| 1. |
- Hyde, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa
- 2023
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Ingår i: MYCOSPHERE. - : Mushroom Research Foundation. - 2077-7000 .- 2077-7019. ; 14:1, s. 1960-2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others' work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
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| 2. |
- Polme, S., et al.
(författare)
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FungalTraits: a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 105:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies. Over the past decades, rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats. Yet, in spite of the progress of molecular methods, knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging. In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels. Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and Fun(Fun) together with involvement of expert knowledge, we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera, respectively. This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera, designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental studies. In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses, the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences. On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1% dissimilarity threshold.
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| 3. |
- Macfarlane, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Shape abnormalities of the caudate nucleus correlate with poorer gait and balance: Results from a subset of the ladis study
- 2015
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481. ; 23:1, s. 59-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Functional deficits seen in several neurodegenerative disorders have been linked with dysfunction in frontostriatal circuits and with associated shape alterations in striatal structures. The severity of visible white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging has been found to correlate with poorer performance on measures of gait and balance. This study aimed to determine whether striatal volume and shape changes were correlated with gait dysfunction. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical gait/balance data (scores from the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]) were sourced from 66 subjects in the previously published LADIS trial, performed in nondisabled individuals older than age 65 years with WMHs at study entry. Data were obtained at study entry and at 3-year follow-up. Caudate nuclei and putamina were manually traced using a previously published method and volumes calculated. The relationships between volume and physical performance on the SPPB were investigated with shape analysis using the spherical harmonic shape description toolkit. Results There was no correlation between the severity of WMHs and striatal volumes. Caudate nuclei volume correlated with performance on the SPPB at baseline but not at follow-up, with subsequent shape analysis showing left caudate changes occurred in areas corresponding to inputs of the dorsolateral prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortex. There was no correlation between putamen volumes and performance on the SPPB. Conclusion Disruption in frontostriatal circuits may play a role in mediating poorer physical performance in individuals with WMHs. Striatal volume and shape changes may be suitable biomarkers for functional changes in this population. © 2015 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Jandrić, Petar, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in the Age of Covid-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4868 .- 2524-485X. ; 2:3, s. 1069-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A collection of 84 author's testimonies and workspace photographs between 18 March and 5 May 2020.
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| 6. |
- Jandrić, Petar, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in the Age of Covid-19 : The New Normal
- 2022
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868. ; 4:3, s. 877-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On 17 March 2020, Postdigital Science and Education launched a call for testimonies about teaching and learning during very frst Covid-19 lockdowns. The resulting article, ‘Teaching in the Age of Covid-19’ (attached), presents 81 written testimonies and 80 workspace photographs submitted by 84 authors from 19 countries. On 17 March 2021, Postdigital Science and Education launched a call for a sequel article of testimonies about teaching and learning during very first Covid-19 lockdowns. The resulting article, ‘Teaching in the Age of Covid-19—1 Year Later’(attached), consists of 74 textual testimonies and 76 workspace photographs submitted by 77 authors from 20 countries.These two articles have been downloaded almost 100,000 times and have been cited more than 100 times. This shows their value as historical documents. Recent analyses, such as ‘Teaching in the Age of Covid-19—A Longitudinal Study ’(attached), also indicate their strong potential for educational research. As the Covid-19 pandemic seems to wind down, pandemic experiences have entered the mainstream. They shape all educational research of today and arguably do not require special treatment. Yet, our unique series of pandemic testimonies provides a unique opportunity to longitudinally trace what happens to the same people over the years—and this opportunity should not be missed.Today, we launch a call for fnal sequel: Teaching in the Age of Covid-19—The New Normal. In this sequel, we would like to hear about ways in which you—contributors to the previous articles—have established your own new normal. We hope that this will be the last iteration in this series of testimony articles. Unless the world faces another strong pandemic outburst, we would like to end the series with this last article.
