1. |
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2. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(författare)
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Cosmic-ray observations of the heliosphere with the PAMELA experiment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Astrophysics. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 1848-1852
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAMELA experiment is a multi-purpose apparatus built around a permanent magnet spectrometer, with the main goal of studying in detail the antiparticle component of cosmic rays. The apparatus will be carried in space by means of a Russian satellite, due to launch in 2005, for a three year-long mission. The characteristics of the detectors composing the instrument, alongside the long lifetime of the mission and the orbital characteristics of the satellite, will allow to address several items of cosmic-ray physics. In this paper, we will focus on the solar and heliospheric observation capabilities of PAMELA.
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3. |
- Stozhkov, Y. I., et al.
(författare)
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About Separation of Hadron and Electromagnetic Cascades in the Pamela Calorimeter
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics A. - 0217-751X .- 1793-656X. ; 20:29, s. 6745-6748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of calibration of the PAMELA instrument at the CERN facilities are discussed. In September, 2003, the calibration of the Neutron Detector together with the Calorimeter was performed with the CERN beams of electrons and protons with energies of 20-180 GeV. The implementation of the Neutron Detector increases a rejection factor of hadrons from electrons about ten times. The results of calibration are in agreement with calculations.
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4. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of quasi-trapped electron and positron fluxes with PAMELA
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114, s. A12218-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents precise measurements of the differential energy spectra of quasi-trapped secondary electrons and positrons and their ratio between 80 MeV and 10 GeV in the near-equatorial region (altitudes between 350 km and 600 km). Latitudinal dependences of the spectra are analyzed in detail. The results were obtained from July until November 2006 onboard the Resurs-DK satellite by the PAMELA spectrometer, a general purpose cosmic ray detector system built around a permanent magnet spectrometer and a silicon-tungsten calorimeter.
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5. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Time Dependence Of The Proton Flux Measured By Pamela During The 2006 July-2009 December Solar Minimum
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 765:2, s. 91-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. These spectra, when measured near Earth, are significantly affected by the solar magnetic field. A comprehensive description of the cosmic radiation must therefore include the transport and modulation of cosmic rays inside the heliosphere. During the end of the last decade, the Sun underwent a peculiarly long quiet phase well suited to study modulation processes. In this paper we present proton spectra measured from 2006 July to 2009 December by PAMELA. The large collected statistics of protons allowed the time variation to be followed on a nearly monthly basis down to 400 MV. Data are compared with a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation.
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6. |
- Bongi, M, et al.
(författare)
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PAMELA : A satellite experiment for antiparticles measurement in cosmic rays
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 51:3, s. 854-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment that will study the antiproton and positron fluxes in cosmic rays in a wide range of energy (from 80 MeV up to 190 GeV for antiprotons and from 50 MeV up to 270 GeV for positrons) and with high statistics, and that will measure the antihelium/helium ratio with a sensitivity of the order of 10(-8). The detector will fly on-board a polar orbiting Resurs DK1 satellite, which will be launched into space by a Soyuz rocket in 2004 from Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, for a 3-year-long mission. Particle identification and energy measurements are performed in the PAMELA apparatus using the following subdetectors: a magnetic spectrometer made up of a permanent magnet equipped with double-sided microstrip silicon detectors, an electromagnetic imaging calorimeter composed of layers of tungsten absorber and silicon detectors planes, a transition radiation detector made of straw tubes interleaved with carbon fiber radiators, a plastic scintillator time-of-flight and trigger system, a set of anticounter plastic scintillator detectors, and a neutron detector. The features of the detectors and the main results obtained in beam test sessions are presented.
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7. |
- Mayorov, A. G., et al.
(författare)
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Antiprotons of galactic cosmic radiation in the PAMELA experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 602-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for antiproton selection against a background of electrons, based on a mathematical model of data classification using variations in interparticle interaction in a calorimeter, and a method for excluding events accompanied by scattering in the inner detectors of a tracking system (which result in errors in the measured trajectory's curvature and charge sign) from analysis are discussed in this paper. Antiproton spectra and antiproton/proton flux ratio at energies of 0.06 to 350 GeV with statistics of events surpassing those in [1] are obtained. The results can be used to create models for the generation and distribution of particles in the Galaxy, and for searching and studying the nature of hypothetical dark matter particles.
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8. |
- Mikhailov, V., et al.
