| 1. |
- Hamer, Davidson H., et al.
(författare)
-
Travel-Associated Zika Virus Disease Acquired in the Americas Through February 2016 A GeoSentinel Analysis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - Philadelphia : American College of Physicians. - 0003-4819 .- 1539-3704. ; 166:2, s. 99-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Zika virus has spread rapidly in the Americas and has been imported into many nonendemic countries by travelers. Objective: To describe clinical manifestations and epidemiology of Zika virus disease in travelers exposed in the Americas. Design: Descriptive, using GeoSentinel records. Setting: 63 travel and tropical medicine clinics in 30 countries. Patients: Ill returned travelers with a confirmed, probable, or clinically suspected diagnosis of Zika virus disease seen between January 2013 and 29 February 2016. Measurements: Frequencies of demographic, trip, and clinical characteristics and complications. Results: Starting in May 2015, 93 cases of Zika virus disease were reported. Common symptoms included exanthema (88%), fever (76%), and arthralgia (72%). Fifty-nine percent of patients were exposed in South America; 71% were diagnosed in Europe. Case status was established most commonly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of blood and less often by PCR testing of other body fluids or serology and plaque-reduction neutralization testing. Two patients developed Guillain-Barre syndrome, and 3 of 4 pregnancies had adverse outcomes (microcephaly, major fetal neurologic abnormalities, and intrauterine fetal death). Limitation: Surveillance data collected by specialized clinics may not be representative of all ill returned travelers, and denominator data are unavailable. Conclusion: These surveillance data help characterize the clinical manifestations and adverse outcomes of Zika virus disease among travelers infected in the Americas and show a need for global standardization of diagnostic testing. The serious fetal complications observed in this study highlight the importance of travel advisories and prevention measures for pregnant women and their partners. Travelers are sentinels for global Zika virus circulation and may facilitate further transmission.
|
|
| 2. |
- Oxenswärdh, Anette, phd, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning Processes towards Destination Development
- 2021
-
Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. - Kaliningrad, Russia : EDP Sciences. - 2267-1242. ; 291, s. 06004-
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable development of tourist destinations is based on the key principles of sustainable development in general taking into consideration the characteristics of tourism as an activity, in particular. In the event that a tourist destination has an island location, this becomes an additional factor imposing even more stringent requirements for sustainable development due to even greater vulnerability of isolated ecological systems. At the same time, the human factor becomes decisive, because the development of a tourist destination depends on how the providers of tourism services comply with the principles of sustainable development. The purpose of our study is to identify the willingness to follow the principles of sustainable development of a tourist destinations among entrepreneurs providing tourism services, using innovative methods of problem-solving learning. During the study, the following methods were used: bibliographic, analytical, in-depth survey method, etc. The methodology implemented for this study was qualitative survey where students reflected on their learning processes. The results show the importance of university students cooperating with actors within tourist destination on both theoretical and practical issues of sustainability to develop the destination. This cooperation enables the most important learning outcomes for both parties on sustainability. Heterogeneity of the group, and methodology of Design Thinking increases the creativity in problem solving.
|
|
