| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Alami, Jones, et al.
(författare)
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Phase tailoring of Ta thin films by highly ionized pulsed magnetron sputtering
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 515:7-8, s. 3434-3438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ta thin films were grown on Si substrates at different inclination angles with respect to the sputter source using high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS), an ionized physical vapor deposition technique. The ionization allowed for better control of the energy and directionality of the sputtered species, and consequently for improved properties of the deposited films. Depositions were made on Si substrates with the native oxide intact. The structure of the as deposited films was investigated using X-ray diffraction, while a four-point probe setup was used to measure the resistivity. A substrate bias process-window for growth of bcc-Ta was observed. However, the process-window position changed with changing inclination angles of the substrate. The formation of this low-resistivity bcc-phase could be understood in light of the high ion flux from the HIPIMS discharge.
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| 3. |
- Albet-Torres, Nuria, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular motors on lipid bilayers and silicon dioxide: different driving forces for adsorption
- 2010
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 6:14, s. 3211-3219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how different types of interactions govern adsorption of the myosin motor fragment heavy meromyosin (HMM) onto different substrates is important in functional studies of actomyosin and for the development of motor powered lab-on-a-chip applications. In this study, we have combined in vitro motility assays and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring to investigate the underlying adsorption mechanisms of HMM onto supported lipid bilayers in comparison with pure and silanized SiO2. The QCM-D results, combined with data showing actin transportation by HMM adsorbed onto positively charged supported lipid bilayers, suggest reversible HMM surface adsorption via the negatively charged coiled-coil tail region. In contrast, the QCM-D data for HMM adsorption onto negatively charged lipids support a model according to which HMM adsorbs onto negatively charged surfaces largely via the positively charged actin binding regions. Adsorption studies at low (30-65 mM) and high (185-245 mM) ionic strengths onto piranha cleaned SiO2 surfaces (contact angle
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| 4. |
- Balaz, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of surface adsorption on catalytic activity of heavy meromyosin studied using a fluorescent ATP analogue
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 46:24, s. 7233-7251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biochemical studies in solution and with myosin motor fragments adsorbed to surfaces (in vitro motility assays) are invaluable for elucidation of actomyosin function. However, there is limited understanding of how surface adsorption affects motor properties, e.g., catalytic activity. Here we address this issue by comparing the catalytic activity of heavy meromyosin (HMM) in solution and adsorbed to standard motility assay surfaces [derivatized with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS)]. For these studies we first characterized the interaction of HMM and actomyosin with the fluorescent ATP analogue adenosine 5'-triphosphate Alexa Fluor 647 2'- (or 3'-) O-(N-(2-aminoethyl)urethane) hexa(triethylammonium) salt (Alexa-ATP). The data suggest that Alexa-ATP is hydrolyzed by HMM in solution at a slightly higher rate than ATP but with a generally similar mechanism. Furthermore, Alexa-ATP is effective as a fuel for HMM-propelled actin filament sliding. The catalytic activity of HMM on TMCS surfaces was studied using (1) Alexa-ATP in total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) spectroscopy experiments and (2) Alexa-ATP and ATP in HPLC-aided ATPase measurements. The results support the hypothesis of different HMM configurations on the surface. However, a dominant proportion of the myosin heads were catalytically active, and their average steady-state hydrolysis rate was slightly higher (with Alexa-ATP) or markedly higher (with ATP) on the surface than in solution. The results are discussed in relation to the use of TMCS surfaces and Alexa-ATP for in vitro motility assays and single molecule studies. Furthermore, we propose a novel TIRF microscopy method to accurately determine the surface density of catalytically active myosin motors.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Balaz, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Protein-surface Interactions and Functional Geometry of Surface-adsorbed Myosin Motor Fragments