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| 7. |
- Jandrić, Petar, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in the Age of Covid-19—1 Year Later
- 2021
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868. ; 3:3, s. 1073-1223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Ohlsson, Claes, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Comparisons of Immunoassay and Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Serum Estradiol Levels and Their Influence on Clinical Association Studies in Men
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 98:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Immunoassay-based techniques, routinely used to measure serum estradiol (E2), are known Objective: Our objective was to compare immunoassay and MS measurements of E2 levels in men and Design and Setting: Middle-aged and older male subjects participating in the population-based Main Outcome Measures: Immunoassay and MS measurements of serum E2 were compared and Results: Within each cohort, serum E2 levels obtained by immunoassay and MS correlated moderately Conclusions: Our findings suggest interference in the immunoassay E2 analyses, possibly by CRP or a
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| 9. |
- Benhamou, S, et al.
(författare)
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Meta- and pooled analyses of the effects of glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphisms and smoking on lung cancer risk
- 2002
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 23:8, s. 1343-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Susceptibility to lung cancer may in part be attributable to inter-individual variability in metabolic activation or detoxification of tobacco carcinogens. The glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genetic polymorphism has been extensively studied in this context; two recent meta-analyses of case-control studies suggested an association between GSTM1 deletion and lung cancer. At least 15 studies have been published after these overviews. We undertook a new meta-analysis to summarize the results of 43 published case-control studies including >18 000 individuals. A slight excess of risk of lung cancer for individuals with the GSTM1 null genotype was found (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.27). No evidence of publication bias was found (P = 0.4), however, it is not easy to estimate the extent of such bias and we cannot rule out some degree of publication bias in our results. A pooled analysis of the original data of about 9500 subjects involved in 21 case-control studies from the International Collaborative Study on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC) data set was performed to assess the role of GSTM1 genotype as a modifier of the effect of smoking on lung cancer risk with adequate power. Analyses revealed no evidence of increased risk of lung cancer among carriers of the GSTM1 null genotype (age-, gender- and center-adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.18) and no evidence of interaction between GSTM1 genotype and either smoking status or cumulative tobacco consumption.
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| 10. |
- Garte, S, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic gene polymorphism frequencies in control populations
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - 1055-9965. ; 10:12, s. 1239-1248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Abadpour, S., et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of the prostaglandin D-2-GPR44/DP2 axis improves human islet survival and function
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 63, s. 1355-1367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Inflammatory signals and increased prostaglandin synthesis play a role during the development of diabetes. The prostaglandin D-2 (PGD(2)) receptor, GPR44/DP2, is highly expressed in human islets and activation of the pathway results in impaired insulin secretion. The role of GPR44 activation on islet function and survival rate during chronic hyperglycaemic conditions is not known. In this study, we investigate GPR44 inhibition by using a selective GPR44 antagonist (AZ8154) in human islets both in vitro and in vivo in diabetic mice transplanted with human islets. Methods Human islets were exposed to PGD(2) or proinflammatory cytokines in vitro to investigate the effect of GPR44 inhibition on islet survival rate. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of GPR44 inhibition were investigated in human islets exposed to high concentrations of glucose (HG) and to IL-1 beta. For the in vivo part of the study, human islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient diabetic mice and treated with 6, 60 or 100 mg/kg per day of a GPR44 antagonist starting from the transplantation day until day 4 (short-term study) or day 17 (long-term study) post transplantation. IVGTT was performed on mice at day 10 and day 15 post transplantation. After termination of the study, metabolic variables, circulating human proinflammatory cytokines, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were analysed in the grafted human islets. Results PGD(2) or proinflammatory cytokines induced apoptosis in human islets whereas GPR44 inhibition reversed this effect. GPR44 inhibition antagonised the reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion induced by HG and IL-1 beta in human islets. This was accompanied by activation of the Akt-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta signalling pathway together with phosphorylation and inactivation of forkhead box O-1and upregulation of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 and HGF. Administration of the GPR44 antagonist for up to 17 days to diabetic mice transplanted with a marginal number of human islets resulted in reduced fasting blood glucose and lower glucose excursions during IVGTT. Improved glucose regulation was supported by increased human C-peptide levels compared with the vehicle group at day 4 and throughout the treatment period. GPR44 inhibition reduced plasma levels of TNF-alpha and growth-regulated oncogene-alpha/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and increased the levels of HGF in human islets. Conclusions/interpretation Inhibition of GPR44 in human islets has the potential to improve islet function and survival rate under inflammatory and hyperglycaemic stress. This may have implications for better survival rate of islets following transplantation.
