| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lidman, Karin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The Green User. Design for Sustainable Behaviour.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the IASDR Conference 2011, Diversity and unity, Oct 31-Nov 1, 2011, Delft, s. 1-12.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reduce the environmental impact of the use phase of products, researchers have suggested applying design strategies for sustainable behaviour. The aim of this study was to evaluate four different design strategies on the basis of longterm acceptability and effectiveness in inducing sustainable behaviours. A literature review was carried out and a model for categorisation of strategies was created containing five categories: Enlighten, Spur, Steer, Force and Match. Four design strategies for sustainable behaviour, belonging to the first four categories, were implemented in prototypes to achieve moderate dosing of washing detergent. The prototypes were distributed to 16 households and a between subject study design was applied. The results indicate that three of the four strategies for many households were both effective and accepted. This suggests that product design can be a feasible way to induce and maintain sustainable behaviour.
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| 3. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Limit My Energy Use! An In-Situ Exploration of a Smart Home System Featuring an Adaptive Energy Threshold
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ongoing increase of ‘smart’ home technologies could facilitate for households to shift energy demand to contribute to balancing increasingly fluctuating energy supply from renewable sources. Yet, although many smart home technologies support energy saving, few of the commercially available smart home systems actually facilitate demand shifting and instead highlight other features, such as home security or convenience. The study presented here aimed (i) designing a smart energy system that enables balancing energy demand and supply and (ii) exploring what happens when households are equipped with such a smart home system. In the system developed, called Ero, households’ energy use is related to the status of the energy system through a momentary power threshold and users can match their use of energy-reliant appliances to the threshold. Findings showed that a majority of the participants, in different ways, started to relate their energy use to the status of the energy system. Most of them appreciated the idea of having an energy threshold and some wanted stricter energy limitations. Yet, as the participants lived in small apartments and controlled a limited number of energy-reliant appliances only a few of them were able to make Ero an integrated part of everyday activities. Further, many of them questioned the extent to which their demand-shifting could contribute as their energy-reliant appliances were thought to not use much energy. Instead, the participants considered other paths towards a more sustainable energy system to be important, such as influencing decisions made by companies, politicians, and non-governmental organisations. The problem was however that Ero did not provide any support for how to influence beyond the individual household. To conclude, an energy focused smart home system can facilitate shifting energy demand and would be relevant for homes controlling bigger loads, such as electric vehicles or washing machines. Yet, such smart home systems cannot be considered a necessity in the quest for a more sustainable energy future.
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| 4. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits and Difficulties for Industry when Designing for Sustainable Behaviour
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Sustainable Innovation 2012, Towards Sustainable Product Design: 17th International Conference. 29-30 October 2012, Alanus University, Bonn, Germany. ; , s. 242-249
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research field of Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) suggests strategies for promoting more sustainable use of products. The DfSB methodology thus provides opportunities for companies to further reduce their products’ environmental impact and differentiate on the market, still DfSB is not yet systematically applied in industry. This paper highlights benefits and difficulties that companies face when applying design strategies for sustainable behaviour in the product development process. A master thesis project at Electrolux is used as a basis for discussion. In summary, besides the environmental gains, DfSB can spur innovations that fit users’ implicit needs and thus create potential for increased profitability. Nevertheless, companies need to extend their competence within DfSB and methodologies that facilitate the implementation of DfSB in companies’ current product development processes should be developed.