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Biophysical Society. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 96:3 Suppl. 1, s. 495A-495A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biophysical studies with myosin motor fragments (heavy meromyosin; HMM and subfragment 1; S1) adsorbed to artificial surfaces, are important for elucidation of actomyosin function. In spite of the widespread use of such in vitro motility assays and single molecule studies, little is known about the adsorption geometry and effects of protein-surface interactions on the motor properties. Here, we investigate these factors with focus on HMM using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) spectroscopy based ATPase assays. In the latter, we monitored the turnover of Alexa-fluor647-ATP (Alexa-ATP) by surface adsorbed HMM. Studies were performed with HMM/S1 adsorbed to model hydrophilic (SiO2) or hydrophobic (trimethyl-chlorosilane [TMCS] - derivatized) surfaces. The results suggest that adsorption of HMM is weakened on SiO2 (but not on TMCS) at high (245 mM) compared to low (65 mM) ionic strengths. The changes in ionic strength were also associated with structural changes in the protein layer according to QCM-D studies. Moreover, the TIRF based ATPase assay suggested a larger fraction of HMM molecules with low catalytic activity on SiO2. These and other TIRF and QCM-D results, suggest that HMM preferentially adsorbs to negatively charged hydrophilic surfaces via the actin-binding region. In contrast, the majority of the HMM molecules seem to adsorb via their C-terminal tail on moderately hydrophobic surfaces. In the latter case the catalytic sites appear to be close to, but not immobilized on the surface. The results with HMM were compared to, and found consistent with, QCM-D and TIRF-data obtained with S1 motor fragments.
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| 7. |
- Bergentall, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Malolactic fermentation in lingonberry juice and its use as a preservative
- 2024
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Ingår i: Food microbiology (Print). - 0740-0020 .- 1095-9998. ; 121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lingonberry is a common wild berry that is often sold as jams and beverages. It naturally contains high amounts of the weak acid preservative benzoic acid making it an interesting ingredient for shelf-life extension. Despite this, their use as a raw ingredient is limited by the inherently intense sour taste. This study aimed to improve the taste of lingonberry juice by subjecting it to malolactic fermentation in order to reduce the sourness, and to investigate the benzoic acid in lingonberries as a natural preservative in juice blends by determining the microbial stability. After initial screening of lactic acid bacteria, a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain was used as the starter for subsequent investigations. Upon raising the pH, all malic acid was completely converted to lactic acid after seven days. The fermented juice was mixed with blackcurrant juice in different proportions. Challenge tests of the blends showed Listeria monocytogenes could not grow in any juice samples, while Candida albicans only grew in the pure blackcurrant juice. Aspergillus brasiliensis growth was delayed in all samples containing benzoic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. The sourness and astringency were substantially reduced in the juice with added L. plantarum compared to the unfermented juice. © 2024 The Authors
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| 8. |
- Beye, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Bond Activation Observed with an X-ray Laser
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185 .- 1948-7185. ; 7:18, s. 3647-3651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of bonding and antibonding orbitals is fundamental in chemistry. The population of those orbitals and the energetic difference between the two reflect the strength of the bonding interaction. Weakening the bond is expected to reduce this energetic splitting, but the transient character of bond-activation has so far prohibited direct experimental access. Here we apply time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy at a free electron laser to directly observe the decreased bonding antibonding splitting following bond-activation using an ultrashort optical laser pulse.
