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| 4. |
- Ahola, Virpi, et al.
(författare)
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The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 5, s. 4737-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393 Mb) of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Nymphalidae), a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, which has the putative ancestral karyotype of n = 31. Using a phylogenetic analyses of Nymphalidae and of other Lepidoptera, combined with orthologue-level comparisons of chromosomes, we conclude that the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype has been n = 31 for at least 140 My. We show that fusion chromosomes have retained the ancestral chromosome segments and very few rearrangements have occurred across the fusion sites. The same, shortest ancestral chromosomes have independently participated in fusion events in species with smaller karyotypes. The short chromosomes have higher rearrangement rate than long ones. These characteristics highlight distinctive features of the evolutionary dynamics of butterflies and moths.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bondemark, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment and patient satisfaction : A systematic review
- 2007
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Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 77:1, s. 181-191
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate morphologic stability and patient satisfaction at least 5 years after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Published literature was searched through the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases from 1966 to January 2005. The search was performed by an information specialist at the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The inclusion criteria consisted of a follow-up period of at least 5 years postretention, randomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective clinical controlled studies, and cohort studies, and orthodontic treatment including fixed or removable appliances, selective grinding, or extractions. Two reviewers extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of the studies. Results: The search strategy resulted in 1004 abstracts or full-text articles, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria. Treatment of crowding resulted in successful dental alignment. However, the mandibular arch length and width gradually decreased, and crowding of the lower anterior teeth reoccurred postretention. This condition was unpredictable at the individual level (limited evidence). Treatment of Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion with Herbst appliance normalized the occlusion. Relapse occurred but could not be predicted at the individual level (limited evidence). The scientific evidence was insufficient for conclusions on treatment of cross-bite, Angle Class III, open bite, and various other malocclusions as well as on patient satisfaction in a long-term perspective. Conclusions: This review has exposed the difficulties in drawing meaningful evidence-based conclusions often because of the inherent problems of retrospective and uncontrolled study design. © 2006 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in the distribution of synemin, paranemin, and plectin in skeletal muscles of wild-type and desmin knock-out mice
- 2000
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Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 114:1, s. 39-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mice lacking the gene encoding for the intermediate filament protein desmin have a surprisingly normal myofibrillar organization in skeletal muscle fibers, although myopathy develops in highly used muscles. In the present study we examined how synemin, paranemin, and plectin, three key cytoskeletal proteins related to desmin, are organized in normal and desmin knock-out (K/O) mice. We show that in wild-type mice, synemin, paranemin, and plectin were colocalized with desmin in Z-disc-associated striations and at the sarcolemma. All three proteins were also present at the myotendinous junctions and in the postsynaptic area of motor endplates. In the desmin K/O mice the distribution of plectin was unaffected, whereas synemin and paranemin were partly affected. The Z-disc-associated striations were in general no longer present in between the myofibrils. In contrast, at the myotendinous and neuromuscular junctions synemin and paranemin were still present. Our study shows that plectin differs from synemin and paranemin in its binding properties to the myofibrillar Z-discs and that the cytoskeleton in junctional areas is particularly complex in its organization.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of dosage, safety and effects of methylphenidate on post-traumatic brain injury symptoms with a focus on mental fatigue and pain.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brain injury : [BI]. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-301X .- 0269-9052. ; 28:3, s. 304-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective: The neurobehavioural symptoms and pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be long-lasting. The condition impairs the persons' ability to function in their work, studies and gatherings with family and friends. The aim of this study was to investigate dosage, safety and effects of methylphenidate on mental fatigue and pain. Methods: Twenty-nine physically-well rehabilitated TBI victims, 28 with a mild TBI and one with TBI and also with pain in the neck, shoulders and head were included in the study. Methylphenidate was tested in each patient using three treatment strategies: no medication, low dose (5mg×3) and normal dose (20mg×3) for 4 weeks using a randomized cross-over design. Results: Twenty-four patients completed the three treatment periods. Five participants discontinued, four females due to adverse reactions and one male due to attenuated motivation. Only minor adverse events were reported. Methylphenidate significantly decreased mental fatigue, as evaluated by the Mental Fatigue Scale (p<0.001), and the effects on mental fatigue were dose-dependent. No effect on pain was detected. Conclusions: Methylphenidate decreased mental fatigue for subjects suffering a traumatic brain injury, the treatment is considered to be safe and is recommended, starting with a low dose.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Follow-up after 5.5 years of treatment with methylphenidate for mental fatigue and cognitive function after a mild traumatic brain injury