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| 5. |
- Hagbert, Pernilla, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing water consumption
- 2012
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Ingår i: 1st RESPONDER Knowledge Brokerage Event on Sustainable Housing, 28-30 March, 2012, Barcelona, Spain.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Hagbert, Pernilla, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Residents' perceptions of housing and resource use: A comfortable home?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Extended abstract, presented at the 23rd IAPS Conference “Transitions to sustainable societies: Designing research and policies for changing lifestyles and communities”, 24-27 June 2014, Timisoara.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Hasselqvist, Hanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Household energy resilience: Shifting perspectives to reveal opportunities for renewable energy futures in affluent contexts
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy resilience is an important focus for energy policy and research, since the energy system is increasingly facing challenges such as power shortages, e.g. due to increased renewable energy production, and risks of power outages caused by extreme weathers. Typically, energy resilience in these contexts focuses on infrastructure and securing supply of electricity despite disturbances. This paper contributes a complementary perspective on resilience, which takes households as a starting point for investigating resilience. Building on understandings of resilience from several disciplines, we suggest a definition of household energy resilience that can be used to explore how households can ensure a good life in a future with variable availability of electricity. Furthermore, we draw on current ideas of future domestic energy use in energy affluent contexts (backup energy sources, energy efficiency, flexibility, and energy sufficiency) to create a framework for exploring household energy resilience. We find a potential for diversity within and between the different ideas, that is not always present in mainstream visions of future energy use. With the perspective of household energy resilience, we wish to challenge the perception of electricity demand as non-negotiable and to reveal opportunities for supporting households in becoming more resilient in an uncertain future.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Mangold, Mikael, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Who benefits? Effects and perceptions of residential volumetric water billing
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2nd Nordic Conference on Consumer Research, 29 May-1 June, 2012, Göteborg.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the effects and perceptions of increased installation of water metering and volumetric billing in residential areas in Sweden? An interview study was undertaken in a low-income suburb of Göteborg to explore residents’ experiences and opinions. Additionally, the interests of water and energy companies, social affairs committee, real estate owner and maintainer were investigated to contrast the added value of reduced water consumption. Stakeholders either benefit or are disadvantaged by the introduced system. Furthermore, the applied tariff structure fails to motivate all segments of the population to reduce water consumption, yet still inequitably burdens the most financially exposed groups.
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| 12. |
- Nilsson, Karin, 1997, et al.
(författare)
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Making dinner in an uncomfortable future: Comparing provocations as user insight elicitation methods
- 2022
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Ingår i: DRS2022: Bilbao. - : Design Research Society. - 2398-3132. - 9781912294572
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To aid the transition to a renewable energy future, user-centred designers need to design for a future with limits perceived as uncomfortable to users. This paper explores whether methods borrowed from critical and speculative design can elicit actionable insights to aid such designers. A comparative analysis is performed of the insights gained from two studies, using a provotype and speculative enactment respectively to situate the participants in a speculative, uncomfortable, distant future. The two methods do allow elicitation of rich and deep insights surrounding values, latent needs, and tacit knowledge, but with slightly different emphasis regarding content, temporal scope, and reflective depth. However, the implementation of the methods failed to provoke the participants to question their prioritisations and views on societal development, maybe related to an inability to provoke enough.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Design for alternative ways of doing – explorations in the context of thermal comfort
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Design Research. - 1569-1551 .- 1748-3050. ; 15:3-4, s. 153-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. To address seemingly non-negotiable resource-reliant behaviours where feedback is ineffective, we explored the possibility of enabling alternative ways of doing through design solutions and investigated how people engage with them. Focusing on residents’ need for thermal comfort, a technology probe with alternative tools for staying warm was assembled. How people engaged with these tools was then evaluated in-situ with 18 households. In follow-up interviews, most of the participants who used the tools with some regularity reported that they had increased their awareness, developed new heating strategies and/or carried out some kind of action concerning the heating system. The findings suggest that offering new ways of interacting with a system, such as a heating system, can lead to people changing the ways in which they fulfil everyday needs.