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| 9. |
- Bolk, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Perinatal and Childhood Ischemic Stroke With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association. - 2574-3805. ; 5:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Early detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plays a crucial role in reducing negative effects on everyday life, including academic failure and poor social functioning. Children who survive ischemic strokes risk major disabilities, but their risk of ADHD has not been studied in nationwide cohorts. OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of ADHD in children after pediatric ischemic stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants in this Swedish nationwide cohort study included 1320 children diagnosed with ischemic stroke recorded in linked Swedish national registers from January 1, 1969, to December 31, 2016, without prior ADHD diagnosis. Ten matched controls were identified for each index case, and first-degree relatives were identified for index individuals and controls. Analyses were stratified by perinatal and childhood strokes and presence of comorbid adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy. End of follow-up was the date of ADHD diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2016, whichever occurred first. Data analyses were performed August 1 to 28, 2021. EXPOSURES Pediatric ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder identified using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and international Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, and/or prescribed ADHD medication recorded in the Medical Birth Register, National Patient Register, or Prescribed Drug Register after stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for ADHD after pediatric stroke, adjusting for parental age and ADHD in first-degree relatives. RESULTS Of 1320 children with stroke included in the analysis (701 boys [53.1%]), 75 (45 boys [60.0%]) were diagnosed with ADHD after stroke compared with 376 (252 boys [67.0%]) among the controls (aHR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.54-2.60]). The risk was increased after both perinatal (aHR, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.65-4.60]) and childhood (aHR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.34-2.48]) strokes and were similar if children born preterm or small for gestational age were excluded. Compared with controls, risks of ADHD were higher among children with perinatal stroke and adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy (aHR, 6.17 [95% CI, 2.80-13.62]) than among those without these comorbidities (aHR, 1.65 [95% CI, 0.80-3.42]). However, findings were similar in childhood stroke for children with adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy (aHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.12-2.89]) and among those without these comorbidities (aHR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.28-2.90]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study of 1320 children with pediatric ischemic stroke suggests that there is an increased risk of ADHD. particularly in children with adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy, compared with controls. The risk increases after childhood strokes regardless of comorbidities.
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| 10. |
- Bull, Cecilia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A novel mouse model of radiation-induced cancer survivorship diseases of the gut
- 2017
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 313:5, s. G456-G466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A deeper understanding of the radiation-induced pathophysiological processes that develop in the gut is imperative to prevent, alleviate, or eliminate cancer survivorship diseases after radiotherapy to the pelvic area. Most rodent models of high-dose gastrointestinal radiation injury are limited by high mortality. We therefore established a model that allows for the delivering of radiation in fractions at high doses while maintaining long-term survival. Adult male C57/BL6 mice were exposed to small-field irradiation, restricted to 1.5 cm of the colorectum using a linear accelerator. Each mouse received 6 or 8 Gy, two times daily in 12-h intervals in two, three, or four fractions. Acute cell death was examined at 4.5 h postirradiation and histological changes at 6 wk postirradiation. Another group was given four fractions of 8 Gy and followed over time for development of visible symptoms. Irradiation caused immediate cell death, mainly limited to the colorectum. At 6 wk postirradiation, several crypts displayed signs of radiation-induced degeneration. The degenerating crypts were seen alongside crypts that appeared perfectly healthy. Crypt survival was reduced after the fourth fraction regardless of dose, whereas the number of macrophages increased. Angiogenesis was induced, likely as a compensatory mechanism for hypoxia. Four months postirradiation, mice began to show radiation-induced symptoms, and histological examination revealed an extensive crypt loss and fibrosis. Our model is uniquely suitable for studying the long-term trajectory and underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A novel mouse model for studying the long-term trajectory of radiation-induced gut injury. The method allows for the use of high doses and multiple fractions, with minor impact on animal health for at least 3 mo. Crypt loss and a slow progression of fibrosis is observed. Crypt degeneration is a process restricted to isolated crypts. Crypt degeneration is presented as a convenient proxy endpoint for long-term radiation-induced gut injury.
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| 11. |
- Burguillos Garcia, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Microglia-Secreted Galectin-3 Acts as a Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligand and Contributes to Microglial Activation.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 10:9, s. 1626-1638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory response induced by microglia plays a critical role in the demise of neuronal populations in neuroinflammatory diseases. Although the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in microglia's inflammatory response is fully acknowledged, little is known about endogenous ligands that trigger TLR4 activation. Here, we report that galectin-3 (Gal3) released by microglia acts as an endogenous paracrine TLR4 ligand. Gal3-TLR4 interaction was further confirmed in a murine neuroinflammatory model (intranigral lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) and in human stroke subjects. Depletion of Gal3 exerted neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects following global brain ischemia and in the neuroinflammatory LPS model. These results suggest that Gal3-dependent-TLR4 activation could contribute to sustained microglia activation, prolonging the inflammatory response in the brain.