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| 13. |
- Badou, Sylvestre A., et al.
(författare)
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Paxilloboletus gen. nov., a new lamellate bolete genus from tropical Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Mycological progress. - : Springer Nature. - 1617-416X .- 1861-8952. ; 21:1, s. 243-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents Paxilloboletus gen. nov., a new lamellate bolete genus represented by two tropical African species, Paxilloboletus africanus sp. nov. and Paxilloboletus latisporus sp. nov. Although the new taxa strongly resemble Paxillus (Paxillaceae), they lack clamp connections and form a separate generic clade within the Boletaceae phylogeny. The new species are lookalikes, morphologically only separable by their spore morphology. Descriptions and illustrations of the new genus and new species are given, as well as comments on ecology, distribution, and morphological differences with other gilled Boletaceae.
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| 14. |
- Bidartondo, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Preserving accuracy in GenBank
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. ; 319:5870
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Farman, Helen H., 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Female Mice Lacking Estrogen Receptor-alpha in Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Neurons Display Enhanced Estrogenic Response on Cortical Bone Mass
- 2016
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 157:8, s. 3242-3252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogens are important regulators of bone mass and their effects are mainly mediated via estrogen receptor(ER)alpha. Central ER alpha exerts an inhibitory role on bone mass. ER alpha is highly expressed in the arcuate (ARC) and the ventromedial (VMN) nuclei in the hypothalamus. To test whether ER alpha in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, located in ARC, is involved in the regulation of bone mass, we used mice lacking ER alpha expression specifically in POMC neurons (POMC-ER alpha(-/-)). Female POMC-ER alpha(-/-) and control mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with vehicle or estradiol (0.5 mu g/d) for 6 weeks. As expected, estradiol treatment increased the cortical bone thickness in femur, the cortical bone mechanical strength in tibia and the trabecular bone volume fraction in both femur and vertebrae in OVX control mice. Importantly, the estrogenic responses were substantially increased in OVX POMC-ER alpha(-/-) mice compared with the estrogenic responses in OVX control mice for cortical bone thickness (+ 126 +/- 34%, P < .01) and mechanical strength (+ 193 +/- 38%, P <.01). To test whether ER alpha in VMN is involved in the regulation of bone mass, ER alpha was silenced using an adeno-associated viral vector. Silencing of ER alpha in hypothalamic VMN resulted in unchanged bone mass. In conclusion, mice lacking ER alpha in POMC neurons display enhanced estrogenic response on cortical bone mass and mechanical strength. We propose that the balance between inhibitory effects of central ER alpha activity in hypothalamic POMC neuronsin ARC and stimulatory peripheral ER alpha-mediated effects in bone determines cortical bone mass in female mice.
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| 16. |
- Farman, H. H., et al.