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| 15. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984
(författare)
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Inviting Interaction – Explorations of the district heating interface for people
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- District heating provides more than half of the homes in Sweden with heating and hot water and have the potential to play an increasingly important role in the development towards fossil-free energy systems – yet it is rather unknown by the public. To understand why this is the case and to influence the situation, this research aims at exploring the district heating interface for people.In the first part of this research, I explored the interaction space of people and district heating in two research studies: (1) a diary study focusing on the role district heating plays in everyday pursuit of thermal comfort and (2) an interview study focusing on people’s ways of making sense and making use of district heating. The findings seem to suggest that district heating provides basic heating in a uniform manner, but that additional means often are used to achieve thermal comfort. The use of additional means, in combination with infrequent interaction with the heating system due to lack of (perceived) control over the heating, seems to obscure services available with district heating. Especially in apartments, people have been excluded from the district heating system in the sense that they do neither get any output (in the form of e.g. information or feedback) besides the district heating services, nor are they able to give much input (in the form of e.g. control) to the system. One reason for this is that heating costs generally are included in the rent.In the second part of this research, I integrated the findings from the first part into three possible directions to suggest how to redesign the district heating interface for people. The first direction represents making use of district heating in more ways than what is currently available. The second direction concerns enabling residents to be informed of the status and in control over the processes in the building’s central heating system as well as in the district heating system. The third direction is about designing means for thermal comfort and pleasurable thermal experiences through indirect use of district heating.Prior to this work, attempts of raising awareness about district heating have addressed people in their role as citizens through information about the beneficial characteristics of district heating. Instead I have tried a different path. The three design directions address people in their role as residents, occupants, and users by focusing on the services offered by district heating. Findings from an exploratory field study with prototypes based on the third direction seem to suggest that district heating services can be utilised to invite people to take a more conscious role with regard to their building’s heating system. Yet, for that consciousness to reach beyond the building’s heating system to the district heating system, the connection between the two systems must be very clear. The district heating interface for people could in this way be redesigned to invite interaction.
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| 16. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984
(författare)
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Participating in Energy Systems through Everyday Designs – Exploring roles for households in a more sustainable energy future
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As households we participate in energy systems when, in the course of our everyday energy-reliant activities, we create a demand for energy and when we engage in energy-managing activities such as choosing an energy provider and deciding to support a specific source of energy. In this way, everyday life has an impact on the energy sector, and vice versa. To mitigate climate change, the energy sector will have to reduce its negative environmental impact, and everyday life will have to change with it. This thesis aims at contributing to development of artefacts that, as they are embedded into energy-reliant and energy-managing activities in everyday life, support such changes. Four empirical studies were carried out in a research through design process with a ‘mixed methods’ approach. Two studies described which energy-reliant and energy-managing activities to design for by identifying what roles households could play in energy systems (RQ 1a). Two studies explored how artefacts shape those roles (RQ 1a) and prescribed ways to design to support reduced negative environmental impact (RQ 2). The findings showed that the roles households considered playing in energy systems were framed by (i) roles performed by peers, (ii) available and accessible energy-reliant and energy-managing artefacts, (iii) existing business models, (iv) available infrastructure, and (v) policy and regulation. The roles were framed into three so-called meta-roles named Reception, Interplay, and Balance. Within Reception , households receive standardised amounts and variants of services from the energy system, such as a pre-set indoor temperature. Within Interplay , the households’ meta-role is to use some kind of interplay with the energy system to optimise energy services for their individual preferences, for example low cost. Finally, within Balance , the households’ meta-role is to balance their individual preferences with what is preferable from an energy system perspective, for instance without benefits to be part of time-shifting energy use to cut peaks in demand. In Reception and Interplay, the reduction in environmental impact is restricted to either what can be achieved without households’ active contribution or when reductions in environmental impact align with personal preferences, respectively. Balance, although uncommon and therefore unvalidated, was therefore considered most promising to mitigate climate change. Evaluations of two prototypes intended to support reduced negative energy-related environmental impact showed such possibilities, and additionally that Reception and Interplay could be challenged by designing artefacts that: - encourage households to make compromises and ask for efforts; - make the connection between energy supply and demand explicit (reconnecting supply and demand); - provide a possibility to feel like active participants (instead of discouraging active participation through automation); - provide a possibility for influencing energy-related decisions made by energy companies or (local) authorities; and - focus on energy-reliant activities and not (only) on energy-managing activities. Artefacts are however just one of the five aspects found to frame meta-roles. In order to not only challenge but also change a prevailing meta-role, the other aspects would need to align.
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| 17. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways of Sustainable Behaviours
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ERSCP-EMSU 2013 conference, 16th Conference of the European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) & 7th Conference of the Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU), 4 – 7 June 2013, Istanbul, Turkey.. ; , s. 1-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to chart different paths that users can follow to reduce the environmental impact that occurs during the use of an artefact. Through comparingsustainable behaviours found in own studies and literature, five pathways of sustainable behaviour were identified: Changed use, Mediated use, Regulated artefact, Maintenance and repair, and Choice of artefact. In Path 1 the user starts using an artefact in a more sustainable way. In Path 2 the user invests in a secondary artefact to mediate the use of a primary artefact. In Path 3 the users invest in anartefact that regulate a primary artefacts’ resource use. In Path 4 the user maintains an artefact in good condition and in Path 5 the user invests in an artefact that offersless resource consumption by default.
