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- Rudner, Mary, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive spare capacity as a measure of listening effort
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Hearing Science. - : Instytut Narzadow Zmyslow. - 2083-389X .- 2084-3127. ; 1:2, s. EA47-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a recent interest in listening effort as a factor to be taken into account in the audiological clinic. However, the term “listening effort” is poorly determined and needs to be defined before it can be used as a clinical or research tool. One way of understanding listening effort is in terms of the cognitive resources expended during listening. Cognitive capacity is finite and thus if cognitive capacity is used up during the act of listening to speech there will be fewer cognitive resources left to process the content of the message conveyed. We have introduced the term Cognitive Spare Capacity (CSC) to refer to residual cognitive capacity once successful listening has taken place. This extended abstract described the work we have carried out to date on measures of CSC for research and clinical use. In the course of this work we have developed tests to assess the role of memory load, executive function and audiovisual integration in CSC under challenging conditions. When these tests are fully developed, our aim is that they should allow objective individual assessment of listening effort in cognitive terms. Results to date indicate that under challenging conditions, CSC is an arena for executive processing of temporarily stored information; it is related to individual working memory capacity and can be enhanced by hearing aid signal processing.
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- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturorienterad psykologi
- 2005
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Ingår i: Vår tids psykologi. - 9789127094208 ; , s. 563-578
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter gives an introduction to how psychology has dealt with the human being as a culture influenced being. This topic is discussed also within the context of cross-cultural interaction and migration to a new country. First the debate on the meaning of culture is reviewed and discussed. Here the changing and heterogeneous nature of socially dependent understanding is emphasized. The larger part of the chapter consists of a presentation of three approaches in culture oriented psychology: Cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology and the indigenous psychologies.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative memory : how is our ability to remember affected by interaction with others?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Everyday memory. - Hove : Psychology Press. - 9781841695792 ; , s. 135-156
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socialization with relatives, friends and colleagues is often regarded as one of the main ingredients of life. Our thoughts, beliefs and ways of life ar affected by socialization. The question to be discussed in this chapter is how social interaction affects our mental processes, especially our memory processes.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Rehabilitering
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordisk lärobok i audiologi. - Bromma : C. A. Tegnér AB. - 9789163194405 ; , s. 325-389
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sjukdomstillstånd och skador i organ och vävnader orsakar diverse funktionella avvikelser, som i sin tur ger upphov till symptom, som personen ifråga kan iaktta och lida av. Dessa orsakar funktionsnedsättningar, som påverkar individens möjligheter att fungera och klara sig i sin dagliga miljö hemma, i olika arbetssituationer och i olika sociala sammanhang.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive correlates of visual speech understanding in hearing impaired individuals
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1081-4159 .- 1465-7325. ; 6:2, s. 103-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the extent to which different measures ofspeechreading performance correlated with particular cognitiveabilities in a population of hearing-impaired people. Althoughthe three speechreading tasks (isolated word identification,sentence comprehension, and text tracking) were highly intercorrelated,they tapped different cognitive skills. In this population,younger participants were better speechreaders, and, when agewas taken into account, speech tracking correlated primarilywith (written) lexical decision speed. In contrast, speechreadingfor sentence comprehension correlated most strongly with performanceon a phonological processing task (written pseudohomophone detection)but also on a span measure that may have utilized visual, nonverbalmemory for letters. We discuss the implications of this pattern.
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- Andin, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Deaf signers and hearing non-signers recruit similar networks for arithmetic and phonological tasks
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Profoundly deaf individuals sometimes have difficulty with arithmetic and phonological tasks. In the present study we investigate if these differences can be attributed to differences in recruitment of neurobiological networks. Seventeen hearing non-signers (HN) and sixteen deaf signers (DS) matched on age, gender and non-verbal intelligence took part in an fMRI study. In the scanner three digit/letter pairs were visually presented and the participants performed six different blocked tasks tapping processing of digit and letter order, multiplication, subtraction and phonological ability. Data were analysed using two 2x2x2 ANOVAs; process (arithmetic, language) x level (high, low) x group (DS, HN). A main effect of process revealed language networks in the left inferior frontal gryus, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus and insula. Arithmetic networks included left middle orbital gyrus and superior medial gyrus. A main effect of level revealed low level processing (digit/letter order) in the right middle occipital gyrus and the right precuneus and high level processing (subtraction/multiplication/phonological ability) in left inferior frontal gyrus. There was no main effect of group but a significant task x group interaction in the right temporal pole which in DS (but not HN) was activated more for arithmetic than language processing (pfwe = .022) when multiplication was included in the analysis. This region is implicated in conceptual representation. These results suggest that both arithmetic and language are processed similarly by DS and HN with possible between-group differences in the use of conceptual representation in arithmetic and language tasks.
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| 23. |
- Andin, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Deaf signers use magnitude manipulatioin strategies for mulitplication : fMRI evidence
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Evidence suggests that the lag reported in mathematics for deaf signers derives from difficulties related to the verbal system of number processing as described in the triple code model. For hearing individuals the verbal system has been shown to be recruited for both arithmetic and language tasks. In the present study we investigate for the first time neuronal representations of arithmetic in deaf signers. We examine if the neural network supporting arithmetic and language, including the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus (HIPS), the superior parietal lobule (SPL) bilaterally, the left angular gyrus (AG), pars opercularis (POPE) and pars triangularis (PTRI) of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), is differently recruited for deaf and hearing individuals. Imaging data were collected from 16 deaf signers and 16 well-matched hearing nonsigners, using the same stimulus material for all tasks, but with different cues. During multiplication, deaf signers recruited rHIPS more than hearing non-signers, suggesting greater involvement of magnitude manipulation processes related to the quantity system, whereas there was no evidence that the verbal system was recruited. Further, there was no support for the notion of a common representation of phonology for sign and speech as previously suggested.
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| 24. |
- Andin, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Deaf signers use phonology to do arithmetic
- 2014
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Ingår i: Learning and individual differences. - : Elsevier. - 1041-6080 .- 1873-3425. ; 32, s. 246-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deaf students generally lag several years behind hearing peers in arithmetic, but little is known about the mechanisms behind this. In the present study we investigated how phonological skills interact with arithmetic. Eighteen deaf signers and eighteen hearing non-signers took part in an experiment that manipulated arithmetic and phonological knowledge in the language modalities of sign and speech. Independent tests of alphabetical and native language phonological skills were also administered. There was no difference in performance between groups on subtraction, but hearing non-signers performed better than deaf signers on multiplication. For the deaf signers but not the hearing non-signers, multiplicative reasoning was associated with both alphabetical and phonological skills. This indicates that deaf signing adults rely on language processes to solve multiplication tasks, possibly because automatization of multiplication is less well established in deaf adults.
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