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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10 år med BDD-studien har gett bättre diabetesdiagnos hos barn : Studiens analysbatteri är nu klinisk rutin och kunskapen om olika diabetessjukdomar har ökat
- 2018
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 115:11, s. 484-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish study Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) has now been ongoing for ten years and detailed information and blood samples have been collected from more than 8000 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes. We have been able to demonstrate that by means of HLA diabetes antibodies and C-peptide the discrimination between type one and type 2 diabetes is improved. These analyses are therefore included in the clinical check-up for all children and adolescents in Sweden who are diagnosed with diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is by far the most prevalent type of diabetes among Swedish children and adolescents. Type 2 diabetes is still relatively rare in Sweden but it is urgent to obtain a correct diagnosis as the long-term prognosis depends on a prompt pharmacological treatment. Monogenic diabetes (MODY) is also important to identify early. We therefore recommend that sequencing of MODY genes should be performed if an individual with newly-diagnosed diabetes is auto-antibody negative and has an HLA pattern associated with low risk for type 1 diabetes. However, despite these analytical tools it can be difficult to make the correct diabetes diagnosis initially. It is therefore prudent to re-evaluate the diabetes diagnosis after one year.
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| 13. |
- Cnattingius, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal Obesity and Risk of Preterm Delivery
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 309:22, s. 2362-2370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability, and these risks increase with decreasing gestational age. Obesity increases the risk of preterm delivery, but the associations between overweight and obesity and subtypes of preterm delivery are not clear. Objective To study the associations between early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and risk of preterm delivery by gestational age and by precursors of preterm delivery. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based cohort study of women with live singleton births in Sweden from 1992 through 2010. Maternal and pregnancy characteristics were obtained from the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth Register. Main Outcomes and Measures Risks of preterm deliveries (extremely, 22-27 weeks; very, 28-31 weeks; and moderately, 32-36 weeks). These outcomes were further characterized as spontaneous (related to preterm contractions or preterm premature rupture of membranes) and medically indicated preterm delivery (cesarean delivery before onset of labor or induced onset of labor). Risk estimates were adjusted for maternal age, parity, smoking, education, height, mother's country of birth, and year of delivery. Results Among 1 599 551 deliveries with information on early pregnancy BMI, 3082 were extremely preterm, 6893 were very preterm, and 67 059 were moderately preterm. Risks of extremely, very, and moderately preterm deliveries increased with BMI and the overweight and obesity-related risks were highest for extremely preterm delivery. Among normal-weight women (BMI 18.5-<25), the rate of extremely preterm delivery was 0.17%. As compared with normal-weight women, rates (%) and adjusted odds ratios (ORs [95% CIs]) of extremely preterm delivery were as follows: BMI 25 to less than 30 (0.21%; OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15-1.37), BMI 30 to less than 35 (0.27%; OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.39-1.79), BMI 35 to less than 40 (0.35%; OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.66-2.45), and BMI of 40 or greater (0.52%; OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.28-3.92). Risk of spontaneous extremely preterm delivery increased with BMI among obese women (BMI >= 30). Risks of medically indicated preterm deliveries increased with BMI among overweight and obese women. Conclusions and Relevance In Sweden, maternal overweight and obesity during pregnancy were associated with increased risks of preterm delivery, especially extremely preterm delivery. These associations should be assessed in other populations.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about peoples preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in peoples perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Haas, Josephine, et al.
