| 1. |
- Westberg, Lars, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of androgen receptor repeat polymorphisms on personality traits in men
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. - 1488-2434 .- 1180-4882. ; 34:3, s. 205-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Testosterone has been attributed importance for various aspects of behaviour. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential influence of 2 functional polymorphisms in the amino terminal of the androgen receptor on personality traits in men. Methods We assessed and genotyped 141 men born in 1944 recruited from the general population. We used 2 different instruments: the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. For replication, we similarly assessed 63 men recruited from a forensic psychiatry study group. Results In the population-recruited sample, the lengths of the androgen receptor repeats were associated with neuroticism, extraversion and self-transcendence. The association with extraversion was replicated in the independent sample. Limitations Our 2 samples differed in size; sample 1 was of moderate size and sample 2 was small. In addition, the homogeneity of sample 1 probably enhanced our ability to detect significant associations between genotype and phenotype. Conclusion Our results suggest that the repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene may influence personality traits in men.
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| 2. |
- Melke, Jonas, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A polymorphism in the serotonin receptor 3A (HTR3A) gene and its association with harm avoidance in women.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Archives of general psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-990X. ; 60:10, s. 1017-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The brain neurotransmitter serotonin is known to affect various aspects of human behavior, including personality traits. Serotonin receptor type 3 is a ligand-gated channel encoded by 2 different subunit genes, HTR3A and HTR3B. A polymorphism (C178T) in the 5' region of the HTR3A gene has recently been identified and suggested to be of functional importance. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the possible association between the C178T polymorphism in the HTR3A gene and personality traits in women. DESIGN: Two independent samples of 35- to 45-year-old Swedish women were recruited using the population register. Sample 1 (n = 195) was assessed via the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory; sample 2 (n = 175) was assessed using the latter only. Both samples were genotyped with respect to the C178T polymorphism in the HTR3A gene. The A1596G polymorphism in the same gene was also investigated. RESULTS: A significant association between C178T genotype and the Temperament and Character Inventory factor harm avoidance was observed in sample 1 (corrected for multiple comparisons P =.04); this finding was subsequently replicated in sample 2 (P =.004) (pooled populations: P<.001). In the pooled sample, all harm avoidance subscales were found to be significantly associated with the C178T polymorphism: anticipatory worry (P =.001), fear of uncertainty (P<.001), shyness (P<.001), and fatigability and asthenia (P =.008). In addition, a significant association was found in sample 1 between the C178T polymorphism and the Karolinska Scales of Personality nonconformity factor (corrected P =.002), including the subscales of social desirability (P<.001), indirect aggression (P =.002), verbal aggression (P =.05), and irritability (P<.001). Participants homozygous for the less common T allele (<4%) differed from the remaining women by displaying lower ratings on harm avoidance and nonconformity. CONCLUSION: The C178T polymorphism in the HTR3A gene may affect the personality trait of harm avoidance in women.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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New Swedish forensic psychiatric facilities: visions and outcomes.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Facilities. - : Emerald. - 0263-2772 .- 1758-7131. ; 31:1/2, s. 24-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to map significant features of the physical design of nine recently planned facilities for forensic psychiatric care in Sweden. The present paper is focused on differences in the physical design, static security adaptations, visions and goals for the projects, economy and steering processes. Design/methodology/approach – In June 2008, records concerning major forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned or carried out between 1970 and 2008, were requested from all 21 regions in Sweden. The documents were collected, organized, critically examined, and analyzed in their contexts. Extensive data have also been retrieved from the internet. Findings – In spite of the common national legislation governing forensic psychiatric care, the projects show great diversity in the physical design and, after 2006, increasing emphasis on static security. The collected material indicates different visions and goals and little coordination between them. It also suggests that the decisions rarely have been preceded by scientific studies or, as it appears, systematic needs assessments. There were also considerable variations in the interpretation of the legislation stipulating public access to official documentation and the time-frame allowed for such requests. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the project especially relate to the incompleteness of the documents received. Originality/value – This mainly descriptive paper provides an overview of contemporary Swedish forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned for or realized after 2000. This paper points out structural and physical differences between these projects. The systematised documents are made available for research purposes within different disciplines.