(författare)
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Cosmic ray electron and positron spectra measured with PAMELA
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 409:1, s. 012035-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAMELA experiment is carried out on board of the satellite Resurs DK1 launched on June 15th 2006 on polar orbit (the inclination is 70, the altitude is 350-600 km). The instrument which consists of magnetic spectrometer, silicon-tungsten imaging electromagnetic calorimeter gives a possibility to measure electron and positron fluxes over wide energy range from hundreds MeVs to hundreds GeVs. Measurements made in June 2006- January 2010 are presented and compared with other results and models. Positron spectrum appears to be harder than standard diffusive propagation models predict.
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9. |
- Munini, R., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of Energy and Charge Sign Dependence of the Recovery Time for the 2006 December Forbush Event Measured by the PAMELA Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 853:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New results on the short-term galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) intensity variation (Forbish decrease) in 2006 December measured by the PAMELA instrument are presented. Forbush decreases are sudden suppressions of the GCR intensities, which are associated with the passage of interplanetary transients such as shocks and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Most of the past measurements of this phenomenon were carried out with groundbased detectors such as neutron monitors or muon telescopes. These techniques allow only the indirect detection of the overall GCR intensity over an integrated energy range. For the first time, thanks to the unique features of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, the Forbush decrease, commencing on 2006 December 14 and following a CME at the Sun on 2006 December 13, was studied in a wide rigidity range (0.4-20 GV) and for different species of GCRs detected directly in space. The daily averaged GCR proton intensity was used to investigate the rigidity dependence of the amplitude and the recovery time of the Forbush decrease. Additionally, for the first time, the temporal variations in the helium and electron intensities during a Forbush decrease were studied. Interestingly, the temporal evolutions of the helium and proton intensities during the Forbush decrease were found to be in good agreement, while the low rigidity electrons (<2 GV) displayed a faster recovery. This difference in the electron recovery is interpreted as a charge sign dependence introduced by drift motions experienced by the GCRs during their propagation through the heliosphere.
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10. |
- Munini, R., et al.
(författare)
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Short-term variation in the galactic cosmic ray intensity measured with the PAMELA experiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New results on the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) short-term intensity variation associated with Forbush decrease and co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) measured by the PAMELA instrument between November 2006 and March 2007 are presented. Most of the past measurements on Forbush decrease events were carried out with neutron monitor detector. This tecnique allows only indirect detection of the overall GCR intensity over an integrated energy range. For the first time, thanks to the unique features of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, the Forbush decrease associated with the December 13th coronal mass ejection (CME) was studied in a wide rigidity range (0.4 - 20 GV) and for different species of GCRs detected directly in space. Using GCR protons, the amplitude and the recovery time of the Forbush decrease were studied for ten rigidity interval with a temporal resolution of one day. For comparison the helium and the electron intensity over time were also studied. The temporal evolution of the helium and proton intensity was found in good agreement while the electrons show, on average, a faster recovery time. This was interpreted as a charge-sign dependence introduced by drift motion experienced by the low rigidity (< 5 GV) GCRs during their propagation through the heliosphere. Moreover a clear 13.5 days cyclical variation was observed in the GCR proton intensity after the Forbush decrease. This phenomena could be interpreted as an effect of prominent structures of compressed plasma in the solar wind, i.e. CIRs, or to the latitudinal gradient due to the crossing of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS).
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11. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Cosmic-Ray Electron Flux Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between 1 and 625 GeV
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 106:20, s. 201101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision measurements of the electron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Here we present new results regarding negatively charged electrons between 1 and 625 GeV performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA. This is the first time that cosmic-ray e(-) have been identified above 50 GeV. The electron spectrum can be described with a single power-law energy dependence with spectral index -3.18 +/- 0.05 above the energy region influenced by the solar wind (> 30 GeV). No significant spectral features are observed and the data can be interpreted in terms of conventional diffusive propagation models. However, the data are also consistent with models including new cosmic-ray sources that could explain the rise in the positron fraction.
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12. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Cosmic-Ray Positron Energy Spectrum Measured by PAMELA
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 111:8, s. 081102-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision measurements of the positron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the propagation of cosmic rays and the nature of particle sources in our Galaxy. The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray positron flux and fraction that extends previously published measurements up to 300 GeV in kinetic energy. The combined measurements of the cosmic-ray positron energy spectrum and fraction provide a unique tool to constrain interpretation models. During the recent solar minimum activity period from July 2006 to December 2009, approximately 24 500 positrons were observed. The results cannot be easily reconciled with purely secondary production, and additional sources of either astrophysical or exotic origin may be required.