(författare)
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Guided self-determination-young versus standard care in the treatment of young females with type 1 diabetes : study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have the most unsatisfactory glycaemic control of all age groups and report higher disease burden, poorer perceived health, and lower quality of life than their male counterparts. Females with T1DM face an excess risk of all-cause mortality compared with men with T1DM. New methods are needed to help and support young females with T1DM to manage their disease. A prerequisite for successful diabetes management is to offer individualized, person-centred care and support the patient's own motivation. Guided self-determination (GSD) is a person-centred reflection and problem-solving method intended to support the patient's own motivation in the daily care of her diabetes and help develop skills to manage difficulties in diabetes self-management. GSD has been shown to improve glycaemic control and decrease psychosocial stress in young women with T1DM. The method has been adapted for adolescents and their parents, termed GSD-young (GSD-Y). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an intervention with GSD-Y in female adolescents with T1DM leads to improved glycaemic control, self-management, treatment satisfaction, perceived health and quality of life, fewer diabetes-related family conflicts, and improved psychosocial self-efficacy.METHODS/DESIGN: This is a parallel-group randomized controlled superiority trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. One hundred female adolescents with T1DM, 15-20 years of age, and their parents (if < 18 years of age), will be included. The intervention group will receive seven individual GSD-Y education visits over 3 to 6 months. The control group will receive standard care including regular visits to the diabetes clinic. The primary outcome is level of glycaemic control, measured as glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes include diabetes self-management, treatment satisfaction, perceived health and quality of life, diabetes-related family conflicts, and psychosocial self-efficacy. Data will be collected before randomization and at 6 and 12 months.DISCUSSION: Poor glycaemic control is common in female adolescents and young adults with T1DM. Long-standing hyperglycaemia increases the risks for severe complications and may also have an adverse impact on the outcome of future pregnancies. In this study, we want to evaluate if the GSD-Y method can be a useful tool in the treatment of female adolescents with T1DM.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current controlled trials, ISRCTN57528404 . Registered on 18 February 2015.
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| 21. |
- Haas, Josephine, et al.
(författare)
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Time-trends in body mass index, and overweight and obesity as independent risk factors for diabetes angiopathy in young females with type 1 diabetes : A nationwide study in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To examine time-trends in BMI-distributions of young females with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D), with focus on the upper half of the distribution i.e., the median and above, and to explore if overweight and obesity independently increase risk of diabetes angiopathy.Methods: Population-based cohort study of 3,473 females with T1D, 16-35 years, identified in the Swedish National Diabetes Registers, January 2005 to October 2015, and 8,487 females from the background population. BMI-distributions were examined using kernel density estimates and quantile regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for angiopathy in overweight/obese subjects were estimated with adjusted Cox regression.Results: The BMI-distribution in females with T1D was right shifted to that of the background population (p < 0.001). The 90th percentile and median BMI increased equally overtime in both groups, but females with T1D started from a higher baseline. In T1D, HRs were significantly increased for any angiopathy in individuals with obesity (adj HR 1.37 (CI 1.14-1.64)), and for retinopathy; adj HRs (CIs): overweight; 1.15 (1.02-1.29), obesity; 1.30 (1.08-1.56).Conclusions: Females with T1D have increasing BMI overtime and are heavier than females without T1D. Overweight and obesity are by themselves risk factors for angiopathy.
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| 22. |
- Haas, Josephine, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment satisfaction correlated with glycaemic control and burden of diabetes in Swedish adolescents with type 1 diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:3, s. 573-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess treatment satisfaction and perceived discomfort or pain from the treatment, and potential associations with glycaemic control, type of treatment, perceived burden of diabetes, sex and age, in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at one paediatric and at one adult diabetes clinic in Sweden, preceded by a translation of 'Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) Teen'. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (15-20 years) participated. The questionnaires 'DTSQ Teen' and 'Check your health' were used. Data on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), type of treatment, sex and age were collected.Results: One hundred and thirty-eight adolescents (70 females, mean age 17.3, mean HbA1c 64.0 mmol/mol) participated. Treatment satisfaction correlated inversely with HbA1c (r = -.352, P < .001) and with all types of burden of diabetes (r = -.342 to -0.467, P < .001), but did not differ with type of treatment, sex and age. Perceived pain correlated inversely with burden on physical health (r = -.265, P = .002), mental health (r = -.237, P = .006) and quality of life (r = -.246, P = .004) but not with HbA1c, age or burden on social relations. Females perceived more discomfort or pain.Conclusion: In Swedish adolescents with type 1 diabetes, treatment satisfaction correlated with both glycaemic control and perceived burden of diabetes.