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| 5. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and monoamine metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 179:2, s. 231-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiotensin II has been suggested to influence central dopamine and serotonin turnover. Since the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in angiotensin regulation by converting inactive angiotensin 1 to active angiotensin II, we hypothesised that the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene, which has previously been suggested to be associated with, depression and panic disorder, may influence monoamine activity. A well-established technique for assessing brain monoamine turnover in humans is to measure concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We thus investigated possible associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations in a population of healthy male subjects. After having found such an association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in this sample, I carriers displaying lower levels, we tried to replicate this observation in a population of violent male offenders from which also both CSF and DNA were available. Also in this sample, the same associations were found. Our results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may play a role in the modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic turnover in men. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Learning disability
- 2003
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 362:9386, s. 811-821
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning disability is common, affecting 1-2.5% of the general population in the Western world, and encompasses many different conditions. It usually leads to major functional impairment and lifelong need for support and interventions, not the least important of which are medical and health-care services. Rapid progress is being made in the understanding of the cause and pathogenesis of many learning disability syndromes, and these advances are likely to improve targeted interventions in the next decade. Many countries have abolished a learning disability specialty for medical professionals, but there is a great need to revive this niche of medical knowledge. We know little about quality of life and effects on families of people with learning disability, and research is needed to address these issues.
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| 7. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced regional cerebral blood flow in non-psychotic violent offenders.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 98:1, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was designed to replicate previously reported findings of abnormal frontal and/or temporal cerebral blood flow in violent offenders and to control for the influence of major mental disorder (MMD), substance abuse, and current medication. HMPAO-SPECT-CBF and MRI scans from pretrial forensic psychiatric investigations of 21 subjects convicted of impulsive violent crimes were retrospectively re-evaluated. In 16/21 subjects, visual assessment of SPECT scans showed some hypoperfusion in the temporal and/or frontal lobes. MRI showed no corresponding structural damage. Quantified regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in defined regions of interest was compared between index cases and 11 healthy control subjects. Index subjects had significant reductions in the right angular gyrus and the right medial temporal gyrus, bilaterally in the hippocampus, and in the left white frontal matter, but they had significantly increased rCBF in the parietal association cortex bilaterally. The aberrations were as frequent and severe among the subjects without MMD, substance abuse, and current medication (n=7) as in the entire group of index subjects.
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| 8. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The childhood-onset neuropsychiatric background to adulthood psychopathic traits and personality disorders.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Comprehensive psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-440X. ; 46:2, s. 111-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood conduct disorder (CD) and adult psychopathic traits according to the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) were the closest psychiatric covariates to repeated violent crimes and aggression among offenders under forensic psychiatric investigation in Sweden. As psychopathy is not included in the present psychiatric diagnostic systems, we compared total and factor PCL-R scores to Axis I disorders, including childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders, and to Axis II personality disorders, to establish the convergence of psychopathic traits with other psychiatric diagnoses, and to identify possible unique features. Psychopathic traits were positively correlated with bipolar mood disorder and negatively with unipolar depression. The total PCL-R scores as well as the Factor 2 (unemotionality) and Factor 3 (behavioral dyscontrol) scores were significantly correlated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Asperger's syndrome/high-functioning autistic traits, CD, substance abuse, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Cluster B personality disorders. The interpersonal Factor 1 showed none of these correlations and may capture features that are specific to psychopathy, distinguishing core psychopathy from other diagnostic definitions.
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| 9. |
- Carlstedt, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Mental disorders and DSM-IV paedophilia in 185 subjects convicted of sexual child abuse.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:6, s. 534-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to explore how sexual child abusers who meet the DSM-IV criteria for paedophilia differ from those who do not. We studied DSM-IV disorders and paedophilic interests in all cases of sexual child abuse referred to forensic psychiatric investigation in Sweden between 1993 and 1997 (n=185). Frequency and severity of other mental disorders did not differ between subjects with and without DSM-IV paedophilia. However, men with paedophilia had more previous paedophilia convictions, same-sex and younger victims and less often intoxicated status when committing the act. The concept of paedophilia as a mental disorder is not supported by the DSM-IV diagnosis, which primarily describes the acting out of attraction.
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| 10. |
- Carlstedt, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual child abuse in a defined Swedish area 1993-97: a population-based survey.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Archives of sexual behavior. - 0004-0002. ; 30:5, s. 483-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attempting to avoid some of the most common methodological problems involved in research on sexual child abuse, we collected data on crimes, perpetrators, and sanctions in all convicted cases of sexual child abuse in a defined population during a 5-year period. This approach provided amply documented and ascertained cases with precise definitions and descriptions of the crimes involved, no clinical referral bias, and minimal dependence on memory effects. The results are valid for the small proportion of cases that lead to conviction in the context of Swedish legislation. Structured data were collected from the court dossiers in all cases of sexual crimes against minors (less than 15 years of age) tried and sentenced at the courts in the Västra Götaland region of Sweden between 1993 and 1997. The total number of 496 sentences for sexual crimes during the study period included 203 cases of sexual child abuse (40.8%) with 283 victims and 196 perpetrators, all men. Girls were victims in 85% of the cases, boys in 12%, and boys as well as girls in 3%. Sexual penetration had occurred in 54.5% of cases and the total proportion of hands-on crimes was 83%. Most perpetrators, 72%, were well known to the child. The most severe offenses took place within the family. A wide range of acts were classified as sexual child abuse, but most common was sexual penetration of a female child by her biological father or a family friend.
