt bland pojkar (p=0.043) men också lägre intag av grönsaker bland flickor (p<0.001). Deltagande i organiserad fysisk aktivitet var inte relaterat till intag av godis, hälsosamt kostindex och andel tillsatt socker i relation till totalt energiintag (p>0.05). Vidare observerades inga tydliga skillnader i kostintag mellan de som inte deltog alls och de som deltog 1, 2, 3, 4 eller 5 gånger eller mer per vecka. Diskussion och slutsatser Studien visade att deltagande i organiserad fysisk aktivitet var förenat med vissa hälsosamma kostvariabler men att det finns utrymme för förbättringar. Platser där ungdomar deltar i organiserad fysisk aktivitet kan utgöra viktiga sammanhang för att främja hälsosamma kostvanor bland ungdomar.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hallström, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Breakfast habits and factors influencing food choices at breakfast in relation to socio-demographic and family factors among European adolescents : The HELENA Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 56:3, s. 649-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate factors associated with breakfast habits and influences on food choices at breakfast, within the framework of the EU-funded HELENA Study in 3528 adolescents from ten cities across Europe. The statement “I often skip breakfast” and personal and socio-environmental factors hypothesized to be related to food choice at breakfast were dichotomized. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between behavioral (skipping versus consume breakfast) and individual, personal and socio-environmental factors. Half of the adolescents (fewer girls) indicated being regular breakfast consumers. Mothers’ education and family structure were associated with breakfast consumption. Adolescents with peers who gave little or no encouragement, and boys whose parents gave encouragement, were more likely to be regular breakfast consumers. Personal factors influenced the girls more than the boys in their choice of food for breakfast and socio-environmental factors influenced younger adolescents more than older adolescents. In conclusion, a broad range of (behavioral, individual, personal and socio-environmental) factors influence breakfast habits and food choices at breakfast among European adolescents. Breakfast habits were inappreciably influenced by socio-demographical factors. These factors need to be considered in discussions surrounding the development of nutritional intervention programs intended for adolescents.
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- Jones, Robert P., et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of Recurrence After Resection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma : A Secondary Analysis of the ESPAC-4 Randomized Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Surgery. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2168-6254 .- 2168-6262. ; 154:11, s. 1038-1048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: The patterns of disease recurrence after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with adjuvant chemotherapy remain unclear.Objective: To define patterns of recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy and the association with survival.Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospectively collected data from the phase 3 European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer 4 adjuvant clinical trial, an international multicenter study. The study included 730 patients who had resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Data were analyzed between July 2017 and May 2019.Interventions: Randomization to adjuvant gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus capecitabine.Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival, recurrence, and sites of recurrence.Results: Of the 730 patients, median age was 65 years (range 37-81 years), 414 were men (57%), and 316 were women (43%). The median follow-up time from randomization was 43.2 months (95% CI, 39.7-45.5 months), with overall survival from time of surgery of 27.9 months (95% CI, 24.8-29.9 months) with gemcitabine and 30.2 months (95% CI, 25.8-33.5 months) with the combination (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.98; P=.03). The 5-year survival estimates were 17.1% (95% CI, 11.6%-23.5%) and 28.0% (22.0%-34.3%), respectively. Recurrence occurred in 479 patients (65.6%); another 78 patients (10.7%) died without recurrence. Local recurrence occurred at a median of 11.63 months (95% CI, 10.05-12.19 months), significantly different from those with distant recurrence with a median of 9.49 months (95% CI, 8.44-10.71 months) (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.45; P=.04). Following recurrence, the median survival was 9.36 months (95% CI, 8.08-10.48 months) for local recurrence and 8.94 months (95% CI, 7.82-11.17 months) with distant recurrence (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73-1.09; P=.27). The median overall survival of patients with distant-only recurrence (23.03 months; 95% CI, 19.55-25.85 months) or local with distant recurrence (23.82 months; 95% CI, 17.48-28.32 months) was not significantly different from those with only local recurrence (24.83 months; 95% CI, 22.96-27.63 months) (P=.85 and P=.35, respectively). Gemcitabine plus capecitabine had a 21% reduction of death following recurrence compared with monotherapy (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.98; P=.03).Conclusions and Relevance: There were no significant differences between the time to recurrence and subsequent and overall survival between local and distant recurrence. Pancreatic cancer behaves as a systemic disease requiring effective systemic therapy after resection.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00058201, EudraCT 2007-004299-38, and ISRCTN 96397434. This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates patterns of recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer and the association with survival.
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