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| 23. |
- Hedenius, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Recognition Memory after Incidental Encoding in Children with Developmental Dyslexia
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5, s. e63998-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental dyslexia (DD) has previously been associated with a number of cognitive deficits. Little attention has been directed to cognitive functions that remain intact in the disorder, though the investigation and identification of such strengths might be useful for developing new, and improving current, therapeutical interventions. In this study, an old/new recognition memory paradigm was used to examine previously untested aspects of declarative memory in children with DD and typically developing control children. The DD group was not only not impaired at the task, but actually showed superior recognition memory, as compared to the control children. These findings complement previous reports of enhanced cognition in other domains (e. g., visuo-spatial processing) in DD. Possible underlying mechanisms for the observed DD advantage in declarative memory, and the possibility of compensation by this system for reading deficits in dyslexia, are discussed.
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| 24. |
- Hedenius, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Grammar predicts procedural learning and consolidation deficits in children with Specific Language Impairment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 32:6, s. 2362-2375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH) posits that Specific Language Impairment (SLI) can be largely explained by abnormalities of brain structures that subserve procedural memory. The PDH predicts impairments of procedural memory itself, and that such impairments underlie the grammatical deficits observed in the disorder. Previous studies have indeed reported procedural learning impairments in SLI, and have found that these are associated with grammatical difficulties. The present study extends this research by examining consolidation and longer-term procedural sequence learning in children with SLI. The Alternating Serial Reaction Time (ASRT) task was given to children with SLI and typically developing (TD) children in an initial learning session and an average of three days later to test for consolidation and longer-term learning. Although both groups showed evidence of initial sequence learning, only the TD children showed clear signs of consolidation, even though the two groups did not differ in longer-term learning. When the children were re-categorized on the basis of grammar deficits rather than broader language deficits, a clearer pattern emerged. Whereas both the grammar impaired and normal grammar groups showed evidence of initial sequence learning, only those with normal grammar showed consolidation and longer-term learning. Indeed, the grammar-impaired group appeared to lose any sequence knowledge gained during the initial testing session. These findings held even when controlling for vocabulary or a broad non-grammatical language measure, neither of which were associated with procedural memory. When grammar was examined as a continuous variable over all children, the same relationships between procedural memory and grammar, but not vocabulary or the broader language measure, were observed. Overall, the findings support and further specify the PDH. They suggest that consolidation and longer-term procedural learning are impaired in SLI, but that these impairments are specifically tied to the grammatical deficits in the disorder. The possibility that consolidation and longer-term learning are problematic in the disorder suggests a locus of potential study for therapeutic approaches. In sum, this study clarifies our understanding of the underlying deficits in SLI, and suggests avenues for further research.
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| 25. |
- Hedenius, Martina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired implicit sequence learning in children with developmental dyslexia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 34:11, s. 3924-3935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that an impairment of procedural memory underlies a range of linguistic, cognitive and motor impairments observed in developmental dyslexia (DD). However, studies designed to test this hypothesis using the implicit sequence learning paradigm have yielded inconsistent results. A fundamental aspect of procedural learning is that it takes place over an extended time-period that may be divided into distinct stages based on both behavioural characteristics and neural correlates of performance. Yet, no study of implicit sequence learning in children with DD has included learning stages beyond a single practice session. The present study was designed to fill this important gap by extending the investigation to include the effects of overnight consolidation as well as those of further practice on a subsequent day. The results suggest that the most pronounced procedural learning impairment in DD may emerge only after extended practice, in learning stages beyond a single practice session.
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