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 34:2, s. 229-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Prolonged mental fatigue and cognitive impairments are common after a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). This sets limits for rehabilitation and for regaining the capacity for work and participation in social life. Method: This follow-up study, over a period of approximately 5.5 years was designed to evaluate the effect and safety of methylphenidate treatment for mental fatigue after a mild TBI. A comparison was made between those who had continued, and those who had discontinued the treatment. The effect was also evaluated after a four-week treatment break. Results: Significant improvement in mental fatigue, depression, and anxiety for the group treated with methylphenidate (p < .001) was found, while no significant change was found for the group without methylphenidate. The methylphenidate treatment group also improved their processing speed (p = .008). Withdrawal produced a pronounced and significant deterioration in mental fatigue, depression, and anxiety and a slower processing speed. This indicates that the methylphenidate effect is reversible if discontinued and that continued methylphenidate treatment can be a prerequisite for long-term improvement. The effect was found to be stable and safe over the years. Conclusion: We suggest methylphenidate to be a possible treatment option for patients with post-TBI symptoms including mental fatigue and cognitive symptoms.
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| 12. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Hjärntrötthet – ett osynligt gissel : Mental fatigue - possible explanations, diagnostic methods and possible treatments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental fatigue or brain fatigue is a pathological and disabling symptom with diminished mental energy. It can be a long-lasting consequence after trauma or disease affecting the brain. The person can do most things in the moment and can be perceived as completely healthy, but the mental energy is insufficient over time and affects the ability to work and participate in social activities. After a conversation, for example, the person can be completely drained of energy and the recovery time is disproportionally long. Here we describe the phenomenon of mental fatigue, provide an explanatory model for how the condition can arise, point out diagnostic methods and possible treatments, which are currently in the research stage but may be implemented in healthcare within the foreseeable future.
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| 13. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term treatment with methylphenidate for fatigue after traumatic brain injury
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314. ; 135:1, s. 100-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may cause long-lasting post-concussive symptoms, such as mental fatigue and concentration difficulties, and this may become the main hindrance for returning to work and studies. There is currently no effective treatment for longlasting mental fatigue. In this hypothesis generating study, the long-term effects of methylphenidate on mental fatigue, cognitive function, and safety were assessed. Materials & methods - Thirty participants who suffered from long-term post-concussion symptoms after a mild TBI or moderate TBI and who had reported positive effects with methylphenidate during an initial phase of this follow-up study were treated with methylphenidate for a further six months. Results - After six-month follow-up, effects on Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS), depression, anxiety, and cognitive function (processing speed, attention, working memory) were significantly improved compared to baseline data (P < 0.001, respectively). Heart rate was significantly increased (P = 0.01), while blood pressure was not changed. Conclusions - Individuals suffering from prolonged symptoms after TBI reported reduced mental fatigue and improved cognitive functions with long-term methylphenidate treatment. It is suggested that methylphenidate can be a treatment option for long-term mental fatigue and cognitive impairment after a TBI, but further randomized control research is warranted.
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Methylphenidate reduces mental fatigue and improves processing speed in persons suffered a traumatic brain injury.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-301X .- 0269-9052. ; 29:6, s. 758-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-traumatic brain injury symptoms, such as mental fatigue, have considerable negative impacts on quality-of-life. In the present study the effects of methylphenidate in two different dosages were assessed with regard to mental fatigue, pain and cognitive functions in persons who had suffered a traumatic brain injury.
