| 1. |
- Jalkanen, Ville, et al.
(författare)
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SuPAR and PAI-1 in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients
- 2013
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 39:3, s. 489-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:SuPAR (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) are active in the coagulation-fibrinolysis pathway. Both have been suggested as biomarkers for disease severity. We evaluated them in prediction of mortality, acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in operative and non-operative ventilated patients.METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Blood samples and data of intensive care were collected. Mechanically ventilated patients with baseline suPAR and PAI-1 measurements were included in the analysis, and healthy volunteers were analysed for comparison. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC), logistic regression, likelihood ratios and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed.RESULTS:Baseline suPAR was 11.6 ng/ml (quartiles Q1-Q3, 9.6-14.0), compared to healthy volunteers with suPAR of 0.6 ng/ml (0.5-11.0). PAI-1 concentrations were 2.67 ng/ml (1.53-4.69) and 0.3 ng/ml (0.3-0.4), respectively. ROC analysis for suPAR 90-day mortality areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) 0.61 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.55-0.67), sepsis 0.68 (0.61-0.76), ALI/ARDS 0.64 (0.56-0.73) and RRT 0.65 (0.56-0.73). Patients with the highest quartile of suPAR concentrations had an odds ratio of 2.52 (1.37-4.64, p = 0.003) for 90-day mortality and 3.16 (1.19-8.41, p = 0.02) for ALI/ARDS. In non-operative patients, the AUC's for suPAR were 90-day mortality 0.61 (0.54-0.68), RRT 0.73 (0.64-0.83), sepsis 0.70 (0.60-0.80), ALI/ARDS 0.61 (0.51-0.71). Predictive value of PAI-1 was negligible.CONCLUSIONS:In non-operative patients, low concentrations of suPAR were predictive for survival and high concentrations for RRT and mortality. SuPAR may be used for screening for patients with potentially good survival. The association with RRT may supply an early warning sign for acute renal failure.
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| 2. |
- Humaloja, Jaana, et al.
(författare)
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GFAp and tau protein as predictors of neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : A post hoc analysis of the COMACARE trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572. ; 170, s. 141-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To determine the ability of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) and tau protein to predict neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: We measured plasma concentrations of GFAp and tau of patients included in the previously published COMACARE trial (NCT02698917) on intensive care unit admission and at 24, 48, and 72 h after OHCA, and compared them to neuron specific enolase (NSE). NSE concentrations were determined already during the original trial. We defined unfavourable outcome as a cerebral performance category (CPC) score of 3–5 six months after OHCA. We determined the prognostic accuracy of GFAp and tau using the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUROC). Results: Overall, 39/112 (35%) patients had unfavourable outcomes. Over time, both markers were evidently higher in the unfavourable outcome group (p < 0.001). At 48 h, the median (interquartile range) GFAp concentration was 1514 (886–4995) in the unfavourable versus 238 (135–463) pg/ml in the favourable outcome group (p < 0.001). The corresponding tau concentrations were 99.6 (14.5–352) and 3.0 (2.2–4.8) pg/ml (p < 0.001). AUROCs at 48 and 72 h were 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.85–0.97) and 0.91 (0.85–0.96) for GFAp and 0.93 (0.86–0.99) and 0.95 (0.89–1.00) for tau. Corresponding AUROCs for NSE were 0.86 (0.79–0.94) and 0.90 (0.82–0.97). The difference between the prognostic accuracies of GFAp or tau and NSE were not statistically significant. Conclusions: At 48 and 72 h, serum both GFAp and tau demonstrated excellent accuracy in predicting outcomes after OHCA but were not superior to NSE. Clinical trial registration: NCT02698917 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02698917).