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13. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the flux of primary cosmic ray antiprotons with energies of 60 MeV to 350 GeV in the PAMELA experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: JETP Letters. - 0021-3640 .- 1090-6487. ; 96:10, s. 621-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is interesting to measure the antiproton galactic component in cosmic rays in order to study the mechanisms by which particles and antiparticles are generated and propagate in the Galaxy and to search for new sources of, e.g., annihilation or decay of dark matter hypothetical particles. The antiproton spectrum and the ratio of the fluxes of primary cosmic ray antiprotons to protons with energies of 60 MeV to 350 GeV found from the data obtained from June 2006 to January 2010 in the PAMELA experiment are presented. The usage of the advanced data processing method based on the data classification mathematical model made it possible to increase statistics and analyze the region of higher energies than in the earlier works.
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14. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the isotopic composition of hydrogen and helium nuclei in cosmic rays with the PAMELA experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 770:1, s. 2-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make new measurements of cosmic ray H and He isotopes. The isotopic composition was measured between 100 and 600 MeV /n for hydrogen and between 100 and 900 MeV /n for helium isotopes over the 23rd solar minimum from 2006 July to 2007 December. The energy spectrum of these components carries fundamental information regarding the propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy which are competitive with those obtained from other secondary to primary measurements such as B/C.
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15. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Pamela's measurements of magnetospheric effects on high-energy solar particles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 801:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of particle acceleration at the Sun, whether through flare reconnection processes or through shocks driven by coronal mass ejections, is still under scrutiny despite decades of research. The measured properties of solar energetic particles (SEPs) have long been modeled in different particle-acceleration scenarios. The challenge has been to disentangle the effects of transport from those of acceleration. The Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) instrument enables unique observations of SEPs including the composition and angular distribution of the particles about the magnetic field, i.e., pitch angle distribution, over a broad energy range (>80 MeV)-bridging a critical gap between space-based and ground-based measurements. We present high-energy SEP data from PAMELA acquired during the 2012 May 17 SEP event. These data exhibit differential anisotropies and thus transport features over the instrument rigidity range. SEP protons exhibit two distinct pitch angle distributions: a low-energy population that extends to 90 degrees and a population that is beamed at high energies (>1 GeV), consistent with neutron monitor measurements. To explain a low-energy SEP population that exhibits significant scattering or redistribution accompanied by a high-energy population that reaches the Earth relatively unaffected by dispersive transport effects, we postulate that the scattering or redistribution takes place locally. We believe that these are the first comprehensive measurements of the effects of solar energetic particle transport in the Earth's magnetosheath.
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16. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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The gamma-400 space observatory : Status and perspectives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present design of the new space observatory GAMMA-400 is presented in this paper. The instrument has been designed for the optimal detection of gamma rays in a broad energy range (from ∼100 MeV up to 3 TeV), with excellent angular and energy resolution. The observatory will also allow precise and high statistic studies of the electron component in the cosmic rays up to the multi TeV region, as well as protons and nuclei spectra up to the knee region. The GAMMA-400 observatory will allow to address a broad range of science topics, like search for signatures of dark matter, studies of Galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources, Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission, gamma-ray bursts and charged cosmic rays acceleration and diffusion mechanism up to the knee.
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17. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 116:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cosmic-ray electrons and positrons are a unique probe of the propagation of cosmic rays as well as of the nature and distribution of particle sources in our Galaxy. Recent measurements of these particles are challenging our basic understanding of the mechanisms of production, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. Particularly striking are the differences between the low energy results collected by the space-borne PAMELA and AMS-02 experiments and older measurements pointing to sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation of cosmic-ray spectra. The PAMELA experiment has been measuring the time variation of the positron and electron intensity at Earth from July 2006 to December 2015 covering the period for the minimum of solar cycle 23 (2006-2009) until the middle of the maximum of solar cycle 24, through the polarity reversal of the heliospheric magnetic field which took place between 2013 and 2014. The positron to electron ratio measured in this time period clearly shows a sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation introduced by particle drifts. These results provide the first clear and continuous observation of how drift effects on solar modulation have unfolded with time from solar minimum to solar maximum and their dependence on the particle rigidity and the cyclic polarity of the solar magnetic field.
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18. |
- Bazilevskaya, G. A., et al.
(författare)
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Solar proton events at the end of the 23rd and start of the 24th solar cycle recorded in the PAMELA experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 493-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer was launched into a near-Earth orbit on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite in June 2006; in December 2006, it recorded the last strong solar high-energy particle event of the 23rd solar cycle. A deficit was thereafter observed in solar energetic particle events because of the lengthy solar activity minimum and the weak evolution of the next (24th) solar cycle. As a result, only a few solar events involving protons with energies of more than 100 MeV were recorded between 2010 and 1012. This work presents the preliminary results from measurements of charged particle fluxes in these events, recorded by the Pamela spectrometer.