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| 16. |
- Kumar Kondadi, Pradeep, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and Characterization of a Lipopolysaccharide alpha,2,3-Sialyltransferase from the Human Pathogen Helicobacter bizzozeronii
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Bacteriology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 194:10, s. 2540-2550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terminal sialic acid in the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of mucosal pathogens is an important virulence factor. Here we report the characterization of a Helicobacter sialyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of sialylated LPS in Helicobacter bizzozeronii, the only non-pylori gastric Helicobacter species isolated from humans thus far. Starting from the genome sequences of canine and human strains, we identified potential sialyltransferases downstream of three genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid. One of these candidates showed monofunctional alpha,2,3-sialyltransferase activity with a preference for N-acetyllactosamine as a substrate. The LPSs from different strains were shown by SDS-PAGE and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) to contain sialic acid after neuraminidase treatment. The expression of this sialyltransferase and sialyl-LPS appeared to be a phase-variable characteristic common to both human and canine H. bizzozeronii strains. The sialylation site of the LPSs of two H. bizzozeronii strains was determined to be NeuAc-Hex-HexNAc, suggesting terminal 3-sialyl-LacNAc. Moreover, serological typing revealed the possible presence of sialyl-Lewis X in two additional strains, indicating that H. bizzozeronii could also mimic the surface glycans of mammalian cells. The expression of sialyl-glycans may influence the adaptation process of H. bizzozeronii during the host jump from dogs to humans.
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| 17. |
- Li, Dan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting individual needs for intra-organisational knowledge sharing activities in pre-industry 4.0 SMEs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning, ICICKM. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 2048-9803 .- 2048-9811. - 9781912764099 ; , s. 160-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complexity of modern manufacturing industry and the emergence of Industry 4.0 puts changing cognitive demands on human operators at work. Operators in this environment, Operator 4.0, will share knowledge through the use of new digital technologies that should be implemented in parallel with an organizational development towards Organization 4.0. On an individual level within the organization, people benefit from understanding their own knowledge needs and gain necessary knowledge through knowledge sharing activities. In pre-Industry 4.0 organizations, this is done primarily through meetings. Originally developed to create smart meetings in smart factories, an elaborated version of the MEET model (Gullander et al, 2014) is used in this paper to evaluate the needs for sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge, both in regards to how it affects the Information System and the Organization System. By adding a systematic process approach to mapping individual knowledge needs related to production activities, these needs can be identified for each process step. By using this systematic approach to apply the MEET model, two Swedish SMEs within the manufacturing industry have developed their knowledge sharing activities. This human-centred study, based on questionnaires and interviews, focuses on how shop-floor operators perceive changes in knowledge sharing activities due to the use of the MEET model. Novelty in this research lies in the attempt to link the technology-intensive Industry 4.0 development with an organizational emphasis. Results show that the applied method can be used to pragmatically improve knowledge sharing from certain aspects, but further research is required to determine the correlation between different areas and their effect on knowledge sharing. This paper suggests that knowledge sharing in organizations can be benefitted from Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, introducing this as Organization 4.0.
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| 18. |
- Mohlin, Bengt, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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TMD in relation to malocclusion and orthodontic treatment.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Angle orthodontist. - : The E. H. Angle Education and Research Foundation. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 77:3, s. 542-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate associations between different malocclusions, orthodontic treatment, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review was part of a project at the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care focusing on malocclusion and orthodontic treatment from a health perspective. As a first step, the literature was searched in the Medline and Cochrane Library databases from 1966 to May 2003. A later update was made in January 2005. Human studies in English or in Scandinavian languages were included. RESULTS: Associations between certain malocclusions and TMD were found in some studies, whereas the majority of the reviewed articles failed to identify significant and clinically important associations. TMD could not be correlated to any specific type of malocclusion, and there was no support for the belief that orthodontic treatment may cause TMD. Obvious individual variations in signs and symptoms of TMD over time according to some longitudinal studies further emphasized the difficulty in establishing malocclusion as a significant risk factor for TMD. A considerable reduction in signs and symptoms of TMD between the teenage period and young adulthood has been shown in some recent longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS: Associations between specific types of malocclusions and development of significant signs and symptoms of TMD could not be verified. There is still a need for longitudinal studies.