(författare)
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Female mice lacking estrogen receptor-α in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons display enhanced estrogenic response on cortical bone mass
- 2016
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 157:8, s. 3242-3252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogens are important regulators of bone mass and their effects are mainly mediated via estrogen receptor(ER)α.CentralERα exertsaninhibitoryroleonbonemass.ERα ishighlyexpressedinthearcuate (ARC) and the ventromedial (VMN) nuclei in the hypothalamus. To test whether ERα in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, located in ARC, is involved in the regulation of bone mass, we used mice lacking ERα expression specifically in POMC neurons (POMC-ERα -/- ). Female POMC-ERα -/- and control mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with vehicle or estradiol (0.5 μg/d) for 6 weeks. As expected, estradiol treatment increased the cortical bone thickness in femur, the cortical bone mechanical strength in tibia and the trabecular bone volume fraction in both femur and vertebrae in OVX control mice. Importantly, the estrogenic responses were substantially increased in OVX POMC-ERα -/- mice compared with the estrogenic responses in OVX control mice for cortical bone thickness (+126 ± 34%, P < .01) and mechanical strength (+193 ± 38%, P < .01). To test whether ERα in VMN is involved in the regulation of bone mass, ERα was silenced using an adeno-associated viral vector. Silencing of ERα in hypothalamic VMN resulted in unchanged bone mass. In conclusion, mice lacking ERα in POMC neurons display enhanced estrogenic response on cortical bone mass and mechanical strength. We propose that the balance between inhibitory effects of central ERα activity in hypothalamic POMC neurons in ARC and stimulatory peripheral ERaα-mediated effects in bone determines cortical bone mass in female mice.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gouw, AA, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and sensitivity of visual scales versus volumetry for evaluating white matter hyperintensity progression
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 25:3, s. 247-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Investigating associations between the change of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and clinical symptoms over time is crucial for establishing a causal relationship. However, the most suitable method for measuring WMH progression has not been established yet. We compared the reliability and sensitivity of cross-sectional and longitudinal visual scales with volumetry for measuring WMH progression. <i>Methods:</i> Twenty MRI scan pairs (interval 2 years) were included from the Amsterdam center of the LADIS study. Semi-automated volumetry of WMH was performed twice by one rater. Three cross-sectional scales (Fazekas Scale, Age-Related White Matter Changes Scale, Scheltens Scale) and two progression scales (Rotterdam Progression Scale, Schmidt Progression Scale) were scored by 4 and repeated by 2 raters. <i>Results:</i> Mean WMH volume (24.6 ± 27.9 ml at baseline) increased by 4.6 ± 5.1 ml [median volume change (range) = 2.7 (–0.6 to 15.7) ml]. Measuring volumetric change in WMH was reliable (intraobserver:intraclass coefficient = 0.88). All visual scales showed significant change of WMH over time, although the sensitivity was highest for both of the progression scales. Proportional volumetric change of WMH correlated best with the Rotterdam Progression Scale (Spearman’s r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and the Schmidt Progression Scale (Spearman’s r = 0.64, p < 0.01). Although all scales were reliable for assessment of WMH cross-sectionally, WMH progression assessment using visual scales was less reliable, except for the Rotterdam Progression scale which had moderate to good reliability [weighted Cohen’s ĸ = 0.63 (intraobserver), 0.59 (interobserver)]. <i>Conclusion:</i> To determine change in WMH, dedicated progression scales are more sensitive and/or reliable and correlate better with volumetric volume change than cross-sectional scales.
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| 19. |
- Hiltunen Thorén, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Stage-specific transposon activity in the life cycle of the fairy-ring mushroom Marasmius oreades
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variability can be generated by different mechanisms, and across the life cycle. Many basidiomycete fungi have an extended somatic stage, during which each cell carries two genetically distinct haploid nuclei (dikaryosis), resulting from fusion of two compatible monokaryotic individuals. Recent findings have revealed remarkable genome stability at the nucleotide level during dikaryotic growth in these organisms, but whether this pattern extends to mutations affecting large genomic regions remains unknown. Furthermore, despite high genome integrity during dikaryosis, basidiomycete populations are not devoid of genetic diversity, begging the question of when this diversity is introduced. Here, we used a Marasmius oreades fairy ring to investigate the rise of large-scale variants during mono- and dikaryosis. By separating the two nuclear genotypes from four fruiting bodies and generating complete genome assemblies, we gained access to investigate genomic changes of any size. We found that during dikaryotic growth in nature the genome stayed intact, but after separating the nucleotypes into monokaryons, a considerable amount of structural variation started to accumulate, driven to large extent by transposons. Transposon insertions were also found in monokaryotic single-meiospore isolates. Hence, we show that genome integrity in basidiomycetes can be interrupted during monokaryosis, leading to genomic rearrangements and increased activity of transposable elements. We suggest that genetic diversification is disproportionate between life cycle stages in mushroom-forming fungi, so that the short-lived monokaryotic growth stage is more prone to genetic changes than the dikaryotic stage.