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- Ponchon, Aurore, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking prospecting movements involved in breeding habitat selection : insights, pitfalls and perspectives
- 2013
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Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2041-210X. ; 4:2, s. 143-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prospecting allows individuals to gather information on the local quality of potential future breeding sites. In a variable and heterogeneous environment, it plays a major role in breeding habitat selection and potentially helps individuals make optimal dispersal decisions. Although prospecting movements, involving visits to other breeding sites, have been observed in many species at relatively fine spatial scales, little is known about their occurrence at larger scales. Furthermore, the adaptive value of dispersal strategies in response to environmental changes remains poorly investigated. Here, our main objective is to highlight in what ways tracking devices could constitute powerful tools to study prospecting behaviour at various spatial scales. First, we stress the importance of considering prospecting movements involved in breeding habitat selection and we detail the type of data that can be collected. Then, we review the advantages and constraints associated with the use of tracking devices in this context, and we suggest new perspectives to investigate the behavioural strategies adopted by individuals during breeding habitat selection processes and dispersal decisions. The rapid development of new powerful electronic tools for tracking individual behaviour thus opens a wide range of opportunities. More specifically, it may allow a more thorough understanding of the role of scale-dependent dispersal behaviour in population responses to environmental changes.
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| 2. |
- Johnson, Gavin, et al.
(författare)
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Curriculum for ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound training in Europe : European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
- 2021
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Ingår i: Endoscopy. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0013-726X .- 1438-8812. ; 53:10, s. 1071-1087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has recognized the need to formalize and enhance training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). This manuscript represents the outcome of a formal Delphi process resulting in an official Position Statement of the ESGE and provides a framework to develop and maintain skills in ERCP and EUS.This curriculum is set out in terms of the prerequisites prior to training; recommended steps of training to a defined syllabus; the quality of training; and how competence should be defined and evidenced before independent practice. 1 Trainees should be competent in gastroscopy prior to commencing training. Formal training courses and the use of simulation in training are recommended. 2 Trainees should keep a contemporaneous logbook of their procedures, including key performance indicators and the degree of independence. Structured formative assessment is encouraged to enhance feedback. There should be a summative assessment process prior to commencing independent practice to ensure there is robust evidence of competence. This evidence should include a review of a trainee's procedure volume and current performance measures. A period of mentoring is strongly recommended in the early stages of independent practice. 3 Specifically for ERCP, all trainees should be competent up to Schutz level 2 complexity (management of distal biliary strictures and stones >10mm), with advanced ERCP requiring a further period of training. Prior to independent practice, ESGE recommends that a trainee can evidence a procedure volume of >300 cases, a native papilla cannulation rate of ≥80% (90% after a period of mentored independent practice), complete stones clearance of ≥85%, and successful stenting of distal biliary strictures of ≥90% (90% and 95% respectively after a mentored period of independent practice). 4 The progression of EUS training and competence attainment should start from diagnostic EUS and then proceed to basic therapeutic EUS, and finally to advanced therapeutic EUS. Before independent practice, ESGE recommends that a trainee can evidence a procedure volume of >250 cases (75 fine-needle aspirations/biopsies [FNA/FNBs]), satisfactory visualization of key anatomical landmarks in ≥90% of cases, and an FNA/FNB accuracy rate of ≥85%. ESGE recognizes the often inadequate quality of the evidence and the need for further studies pertaining to training in advanced endoscopy, particularly in relation to therapeutic EUS.
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