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| 3. |
- Linné, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin C and derived measures of renal function as risk factors for mortality and acute kidney injury in sepsis – A post-hoc analysis of the FINNAKI cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Critical Care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To assess the association between cystatin C-derived estimates of kidney function and mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis. Materials and methods: Post-hoc analysis of sepsis patients in the FINNAKI-cohort (n = 802). Primary outcome was 90-day mortality. We measured plasma cystatin C and creatinine at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRcys, eGFRcrea) and shrunken pore syndrome (SPS; defined as eGFRcys/eGFRcrea ratio < 0.7). Associations were assessed using Cox- or logistic regression. Results: Increased cystatin C and decreased eGFRcys were associated with mortality in unadjusted analyses and in analyses adjusted for illness severity and creatinine. Hazard ratios (HRs) in unadjusted analyses were 3.30 (95% CI; 2.12–5.13, p < 0.001) and 3.26 (95% CI; 2.12–5.02, p < 0.001) respectively. SPS was associated with mortality in an unadjusted- (HR 1.78, 95% CI; 1.33–2.37, p < 0.001) and in an adjusted analysis (HR 1.54, 95% CI; 1.07–2.22, p = 0.021). All cystatin C-derived measures were associated with mortality also after adjustment for AKI development. Cystatin C was associated with AKI in unadjusted analyses but not in analyses adjusted for creatinine. Conclusion: Cystatin C and derived measures of kidney function at ICU admission are associated with an increased 90-day mortality. Increased AKI incidence does not fully explain this association.
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| 4. |
- Liuhanen, Sasu, et al.
(författare)
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Indirect measurement of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx layer thickness in human submucosal capillaries with a plug-in for ImageJ
- 2013
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Ingår i: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2607 .- 1872-7565. ; 110:1, s. 38-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The thickness of vascular endothelial glycocalyx layer can be measured indirectly during a spontaneous leukocyte passage from oral submucosal capillaries in humans. The subsequent differences in red blood cell (RBC) column widths, before a spontaneous white blood cell passage (pre-WBC) and after a spontaneous WBC passage (post-WBC) can be used in off-line analysis to measure glycocalyx thickness: [pre-WBC width-post-WBC width]/2. We created and validated a semi-automatic plug-in for ImageJ to measure the endothelial glycocalyx layer thickness.METHODS:Video clips presenting human sublingual microvasculature were created with a side-stream dark field imaging device. Spontaneous leukocyte passages in capillaries were analyzed from video clips with ImageJ. The capillary glycocalyx layer thickness was measured by the indirect approach with two manual and two semi-automatic methods.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between glycocalyx layer thicknesses measured with different methods, even though small inter-method differences in RBC column thicknesses could be detected. Inter-rater differences were systematically smaller with both semi-automatic methods. Intra-rater coefficient of variation [CV] (95% CI) was largest when measurements were made completely manually [9.2% (8.4-10.0)], but improved significantly with automatic image enhancement prior to manual measurement [7.2% (6.4-8.0)]. CV could be improved further when using semi-automatic analysis with an in-frame median filter radius of 1 pixel [5.8% (5.0-6.6)], or a median filter radius of 2 pixels [4.3% (3.5-5.1)].CONCLUSIONS: Semi-automatic analysis of glycocalyx decreased the intra-rater CV and the inter-rater differences compared to the manual method. On average, each of the four methods yielded equal results for the glycocalyx thickness. Being the only feasible bed side method in most clinical scenarios, indirect measurement of glycocalyx thickness with orthogonal polarization spectral imaging or side-stream dark field imaging device and our plug-in can advance the study of glycocalyx layer pathology in man.
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| 5. |
- Myhre, Peder Langeland, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating chromogranin B levels in patients with acute respiratory failure : data from the FINNALI Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biomarkers. - 1354-750X .- 1366-5804. ; 22:8, s. 775-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Circulating chromogranin B (CgB) levels are increased in situations characterized by systemic and myocardial stress, but whether CgB provides prognostic information in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) is unknown.METHODS: We included 584 patients with ARF, defined as ventilatory support >6 h, and with blood samples available on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and day 3 (n = 479). CgB levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and follow-up was 90 days.RESULTS: One-hundred-sixty-nine patients (29%) died during follow-up. Admission CgB levels separated non-survivors from survivors: median 1234 (Q1-3 989-1742) vs. 917 (753-1224) pmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001. CgB levels on ICU admission (logarithmically transformed) were associated with time to death after adjustment for established risk indices available on ICU admission, including N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic levels: HR 2.62 (95%C.I. 1.82-3.77), p < 0.001. Admission CgB levels also improved prognostication on top of SOFA and SAPS II scores as assessed by Cox regression analyses and the category-free net reclassification index. The area under the curve (AUC) for admission CgB levels to separate survivors and non-survivors was 0.72 (95%CI 0.67-0.76), while the AUC on day 3 was 0.60 (0.54-0.66).CONCLUSIONS: CgB levels measured on ICU admission provided additional prognostic information to established risk indices in ARF patients.