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| 11. |
- de Flon, Pierre, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light in a multiple sclerosis trial.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 139:5, s. 462-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of this study was to evaluate the axonal component neurofilament light protein (NFL) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an outcome measure in a clinical trial on disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis.Seventy-five patients with clinically stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participating in the clinical trial "Switch-To RItuXimab in MS" (STRIX-MS) were switched to rituximab from first-line injectable therapy and then followed up for 2years. Thirty patients from the extension trial (STRIX-MS extension), accepting repeated lumbar punctures, were followed up for an additional 3years. Plasma and CSF samples were collected yearly during the follow-up. NFL concentration in plasma was measured by an in-house NF-light assay on the Simoa platform with a Homebrew kit. NFL concentration in CSF was measured by sandwich ELISA.The mean levels of NFL, in both CSF and plasma, were low. The reduction of CSF-NFL was 25% during the first year of follow-up (from a mean of 471 [SD 393] to 354 [SD 174]pg/mL; P=0.006) and was statistically significant. The corresponding reduction in plasma NFL was 18% (from 9.73 [SD 7.04] to 7.94 [SD 3.10]pg/mL; P=0.055) and did not reach statistical significance.This study indicates that NFL in plasma is less sensitive as an endpoint in group comparisons than NFL in CSF. Given that plasma NFL is far easier to access, it is a promising and awaited method but further studies are needed to optimize the use in clinical trials.
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| 12. |
- de Flon, Pierre, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of plasma and CSF Neurofilament light as outcome in a multiple sclerosis trial
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the axonal component neurofilament light protein (NFL) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an outcome measure in a clinical trial on disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis.Method: Seventy-five patients with clinically stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participating in the clinical trial “Switch-To RItuXimab in MS” (STRIX-MS) were switched to rituximab from first-line injectable therapy and then followed for two years. Thirty patients from the extension trial (STRIX-MS extension), accepting repeated lumbar punctures, were followed for an additional three years. Plasma and CSF samples were collected yearly during the follow-up. NFL concentration in plasma was measured by an in-house NF-light assay on the Simoa platform with a Homebrew kit. NFL concentration in CSF was measured by sandwich ELISA.Results: The mean levels of NFL, in both CSF and plasma, were low. The reduction of CSF-NFL with 25% during the first year of follow-up (from a mean of 471 (SD 393) to 354 (SD 174) pg/mL; p=0.006) was statistically significant. The corresponding reduction in plasma-NFL was 18% (from 9.73 (SD 7.04) to 7.94 (SD 3.10) pg/mL; p=0.055) and did not reach the level of statistical significance.Conclusion: This study indicates that NFL in plasma is less sensitive as an endpoint in group comparisons than NFL in CSF. Given that plasma NFL is far easier to access, it is a promising and awaited method but further studies are needed to optimise the use in clinical trials.
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| 13. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Co-existing disorders in ADHD -- implications for diagnosis and intervention.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 13 Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is only recently that "comorbidity" in ADHD has come to the forefront as one of the most important aspects of the disorder. It is agreed that, often, these problems are at least as important as ADHD in contributing to the longer term outcome in the individual child. OBJECTIVE: To provide the reader with basic information about clinics and treatment of "comorbidity" in ADHD. METHOD: Review of the empirically based literature. RESULTS: ADHD exists in a surprisingly high frequency together with a broad range of child neuropsychiatric disorders. This is accompanied with many still unresolved treatment problems. CONCLUSION: It would not be appropriate to develop ADHD-services where clinicians would only have expertise in ADHD as such. Anyone working with children, adolescents and adults with ADHD would need to have training in general neuropsychiatry. Further research in this field is urgently needed.
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| 14. |
- Jamain, Stephane, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations of the X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 are associated with autism
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 34:1, s. 27-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have supported a genetic etiology for autism. Here we report mutations in two X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 in siblings with autism-spectrum disorders. These mutations affect cell-adhesion molecules localized at the synapse and suggest that a defect of synaptogenesis may predispose to autism.