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Houdanon, R. D., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic diversity and affiliation of tropical African ectomycorrhizal fungi
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mycosphere. - : MYCOSPHERE PRESS. - 2077-7000 .- 2077-7019. ; 13:1, s. 13-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ectomycorrhizal fungi form a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots, and are key for nutrient cycling in many ecosystems. Here we study the ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in the Oueme Superieur reserve forest in Benin (West Africa). We use phylogenetic methods to test if the species from the study site are closer to other tropical African species than to species from other regions. The Oueme Superieur community was represented by nine Operational Taxonomic Units in Amanitaceae, one in Boletaceae, one in Cantharellaceae, one in Cortinariaceae, two in Inocybaceae, fourteen in Russulaceae and three in Sclerodermataceae. Of these thirty-one Operational Taxonomic Units, twenty had no record in other areas, and unique Operational Taxonomic Units were found in all families except Boletaceae and Sclerodermataceae. The added phylogenetic diversity from these unique Operational Taxonomic Units tended to be higher than expected by chance in all families but Cantharellaceae. The Operational Taxonomic Units are generally fairly distinct and contribute proportionally to the phylogenetic diversity, reflecting that they do not only represent recently diverging species, but also more divergent lineages. Our analyses of the different families show that the communities of Amanitaceae, Inocybaceae, and Russulaceae are more closely related to the general Afrotropic community than expected by chance, at least measured as the nearest taxon distance. The lack of significant patterns in the other families may be due to lack of power, but the wide distribution of many Operational Taxonomic Units suggests that there are not likely to be strong patterns. It is only for Russulaceae that there is a significant pattern in the Oueme Superieur ectomycorrhizal fungal communities at a regional scale, with the Operational Taxonomic Units being less closely related than expected. At a global scale the patterns seem to reflect the overall distribution of the Afrotropic ectomycorrhizal fungal community. The phylogenetic patterns in the Afrotropic communities differ between families, from clustered to no clear pattern to over-dispersed measured as mean average phylogenetic distance. Each family seems to have its own biogeographic history, and there is no clear pattern for the ectomycorrhizal fungal community at large. Despite the lack of comprehensive taxonomic work to identify fungi in a region, it is still possible to draw some conclusions on their diversity using molecular phylogenetic methods. However, limited success in getting good sequence data from specimens, probably due to preservation issues in the field, and the lack of well annotated molecular data from many regions limit the power of these inferences.
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| 22. |
- Hrastinski, Stefan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Imaginaries and Reflections on Artificial Intelligence and Robots in Postdigital K-12 Education
- 2019
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Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868 .- 2662-5326. ; 1:2, s. 427-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly suggested that emerging technologies will revolutionize education. In this paper, two such emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and educational robots (ER), are in focus. The aim of the paper is to explore how teachers, researchers and pedagogical developers critically imagine and reflect upon how AI and robots could be used in education. The empirical data were collected from discussion groups that were part of a symposium. For both AI and ERs, the need for more knowledge about these technologies, how they could preferably be used, and how the emergence of these technologies might affect the role of the teacher and the relationship between teachers and students, were outlined. Many participants saw more potential to use AI for individualization as compared with ERs. However, there were also more concerns, such as ethical issues and economic interests, when discussing AI. While the researchers/developers to a greater extent imagined ideal future technology-rich educational practices, the practitioners were more focused on imaginaries grounded in current practice.
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| 23. |
- Huang, Shan, et al.