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| 6. |
- Myhre, Peder L., et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Value of Secretoneurin in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure : Data from the FINNALI Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 62:10, s. 1380-1389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We examined whether secretoneurin (SN), a biomarker associated with cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling, provides prognostic information in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).METHODS: We included 490 patients with ARF, defined as ventilatory support >6 h, with blood samples available on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). SN concentrations were measured by RIA.RESULTS: A total of 209 patients (43%) were hospitalized with cardiovascular (CV)-related ARF, and 90-day mortality rates were comparable between CV- and non CV-related ARF (n = 281): 31% vs 24%, P = 0.11. Admission SN concentrations were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors in both CV -related (median 148 [quartile 1-3, 117-203] vs 108 [87-143] pmol/L, P < 0.001) and non CV-related ARF (139 [115-184] vs 113 [91-139] pmol/L, P < 0.001). In patients with CV -related ARF, SN concentrations on ICU admission were associated with 90-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.97 (95% CI, 1.04-3.73, P = 0.04)] after adjusting for established risk indices, including N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations. SN also improved patient classification in CV -related ARF as assessed by the net reclassification index: 0.32 (95% CI, 0.04-0.59), P = 0.03. The area under the curve (AUC) of SN to predict mortality in patients with CV -related ARF was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65-0.79), and the AUC of NT-proBNP was 0.64 (0.56-0.73). In contrast, SN concentrations on ICU admission did not provide incremental prognostic value to established risk indices in patients with non CV-related ARF, and the AUC was 0.67 (0.60-0.75).CONCLUSIONS: SN concentrations measured on ICU admission provided incremental prognostic information to established risk indices in patients with CV -related ARF, but not in patients with non CV-related ARF.
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| 7. |
- Nisula, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence, risk factors and 90-day mortality of patients with acute kidney injury in Finnish intensive care units : the FINNAKI study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 39:3, s. 420-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSEWe aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in Finnish ICUs.METHODSThis prospective, observational, multi-centre study comprised adult emergency admissions and elective patients whose stay exceeded 24 h during a 5-month period in 17 Finnish ICUs. We defined AKI first by the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria supplemented with a baseline creatinine and second with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We screened the patients' AKI status and risk factors for up to 5 days.RESULTSWe included 2,901 patients. The incidence (95 % confidence interval) of AKI was 39.3 % (37.5-41.1 %). The incidence was 17.2 % (15.8-18.6 %) for stage 1, 8.0 % (7.0-9.0 %) for stage 2 and 14.1 % (12.8-15.4 %) for stage 3 AKI. Of the 2,901 patients 296 [10.2 % (9.1-11.3 %)] received renal replacement therapy. We received an identical classification with the new KDIGO criteria. The population-based incidence (95 % CI) of ICU-treated AKI was 746 (717-774) per million population per year (reference population: 3,671,143, i.e. 85 % of the Finnish adult population). In logistic regression, pre-ICU hypovolaemia, diuretics, colloids and chronic kidney disease were independent risk factors for AKI. Hospital mortality (95 % CI) for AKI patients was 25.6 % (23.0-28.2 %) and the 90-day mortality for AKI patients was 33.7 % (30.9-36.5 %). All AKIN stages were independently associated with 90-day mortality.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of AKI in the critically ill in Finland was comparable to previous large multi-centre ICU studies. Hospital mortality (26 %) in AKI patients appeared comparable to or lower than in other studies.
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| 8. |
- Nurmi, Jouni, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of protocol compliance to cardiac arrest identification by emergency medical dispatchers.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572. ; 70:3, s. 463-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of protocol compliance to the accuracy of cardiac arrest (CA) identification by the dispatchers. METHODS: The study was conducted prospectively over a 1-year period in 1996. The calls categorized as non-traumatic CAs by the dispatcher and calls where the patient was in non-traumatic CA when ambulance crew arrived were included in the study. The data was collected from emergency call tape recordings and ambulance run sheets. The compliance to the protocol was defined as gathering information to two questions: (1) Is the patient awake or can she/he be awakened? and (2) Is she/he breathing normally? RESULTS: The number of calls included in the study was 776 and the dispatchers identified 83% of the CAs. The protocol was adhered in 52.4% of calls, more often in witnessed than unwitnessed cases (72.3% versus 45.0%, P<0.001). In correctly identified CAs, the protocol compliance was 49.4%. The compliance was higher in cases of unidentified CAs (60.3%, P=0.0326) and in cases of wrongly identified as CAs (false positives, 61.9%, P=0.0276). CONCLUSIONS: A high identification rate of CAs seems to be achievable despite poor protocol compliance by dispatchers.