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| 15. |
- Ståhlberg, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Autism Spectrum Disorders and Coexisting Mental Health Problems
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Autism Spectrum Disorders: Phenotypes, Mechanisms and Treatment (Eds). M Leboyer, & P Chaste.. - Basel : Karger. - 9783318026016 ; , s. 5-19
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is rule rather than an exception that mental disorders occur in complex and manifold forms, and a number of models have been proposed to explain this co-occurrence or co-‘morbidity’. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD, i.e. autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified) are no exemption. Here, the literature on ASD co-occurring with developmental disorders (such as ADHD), learning disorders, and problems that typically arise during childhood (e.g. oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder), and adulthood (e.g. anxiety, affective/mood disorders, and psychotic disorders) will be reviewed. The patterns of mental disorders co-occurring with ASD could not be summarized into any consistent and easy-to-interpret model of co-morbidity. Thus, research on ASD should consider and not rule out coexisting mental conditions (and include persons with complex problems in studies), clinical assessments, and evaluations. Ignoring the complexity of co-occurring conditions will have detrimental effects in research, counteracting our understanding of the etiology behind ASD and the development of evidence-based, comprehensive treatment strategies.
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| 16. |
- Ståhlberg, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorders in adults with childhood onset AD/HD and/or autism spectrum disorders.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 111:7, s. 891-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often display symptoms from other diagnostic categories. Exclusion criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) impede the use of categorical diagnoses to describe the particular problem constellation in a patient. In this study, we describe the prevalence and patterns of comorbid bipolar and psychotic disorders in 241 consecutively referred adult patients with AD/HD and/or ASD. Thirty per cent of patients with AD/HD had comorbid ASD and 38% of patients with ASD had comorbid AD/HD. Of the subjects with ASD, 7% had bipolar disorder with psychotic features, and 7.8% had schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder. The corresponding figures for the patients with AD/HD were 5.0% and 5.0%, respectively. Current diagnostic criteria have to be revised to acknowledge the comorbidity of bipolar and/or psychotic disorders in AD/HD and ASD.
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| 17. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A clinical case series of six extremely aggressive youths treated with olanzapine
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - 1018-8827. ; 11:3, s. 138-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olanzapine is an atypical neuroleptic drug with mood-stabilising properties and few of the side effects commonly associated with conventional neuroleptic treatment. We used olanzapine, 5-20 mg/day, to treat severe aggression in six non-psychotic teenage boys with neuropsychiatric disorders. All but one started to respond within one week. The therapeutic effect in four of the patients clearly outweighed the side effects (weight gain and sedation). The subjects described a markedly increased sense of well being during the olanzapine treatment.
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| 18. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A controlled study of tryptophan and cortisol in violent offenders.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 111:12, s. 1605-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the metabolism of tryptophan, other amino acids, and steroid hormones have been implicated in aggression. We compared tryptophan, competing long amino acids (CAAs), and cortisol in serum (S) and CSF in 22 violent offenders and 15 healthy controls. Offenders had significantly increased S-L-tryptophan, S-free tryptophan, S-CAAs, S-cortisol and CSF-cortisol, indicating abnormal neurophysiological processes. Larger studies on the interplay between violence, serotonin precursors, and stress hormones need to integrate personality traits, life situations, and physiological adaptation.
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| 19. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Adult psychopathic personality with childhood-onset hyperactivity and conduct disorder: a central problem constellation in forensic psychiatry.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - 0165-1781. ; 121:3, s. 271-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe lifetime mental disorders among perpetrators of severe inter-personal crimes and to identify the problem domains most closely associated with aggression and a history of repeated violent criminality, we used structured interviews, clinical assessments, analyses of intellectual functioning, medical and social files, and collateral interviews in 100 consecutive subjects of pretrial forensic psychiatric investigations. Childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), learning disability, tics and autism spectrum disorders] affected 55% of the subjects and formed complex comorbidity patterns with adult personality disorders [including psychopathic traits according to the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R)], mood disorders and substance abuse. The closest psychiatric covariates to high Lifetime History of Aggression (LHA) scores and violent recidivism were the PCL-R scores and childhood conduct disorder (CD). Behavioral and affective PCL-R factors were closely associated with childhood AD/HD, CD, and autistic traits. The results support the notion that childhood-onset social and behavioral problems form the most relevant psychiatric symptom cluster in relation to pervasive adult violent behavior, while late-onset mental disorders are more often associated with single acts of violent or sexual aggression.
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| 20. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated triiodothyronine in psychopathy - possible physiological mechanisms.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 111:6, s. 739-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed a total range of peripheral thyroid hormone fractions, binding globulins, and thyroid-active antibodies in 37 medication-free, violent or sexual offenders, aged 17-45 years, to describe possible mechanisms involved in the thyroid metabolism of aggressive men. The ratio between T3 and T4 correlated with ratings of psychopathy, indicating increased peripheral deiodination as a biological covariate to callous personality traits. Autoimmune antibodies, hepatic failure, abnormal binding globulins, or substance abuse did not affect the association.