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| 18. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Pleasurable Ways of Staying Warm – A Pathway towards Reduced Energy Consumption
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the IASDR Conference 2013, Consilience and Innovation in Design, 24-30 August 2013, Tokyo, s. 1783-1794. ; , s. 1783-1794
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hedonic consequences of pro-environmental behaviour can constitute an important barrier to behaviour change. Subsequently, hedonic aspects of heating and hot water use must be understood to be able to consider possible hedonic consequences when promoting less energy demanding ways of staying warm. Two user studies were performed aimed at exploring what types of hedonic pleasures that are elicited through use of hot water and heating systems, additional heating artefacts, and in different types of thermal situations. It was found that physical and emotional pleasures are present in everyday use of heating and hot water systems and in use of additional heating artefacts. With the identified hedonic experiences as a basis, there is an opportunity to design new heating artefacts that are pleasurable to use in a pro-environmental manner.
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| 19. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984
(författare)
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Supporting diverse roles for people in smart energy systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296. ; 53, s. 98-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More prominent roles for households are often suggested in visions of smart energy systems. To this point, most research and design efforts are aimed at householders who are interested in energy and/or want or play an active role in smart energy systems. Therefore, the study presented in this paper aims to identify other roles for people and examines ways to support those roles. In generative group sessions, sixteen participants envisioned future living in smart energy systems. The findings show that the participants discussed diverse roles, with some wishing to be guided, while others wanted to think for themselves, for instance. Support, in the shape of products, services, and systems, was found to be able to serve three purposes; give information, enable control, and change the preconditions for energy use. When designing support, diversity could be embraced by looking beyond energy use to include ways to enable using less resources in everyday activities. These findings contribute to nuancing the roles people could play in smart energy systems and propose implications for design of smart energy technologies.
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| 20. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Target the Use Phase! Design for Sustainable Behaviour.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The 6th International Conference on Life Cycle Management in Gothenburg 2013. ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One approach to further decrease the environmental impact of products is to target the use phase. According to the Design for Sustainable Behaviour approach different design strategies can be used to enable a more sustainable use of products by influencing the user’s behaviour. The strategies suggested include matching products to users’ current behaviours, enlightening users, spurring or steering theusers towards more sustainable behaviours, and applying a force dimension to the products. Empirical studies demonstrate the feasibility of different strategies.However further knowledge is needed on which strategies to apply in which situations and for what problems.
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| 21. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Residents’ Use of Heating and Hot Water – An Exploration of the Potential for Reduced Energy Consumption
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ERSCP-EMSU 2013 conference, 16th Conference of the European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) & 7th Conference of the Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU), 4 – 7 June 2013, Istanbul, Turkey.. ; , s. 1-19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One major challenge for a sustainable future is households’ current consumption of heating and hot water. Therefore, two studies were conducted aiming at investigating the influencing factors for a conscious heat and hot water consumption: a diary study exploring how thermal comfort is achieved and an interview study to explore how expectations, awareness, attitudes, and knowledge influence interactions with the heating and hot water systems. The latter had a focus on residents with district heating. It was found that the heating and hot water systems are not user-centred, resulting in an unsatisfactory interplay between the residents and their system that causes inefficient resource use and lack of thermal comfort. With inspiration from the diversity of non-energy consuming ways of achieving thermal comfort less resource-demanding heating systems could be developed that fulfils the users varying needs and allows for pleasurable thermal experiences.