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| 9. |
- Ottesen, Anett Hellebø, et al.
(författare)
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Secretoneurin is a novel prognostic cardiovascular biomarker associated with cardiomyocyte calcium handling.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 65:4, s. 339-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Secretoneurin (SN) levels are increased in patients with heart failure (HF), but whether SN provides prognostic information and influences cardiomyocyte function is unknown.OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the merit of SN as a cardiovascular biomarker and assess effects of SN on cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) handling.METHODS: We assessed the association between circulating SN levels and mortality in 2 patient cohorts and the functional properties of SN in experimental models.RESULTS: In 143 patients hospitalized for acute HF, SN levels were closely associated with mortality (n = 66) during follow-up (median 776 days; hazard ratio [lnSN]: 4.63; 95% confidence interval: 1.93 to 11.11; p = 0.001 in multivariate analysis). SN reclassified patients to their correct risk strata on top of other predictors of mortality. In 155 patients with ventricular arrhythmia-induced cardiac arrest, SN levels were also associated with short-term mortality (n = 51; hazard ratio [lnSN]: 3.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.83 to 6.05; p < 0.001 in multivariate analysis). Perfusing hearts with SN yielded markedly increased myocardial levels and SN internalized into cardiomyocytes by endocytosis. Intracellularly, SN reduced Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) activity via direct SN-CaM and SN-CaMKII binding and attenuated CaMKIIδ-dependent phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor. SN also reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak, augmented sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content, increased the magnitude and kinetics of cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) transients and contractions, and attenuated Ca(2+) sparks and waves in HF cardiomyocytes.CONCLUSIONS: SN provided incremental prognostic information to established risk indices in acute HF and ventricular arrhythmia-induced cardiac arrest.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Røsjø, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Value of Secretoneurin in Critically III Patients With Infections
- 2016
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Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 44:10, s. 1882-1890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives : Secretoneurin is produced in neuroendocrine cells, and the myocardium and circulating secretoneurin levels provide incremental prognostic information to established risk indices in cardiovascular disease. As myocardial dysfunction contributes to poor outcome in critically ill patients, we wanted to assess the prognostic value of secretoneurin in two cohorts of critically ill patients with infections. Design: Two prospective, observational studies. Setting: Twenty-four and twenty-five ICUs in Finland. Patients: A total of 232 patients with severe sepsis (cohort #1) and 94 patients with infections and respiratory failure (cohort #2). Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: We measured secretoneurin levels by radioimmunoassay in samples obtained early after ICU admission and compared secretoneurin with other risk indices. In patients with severe sepsis, admission secretoneurin levels (logarithmically transformed) were associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.17 [95% CI, 1.12-9.00]; p = 0.030) and shock during the hospitalization (odds ratio, 2.17 [1.06-4.46]; p = 0.034) in analyses that adjusted for other risk factors available on ICU admission. Adding secretoneurin levels to age, which was also associated with hospital mortality in the multivariate model, improved the risk prediction as assessed by the category-free net reclassification index: 0.35 (95% CI, 0.06-0.64) (p = 0.02). In contrast, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels were not associated with mortality in the multivariate model that included secretoneurin measurements, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide did not improve patient classification on top of age. Secretoneurin levels were also associated with hospital mortality after adjusting for other risk factors and improved patient classification in cohort #2. In both cohorts, the optimal cutoff for secretoneurin levels at ICU admission to predict hospital mortality was approximate to 175 pmol/L, and higher levels were associated with mortality also when adjusting for Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Conclusions: Secretoneurin levels provide incremental information to established risk indices for the prediction of mortality and shock in critically ill patients with severe infections.