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19. |
- Boezio, M., et al.
(författare)
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The first year in orbit of the pamela experiment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2007. - : Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. ; , s. 99-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA experiment mounted on the Resurs DK1 satellite, was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. PAMELA is a satellite-borne apparatus designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation, to investigate the nature of dark matter, measuring the cosmic-ray antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved, and to search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity. The PAMELA apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. We will present the status of the apparatus after one year in orbit. Furthermore, we will discuss the PAMELA in-flight performances.
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20. |
- Boezio, M., et al.
(författare)
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The PAMELA space experiment : First year of operation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 110:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the 15th of June 2006 the PAMELA experiment, mounted on the Resurs DK1 satellite, was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. PAMELA is a satellite-borne apparatus designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation, to investigate the nature of dark matter, measuring the cosmic-ray antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved, and to search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows charged particle identification over a wide energy range. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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21. |
- Bruno, A., et al.
(författare)
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Geomagnetically trapped, albedo and solar energetic particles : Trajectory analysis and flux reconstruction with PAMELA
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 60:4, s. 788-795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAMELA satellite experiment is providing comprehensive observations of the interplanetary and magnetospheric radiation in the near-Earth environment. Thanks to its identification capabilities and the semi-polar orbit, PAMELA is able to precisely measure the energetic spectra and the angular distributions of the different cosmic-ray populations over a wide latitude region, including geomagnetically trapped and albedo particles. Its observations comprise the solar energetic particle events between solar cycles 23 and 24, and the geomagnetic cutoff variations during magnetospheric storms. PAMELA's measurements are supported by an accurate analysis of particle trajectories in the Earth's magnetosphere based on a realistic geomagnetic field modeling, which allows the classification of particle populations of different origin and the investigation of the asymptotic directions of arrival.
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22. |
- Bruno, A., et al.
(författare)
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Solar energetic particle events : Trajectory analysis and flux reconstruction with PAMELA
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Proceedings of science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAMELA satellite experiment is providing first direct measurements of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) with energies from about 80 MeV to several GeV in near-Earth space, bridging the low energy data by other space-based instruments and the Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) data by the worldwide network of neutron monitors. Its unique observational capabilities include the possibility of measuring the flux angular distribution and thus investigating possible anisotropies. This work reports the analysis methods developed to estimate the SEP energy spectra as a function of the particle pitch-angle with respect to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction. The crucial ingredient is provided by an accurate simulation of the asymptotic exposition of the PAMELA apparatus, based on a realistic reconstruction of particle trajectories in the Earth's magnetosphere. As case study, the results for the May 17, 2012 event are presented.
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23. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetospheric and solar physics observations with the PAMELA experiment
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 588:1-2, s. 243-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment designed to make long duration measurements of the cosmic radiation in Low Earth Orbit. It is devoted to the detection of the cosmic-ray spectra in the 100 MeV-300 GeV range with primary scientific goal the measurement of antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved. Other tasks include the search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity and the measurement of the light nuclear component of cosmic rays. In addition, PAMELA can investigate phenomena connected with solar and Earth physics. The apparatus consists of: a Time of Flight system, a magnetic spectrometer, an electromagnetic imaging calorimeter, a shower tail catcher scintillator, a neutron detector and an anticoincidence system. In this work we present some measurements of galactic, secondary and trapped particles performed in the first months of operation.
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24. |
- Di Felice, V., et al.
(författare)
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Solar modulation of galactic hydrogen and helium over the 23rd solar minimum with the PAMELA experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PAMELA has been orbiting the Earth for more than six years, gathering data on solar, galactic and trapped cosmic rays during the time of the last solar minimum. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows charged particle and antiparticle identification over a wide energy range and with an unprecedented precision. The quasi-polar orbit of the instrument, with an inclination of 70 degrees, makes it possible to measure low energy particles starting from about 100 MeV/n. In this work we present the time and rigidity dependence of the galactic proton and helium fluxes over the first 4 years of operation during the A < 0 solar minimum of solar cycle 23.
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25. |
- Koldobskiy, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Galactic deuteron spectrum measured in PAMELA experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: 23Rd European Cosmic Ray Symposium (And 32Nd Russian Cosmic Ray Conference). - : IOP Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of galactic deuteron spectrum measurement by means of PAMELA apparatus are described. PAMELA is an international experiment developed for antimatter search and measurement of p, He, electron and positron spectra in wide energy range. In addition, PAMELA allows to identify and measure deuteron spectrum at low energies. In this paper deuteron-to-proton ratio and deuteron spectrum are presented.
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