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| 22. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Sustainable Behaviour: A Toolbox for Targeting the Use Phase
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eco-design tool conference, May 14-15 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several studies have concluded that the use phase, including people’s use behaviour, is a large contributor to the environmental impact of many products. Some eco-design tools mention the use phase as a possible target area, but there is a lack of methods that specifically address how to lower its environmental impact. Thus, this contribution presents a toolbox that enables companies to influence user behaviour to reduce the negative environmental impact during the use phase; we call this the Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) toolbox. The main tool in the toolbox comprises five types of strategies for the design of products and services. Enlighten strategies influence users’ knowledge, values, attitudes and norms, e.g. an eco-driving support system. Spur strategies encourage users to perform sustainable behaviours, e.g. through external rewards, punishments or competitions. Steer strategies guide users by making sustainable behaviour the evident choice, physically or cognitively, e.g. a refrigerator steering the placement of food to optimize preservation. Force strategies compel a sustainable behaviour upon the users, e.g. a washing machine that automatically adds the right amount of detergent. Match strategies adapt products and services to users’ current behaviours, e.g. start–stop systems in cars. A comparative study of different types of strategies shows that they have the potential to be effective in influencing users’ behaviour and to be accepted by consumers. The toolbox is utilized by employing its main tool and supporting tools (e.g. user studies and personas) in a design process focusing on users and their behaviour. This may mean a shift of eco-design efforts from later to earlier stages of the development process, which enables greater opportunities for radical environmental gain through design, as it is in the early stages that the environmental impact of products is largely determined. Different tools from the toolbox have been applied in a number of R&D cases in industry. For instance, Eliq Online, a home energy management system verified to support energy reductions have been developed by Exibea, and novel product concepts to reduce household’s energy use and to avoid food waste have been developed for IKEA and Electrolux. Apart from the evident advantage of encouraging sustainable behaviours, and thus reducing resource use, the DfSB toolbox can also spur innovation and provide a way to differentiate on saturated markets.
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| 23. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Re-framing Product Circularity from a User Perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of DRS 2018 International Conference: Catalyst. - 2398-3132. - 9781912294206 ; 5, s. 2046-2057
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the discussion regarding product circularity is framed from a production and business perspective. This paper argues that the current narrative needs to be complemented with a re-framing of circularity from a user perspective and that issues of consumption should be considered in more depth. Such a re-framing is proposed based on an exploration of the consumption process and a discussion regarding what different paths of consumption may entail for people. The paper also delves into the process of product exchange between multiple users over time. It underlines that products can be designed so that they can be transferred in tight loops from one user to another, i.e. from Use2Use, which typically entails environmental advantages in relation to circular production initiatives. Overall, such a perspective suggests an enabling approach, i.e. designing products and services that create preconditions that enable people to circulate products. New opportunities for supporting product circularity from a design perspective are suggested followed by recommendations for future work.
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| 24. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Use to use – A user perspective on product circularity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 223, s. 1014-1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discussion regarding product circularity is often framed from a production and business model perspective. In this paper, people's consumption processes are taken as a new point of departure and a re-framing of product circularity from a user perspective is proposed to complement the current narrative. This user-centred perspective emphasises the importance of product exchange, which underscores that products can be transferred in tight loops from one user to another, i.e. from Use to Use. It also highlights a number of challenges and practicalities that circular paths of consumption may entail for people in everyday life, and thus points to new opportunities for designing products and services that can create enabling preconditions that make it possible, more convenient, and more preferable for people to circulate products. These design opportunities can be categorised into four design strategies that can support the development of products and services fit for circular consumption processes. How the proposed reframing compares to the current narrative is discussed and recommendations for future research are proposed.
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| 25. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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What a designer can change: a proposal for a categorisation of artefact-related aspects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of DRS 2016, Design Research Society 50th Anniversary Conference. Brighton, UK, 27–30 June 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a categorisation of artefact-related aspects that in different ways set people’s preconditions for acting with technology. The categorisation can serve as a starting point for discussing which aspects are relevant to consider from a Design for Sustainable Behaviour perspective. The categorisation sorts these aspects into different layers: from the over-arching layer of enabled activity, through artefact type(s), operative functions, interactive functions, and finally communicative functions. Using examples from research studies, and a selection of theory and methods, we argue for an increased focus on all artefact- related aspects. Moreover, it is essential to move between layers to ensure a consistent design that in every layer provides preconditions for sustainable behaviour. The paper also discusses benefits of redesigning the artefacts people use in their everyday activities, instead of designing artefacts that stimulate new types of conservation activities.
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