| 1. |
- Halkjær, Sofie Ingdam, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 29:20, s. 3185-3202
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND; Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in developed countries and reduces patients’ quality of life, hinders their ability to work, and increases health care costs. A growing number of trials have demonstrated an aberrant gut microbiota composition in IBS, also known as ‘gut dysbiosis’. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as a treatment for IBS.AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of FMT for the treatment of IBS.METHODS: We searched Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science up to 24 October 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of FMT compared to placebo (including autologous FMT) in treating IBS. The primary outcome was the number of patients with improvements of symptoms measured using a validated, global IBS symptoms score. Secondary outcomes were changes in quality-of-life scores, non-serious and serious adverse events. Risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95%CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, as were the mean differences (MD) and 95%CI for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the trials. GRADE criteria were used to assess the overall quality of the evidence.RESULTS: Eight RCTs (484 participants) were included in the review. FMT resulted in no significant benefit in IBS symptoms three months after treatment compared to placebo (RR 1.19, 95%CI: 0.68-2.10). Adverse events were reported in 97 participants in the FMT group and in 45 participants in the placebo group (RR 1.17, 95%CI: 0.63-2.15). One serious adverse event occurred in the FMT group and two in the placebo group (RR 0.42, 95%CI: 0.07-2.60). Endoscopic FMT delivery resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms, while capsules did not. FMT did not improve the quality of life of IBS patients but, instead, appeared to reduce it, albeit non significantly (MD -6.30, 95%CI: -13.39-0.79). The overall quality of the evidence was low due to moderate-high inconsistency, the small number of patients in the studies, and imprecision.CONCLUSION: We found insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of FMT for IBS. Larger trials are needed
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| 2. |
- Hendriksen, Rene S., et al.
(författare)
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Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, The Author(s). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health, but obtaining representative data on AMR for healthy human populations is difficult. Here, we use metagenomic analysis of untreated sewage to characterize the bacterial resistome from 79 sites in 60 countries. We find systematic differences in abundance and diversity of AMR genes between Europe/North-America/Oceania and Africa/Asia/South-America. Antimicrobial use data and bacterial taxonomy only explains a minor part of the AMR variation that we observe. We find no evidence for cross-selection between antimicrobial classes, or for effect of air travel between sites. However, AMR gene abundance strongly correlates with socio-economic, health and environmental factors, which we use to predict AMR gene abundances in all countries in the world. Our findings suggest that global AMR gene diversity and abundance vary by region, and that improving sanitation and health could potentially limit the global burden of AMR. We propose metagenomic analysis of sewage as an ethically acceptable and economically feasible approach for continuous global surveillance and prediction of AMR.
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| 3. |
- Holster, Savanne, 1991-
(författare)
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Faecal Microbiota Transfer in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Collagenous Colitis : Clinical outcomes and host-microbe interactions
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) aims at restoring a disturbed gut microbiotaby introducing faecal material from a healthy donor into a patient’s intestine. This approach is known as a safe and effective treatment in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. This thesis describes the outcomes of two clinical studies in which FMT was investigated as a therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients andin collagenous colitis (CC) patients. Paper I showed that there were no significant differences in IBS symptom scores between patients receiving faecal material from a healthy donor (allogenic FMT) and patients receiving their own faecal material back (autologous FMT). However, unlike autologous FMT, allogenic FMT significantly decreased symptom scores compared to baseline. Additionally, allogenic FMT wasshown to alter the faecal as well as the mucosal microbiota of the IBSpatients. However, also the autologous FMT had an effect on the faecal and mucosal microbiota indicating that the bowel cleansing and/or theprocessing of the autologous faecal material affected the gut microbiota. Paper II showed that the allogenic FMT evoked a clearly different host response in IBS patients than the autologous FMT. Paper III showedthat allogenic FMT did not result in altered faecal metabolite profilesbut in disturbed interactions between the gut microbiota and its metabolites compared to autologous FMT. Paper IV describes the outcomes of the second clinical study in which repeated FMTs resulted inless diarrhoea in a subset of the treated CC patients.Although symptoms improved in both clinical studies, the introduction of a new microbiota by FMT did not seem to be the miracle curefor IBS and CC. However, a subset of patients could benefit from FMT, and a future challenge is to identify this subset. The findings of this thesis are essential for designing further studies aimed at increasing FMT efficacy.
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