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| 12. |
- Sallisalmi, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma hyaluronan and hemorheology in patients with septic shock : a clinical and experimental study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation. - 1386-0291 .- 1875-8622. ; 56:2, s. 133-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDTotal plasma hyaluronan concentration is increased in septic shock. High-molecular-weight hyaluronan has a high intrinsic viscosity. Excessive release of high-molecular-weight hyaluronan in sepsis may induce hyperviscosity.METHODSPlasma viscosity and the molecular size of plasma hyaluronan were determined in 20 patients with septic shock and in 20 healthy controls. Ex vivo, the effects of 0.4% and 0.047% high-molecular-weight hyaluronan 1560 kDa, 0.9% saline, and 6% hydroxy-ethyl-starch 130 kDa were compared to plasma and whole blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation at a systemic hematocrit of 0.4, and at a microcirculatory hematocrit of 0.2.RESULTSPlasma viscosity and total plasma protein content were low in septic shock patients on days one and four of treatment. Hyaluronan concentration was 10-fold higher in sepsis on day 1. Molecular weight of hyaluronan was relatively low, mostly 50-500 kDa, and did not change significantly in sepsis. Ex vivo, 0.4% high-molecular-weight hyaluronan 1560 kDa increased blood viscosity but did not promote red blood cell aggregation. Dilutions of 6% hydroxyl-ethyl-starch 130 kDa and 0.047% high-molecular-weight hyaluronan 1560 kDa had comparable effects on blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation.CONCLUSIONSPlasma viscosity of the septic patients remained low for four days despite markedly elevated concentration of relatively small-molecular-weight hyaluronan.
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| 13. |
- Tverring, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Heparin-binding protein (HBP) improves prediction of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of Intensive Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2110-5820. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) accounts for major morbidity and mortality among the critically ill. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a promising biomarker in predicting development and prognosis of severe sepsis and septic shock that has recently been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of AKI. The objective of this study was to investigate the added predictive value of measuring plasma HBP on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) regarding the development of septic AKI. Methods: We included 601 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock from the prospective, observational FINNAKI study conducted in seventeen Finnish ICUs during a 5-month period (1 September 2011–1 February 2012). The main outcome measure was the development of KDIGO AKI stages 2–3 from 12 h after admission up to 5 days. Statistical analysis for the primary endpoint included construction of a clinical risk model, area under the receiver operating curve (ROC area), category-free net reclassification index (cfNRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Out of 511 eligible patients, 101 (20%) reached the primary endpoint. The addition of plasma HBP to a clinical risk model significantly increased ROC area (0.82 vs. 0.78, p = 0.03) and risk classification scores: cfNRI 62.0% (95% CI 40.5–82.4%) and IDI 0.053 (95% CI 0.029–0.075). Conclusions: Plasma HBP adds predictive value to known clinical risk factors in septic AKI. Further studies are warranted to compare the predictive performance of plasma HBP to other novel AKI biomarkers.
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| 14. |
- Wiersema, Renske, et al.
(författare)
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Two subphenotypes of septic acute kidney injury are associated with different 90-day mortality and renal recovery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The pathophysiology of septic acute kidney injury is inadequately understood. Recently, subphenotypes for sepsis and AKI have been derived. The objective of this study was to assess whether a combination of comorbidities, baseline clinical data, and biomarkers could classify meaningful subphenotypes in septic AKI with different outcomes. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of the prospective Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study cohort. We included patients admitted with sepsis and acute kidney injury during the first 48 h from admission to intensive care (according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome criteria). Primary outcomes were 90-day mortality and renal recovery on day 5. We performed latent class analysis using 30 variables obtained on admission to classify subphenotypes. Second, we used logistic regression to assess the association of derived subphenotypes with 90-day mortality and renal recovery on day 5. Results: In total, 301 patients with septic acute kidney injury were included. Based on the latent class analysis, a two-class model was chosen. Subphenotype 1 was assigned to 133 patients (44%) and subphenotype 2 to 168 patients (56%). Increased levels of inflammatory and endothelial injury markers characterized subphenotype 2. At 90 days, 29% of patients in subphenotype 1 and 41% of patients in subphenotype 2 had died. Subphenotype 2 was associated with a lower probability of short-term renal recovery and increased 90-day mortality. Conclusions: In this post hoc analysis, we identified two subphenotypes of septic acute kidney injury with different clinical outcomes. Future studies are warranted to validate the suggested subphenotypes of septic acute kidney injury.
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