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| 19. |
- Odell, Annika, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Patients expectations and fulfilment of expectations before and after treatment for suspected coronary artery disease assessed with a newly developed questionnaire in combination with established health-related quality of life questionnaires
- 2017
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Ingår i: Open Heart. - : BMJ. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X .- 2053-3624. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT Background Clinical decision-making is often based on evidence of outcome after a specific treatment. Healthcare providers and patients may, however, have different perceptions and expectations of what to achieve from a certain healthcare measure. Aims To evaluate patients’ expectations, perceptions and health related quality of life (HRQoL) before a care process including coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease and to evaluate the fulfilment of these expectations in relation to established patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) 6 months later. Furthermore, an aim was to try to define meaningful patient reported experience measures (PREMs) in this population. Methods 544 patients planned for coronary angiography completed a newly developed questionnaire to assess expectations and perceptions of treatment, the expectation questionnaire (ExpQ) and two established HRQoL questionnaires together with the established generic Short-Form 36 (SF36) and the disease specific Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Results Patients had before the intervention, in general, high expectations of improvement after investigation and treatment and there was a positive attitude towards life style changes, medication and participation in decision-making regarding their own treatment. Only, 56.4% of the patients, however, reported fulfilment of treatment expectations. Fulfilment of treatment expectations correlated strongly with improvement in HRQoL after the care process. Conclusions To measure patients’ expectations and fulfilments of these may offer simple and meaningful outcomes to evaluate a healthcare process from a patient’s perspective. To approach patients’ expectations may also strengthen patient involvement in the care process with the possibilities of both higher patient satisfaction and medical results of the treatment.
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| 20. |
- Odenstedt, Jacob, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Spinal cord stimulation effects on myocardial ischemia, infarct size, ventricular arrhythmia, and noninvasive electrophysiology in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Heart Rhythm. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-3871 .- 1547-5271. ; Jan:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death can be reduced by modulation of autonomic tone. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) presumably affects autonomic tone and reduces myocardial ischemia. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SCS could reduce myocardial ischemia, infarct size, and ventricular arrhythmias as well as repolarization alterations in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model. METHODS: Anesthetized common Landrace pigs were randomized to SCS (n = 10) or sham treatment (n = 10) before, during, and after 45 minutes of coronary occlusion. Area at risk, infarct size, and spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. Continuous three-dimensional vectorcardiograms was recorded and analyzed with respect to ECG intervals, ST-segment, and T-vector and T-vector-loop morphology. RESULTS: SCS was associated with significantly (P <.04) fewer episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT), particularly during mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (SCS vs non-SCS; NSVT, mid- and proximal LAD: 0 vs 22 and 45 vs 72; SVT, mid- and proximal LAD: 3 vs 15 and 5 vs 5). No difference in ventricular fibrillation episodes was observed. The SCS group had significantly less ST elevation (P <.03) but similar area at risk, infarct size, and ratio of infarct size/area at risk. Ischemia induced increases of T(amplitude) and T(area) suggesting increased repolarization gradients, which were significantly reduced by SCS (P <.01 for both). CONCLUSION: SCS appears to have an antiarrhythmic effect on spontaneous NSVT and SVT during ischemia-reperfusion in association with a reduction of repolarization alterations. Vectorcardiography signs of myocardial ischemia were reduced by SCS, but this intervention was not accompanied by any effect on infarct size.
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| 21. |
- Pesquet, Edouard, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Cell-Autonomous Postmortem Lignification of Tracheary Elements in Zinnia elegans
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : American Society of Plant Biologists. - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 25:4, s. 1314-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postmortem lignification of xylem tracheary elements (TEs) has been debated for decades. Here, we provide evidence in Zinnia elegans TE cell cultures, using pharmacological inhibitors and in intact Z. elegans plants using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, that TE lignification occurs postmortem (i.e., after TE programmed cell death). In situ RT-PCR verified expression of the lignin monomer biosynthetic cinnamoyl CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in not only the lignifying TEs but also in the unlignified non-TE cells of Z. elegans TE cell cultures and in living, parenchymatic xylem cells that surround TEs in stems. These cells were also shown to have the capacity to synthesize and transport lignin monomers and reactive oxygen species to the cell walls of dead TEs. Differential gene expression analysis in Z. elegans TE cell cultures and concomitant functional analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in identification of several genes that were expressed in the non-TE cells and that affected lignin chemistry on the basis of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. These data suggest that living, parenchymatic xylem cells contribute to TE lignification in a non-cellautonomous manner, thus enabling the postmortem lignification of TEs.