(författare)
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Truncated lubricin glycans in osteoarthritis stimulate the synoviocyte secretion of VEGFA, IL-8, and MIP-1α : Interplay between O-linked glycosylation and inflammatory cytokines
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-889X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of the study was to identify inflammatory markers relevant for osteoarthritis (OA)-related systemic (plasma) and local (synovial fluid, SF) inflammation. From this, we looked for inflammatory markers that coincided with the increased amount of O-linked Tn antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) glycan on SF lubricin. Inflammatory markers in plasma and SF in OA patients and controls were measured using a 44-multiplex immunoassay. We found consistently 29 markers detected in both plasma and SF. The difference in their concentration and the low correlation when comparing SF and plasma suggests an independent inflammatory environment in the two biofluids. Only plasma MCP-4 and TARC increased in our patient cohort compared to control plasma. To address the second task, we concluded that plasma markers were irrelevant for a direct connection with SF glycosylation. Hence, we correlated the SF-inflammatory marker concentrations with the level of altered glycosylation of SF-lubricin. We found that the level of SF-IL-8 and SF-MIP-1α and SF-VEGFA in OA patients displayed a positive correlation with the altered lubricin glycosylation. Furthermore, when exposing fibroblast-like synoviocytes from both controls and OA patients to glycovariants of recombinant lubricin, the secretion of IL-8 and MIP-1α and VEGFA were elevated using lubricin with Tn antigens, while lubricin with sialylated and nonsialylated T antigens had less or no measurable effect. These data suggest that truncated glycans of lubricin, as found in OA, promote synovial proinflammatory cytokine production and exacerbate local synovial inflammation.
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| 24. |
- Hyde, Kevin D., et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating molecular data in fungal systematics: a guide for aspiring researchers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology. - : Mushroom Research Foundation. - 2229-2225. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last twenty years have witnessed molecular data emerge as a primary research instrument in most branches of mycology. Fungal systematics, taxonomy, and ecology have all seen tremendous progress and have undergone rapid, far-reaching changes as disciplines in the wake of continual improvement in DNA sequencing technology. A taxonomic study that draws from molecular data involves a long series of steps, ranging from taxon sampling through the various laboratory procedures and data analysis to the publication process. All steps are important and influence the results and the way they are perceived by the scientific community. The present paper provides a reflective overview of all major steps in such a project with the purpose to assist research students about to begin their first study using DNA-based methods. We also take the opportunity to discuss the role of taxonomy in biology and the life sciences in general in the light of molecular data. While the best way to learn molecular methods is to work side by side with someone experienced, we hope that the present paper will serve to lower the learning threshold for the reader.
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| 25. |
- Kemiläinen, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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The Hydroxysteroid (17β) Dehydrogenase Family Gene HSD17B12 Is Involved in the Prostaglandin Synthesis Pathway, the Ovarian Function, and Regulation of Fertility.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 157:10, s. 3719-3730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase (HSD17B)12 gene belongs to the hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase superfamily, and it has been implicated in the conversion of estrone to estradiol as well as in the synthesis of arachidonic acid (AA). AA is a precursor of prostaglandins, which are involved in the regulation of female reproduction, prompting us to study the role of HSD17B12 enzyme in the ovarian function. We found a broad expression of HSD17B12 enzyme in both human and mouse ovaries. The enzyme was localized in the theca interna, corpus luteum, granulosa cells, oocytes, and surface epithelium. Interestingly, haploinsufficiency of the HSD17B12 gene in female mice resulted in subfertility, indicating an important role for HSD17B12 enzyme in the ovarian function. In line with significantly increased length of the diestrous phase, the HSD17B(+/-) females gave birth less frequently than wild-type females, and the litter size of HSD17B12(+/-) females was significantly reduced. Interestingly, we observed meiotic spindle formation in immature follicles, suggesting defective meiotic arrest in HSD17B12(+/-) ovaries. The finding was further supported by transcriptome analysis showing differential expression of several genes related to the meiosis. In addition, polyovular follicles and oocytes trapped inside the corpus luteum were observed, indicating a failure in the oogenesis and ovulation, respectively. Intraovarian concentrations of steroid hormones were normal in HSD17B12(+/-) females, whereas the levels of AA and its metabolites (6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha, prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, and thromboxane B2) were decreased. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that HSD17B12 enzyme plays an important role in female fertility through its role in AA metabolism.
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