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| 22. |
- Rasila, Tiina S., et al.
(författare)
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Flexibility in MuA Transposase Family Protein Structures: Functional Mapping with Scanning Mutagenesis and Sequence Alignment of Protein Homologues
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MuA transposase protein is a member of the retroviral integrase superfamily (RISF). It catalyzes DNA cleavage and joining reactions via an initial assembly and subsequent structural transitions of a protein-DNA complex, known as the Mu transpososome, ultimately attaching transposon DNA to non-specific target DNA. The transpososome functions as a molecular DNA-modifying machine and has been used in a wide variety of molecular biology and genetics/genomics applications. To analyze structure-function relationships in MuA action, a comprehensive pentapeptide insertion mutagenesis was carried out for the protein. A total of 233 unique insertion variants were generated, and their activity was analyzed using a quantitative in vivo DNA transposition assay. The results were then correlated with the known MuA structures, and the data were evaluated with regard to the protein domain function and transpososome development. To complement the analysis with an evolutionary component, a protein sequence alignment was produced for 44 members of MuA family transposases. Altogether, the results pinpointed those regions, in which insertions can be tolerated, and those where insertions are harmful. Most insertions within the subdomains I gamma, II alpha, II beta, and III alpha completely destroyed the transposase function, yet insertions into certain loop/linker regions of these subdomains increased the protein activity. Subdomains I alpha and III beta were largely insertion-tolerant. The comprehensive structure-function data set will be useful for designing MuA transposase variants with improved properties for biotechnology/genomics applications, and is informative with regard to the function of RISF proteins in general.
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| 23. |
- Rasila, Tiina S., et al.
(författare)
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Mu transpososome activity-profiling yields hyperactive MuA variants for highly efficient genetic and genome engineering
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 46:9, s. 4649-4661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phage Mu DNA transposition system provides a versatile species non-specific tool for molecular biology, genetic engineering and genome modification applications. Mu transposition is catalyzed by MuA transposase, with DNA cleavage and integration reactions ultimately attaching the transposon DNA to target DNA. To improve the activity of the Mu DNA transposition machinery, we mutagenized MuA protein and screened for hyperactivity-causing substitutions using an in vivo assay. The individual activity-enhancing substitutions were mapped onto the MuA-DNA complex structure, containing a tetramer of MuA transposase, two Mu end segments and a target DNA. This analysis, combined with the varying effect of the mutations in different assays, implied that the mutations exert their effects in several ways, including optimizing protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts. Based on these insights, we engineered highly hyperactive versions of MuA, by combining several synergistically acting substitutions located in different subdomains of the protein. Purified hyperactive MuA variants are now ready for use as second-generation tools in a variety of Mu-based DNA transposition applications. These variants will also widen the scope of Mu-based gene transfer technologies toward medical applications such as human gene therapy. Moreover, the work provides a platform for further design of custom trans-posases.
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| 24. |
- Salojarvi, Jarkko, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:6, s. 904-912
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a pioneer boreal tree that can be induced to flower within 1 year. Its rapid life cycle, small (440-Mb) genome, and advanced germplasm resources make birch an attractive model for forest biotechnology. We assembled and chromosomally anchored the nuclear genome of an inbred B. pendula individual. Gene duplicates from the paleohexaploid event were enriched for transcriptional regulation, whereas tandem duplicates were overrepresented by environmental responses. Population resequencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic upheaval. Selective sweeps were enriched among polyploid duplicates encoding key developmental and physiological triggering functions, suggesting that local adaptation has tuned the timing of and cross-talk between fundamental plant processes. Variation around the tightly-linked light response genes PHYC and FRS10 correlated with latitude and longitude and temperature, and with precipitation for PHYC. Similar associations characterized the growth-promoting cytokinin response regulator ARR1, and the wood development genes KAK and MED5A.
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| 25. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
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