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| 21. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966
(författare)
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Neuropsychiatric background factors to violent crime
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction and aims. Mental disorders among perpetrators of violent and sexual crimes differ from those in the general population in prevalence, course, and patterns of comorbidity. The Göteborg Forensic Neuropsychiatry Projects was initiated to map neuropsychiatric vulnerability factors (disorders, deficits, symptoms, and neurobiological aberrations) among violent offenders and analyze the findings in relation to life histories of violent crimes and aggression. Subjects and Methods. A total of 170 violent and sexual offenders referred to pretrial forensic psychiatric investigation were examined in two Pilot and one Main study. Lifetime psychiatric disorders, including childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit (AD)/hyperactivity disorder (HD), tics, and mental retardation), conduct disorder (CD), adult mental disorders, substance abuse, and personality disorders, including psychopathic traits, were assessed by means of clinical diagnostic interviews, symptom ratings, and neuropsychological tests. Regional and chemical CNS activity and possible pathological changes were investigated by brain imaging (MRI and SPECT) and cerebrospinal fluid analyses (monoamine metabolites, albumin ratios, Ig-indices, tau protein, and GAP-43). Results. All mental disorders had high prevalences. Within the study group, retrospectively rated childhood AD/HD and CD were independently the closest psychiatric covariates to adulthood psychopathy and violent criminality. Frontotemporal regional blood flow was decreased compared to controls and negatively correlated with interpersonal aspects of psychopathy. The CSF HVA/5-HIAA ratio correlated with all aspects of psychopathy. There was a higher than expected prevalence of protein leakage across the blood-brain barrier and minor pathological changes on MRI scans, but no consistent pattern of brain disease or damage. Interpersonal traits of psychopathy covaried especially with decreased limbic blood flow, while the emotional traits covaried with attention deficits, and the behavioral traits with hyperactivity/impulsivity and CSF HVA/5-HIAA. Conclusion. Childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders and disruptive behaviors are core problems also among adult offenders and call for comprehensive and structured diagnostic practices with a lifetime perspective, including neurobiological assessments, and targeted care with individually designed treatment programs.
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| 22. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced frontotemporal perfusion in psychopathic personality.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 0925-4927. ; 114:2, s. 81-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several brain-imaging studies have found associations between aberrant functioning in the frontal and temporal lobes and violent offending. We have previously reported decreased frontotemporal perfusion unrelated to psychosis, substance abuse, or current medication in 21 violent offenders. In the present study, we compared the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a new group of 32 violent offenders to scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), which rates two aspects of psychopathy: disturbed interpersonal attitudes (Factor 1) and impulsive antisocial behavior (Factor 2). A recently proposed model has split Factor 1 into a new Factor 1 (deceitful interpersonal style), a new Factor 2 (affective unresponsiveness), and a Factor 3, which approximately corresponds to the old Factor 2. The rCBF was assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m-d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) in regions of interest (ROIs) placed in accordance with fusioned magnetic resonance images (MRI) and SPECT scans. Significant negative correlations were found between interpersonal features of psychopathy (the old and especially the new Factor 1) and the frontal and temporal perfusion. The two most clearly associated ROIs were the head of the caudate nuclei and the hippocampi. These findings in a group of violent offenders living under the same conditions, which reduced the number of state-related confounders, add to the evidence indicating that aberrant frontotemporal activity may be a factor in violent behavior.
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| 23. |
- Söderström, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and character in adults with Asperger syndrome.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Autism. - 1362-3613. ; 6:3, s. 287-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the personality characteristics of adults with Asperger syndrome, and investigate the value of self-rating personality inventories, we administered the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) to 31 outpatients with Asperger syndrome. The TCI is a self-rating personality inventory that has been validated in the Swedish general population. The results were compared with age- and sex-matched norm groups. Participants with Asperger syndrome scored significantly higher on harm avoidance and lower on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Reward dependence and novelty seeking tended to be low. They also had significantly higher rarity scores, reflecting idiosyncratic perspectives. The most common temperament configurations were ‘obsessional’, ‘passive-dependent’ and ‘explosive’. Character, reflecting conceptual maturity, was poorly developed in the majority of our subjects. The self-ratings of persons with Asperger syndrome thus indicated anxious personalities with coping difficulties in the areas of social interaction and self-directedness, a picture corresponding to the clinical descriptions of Asperger syndrome.
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| 24. |
-
Tron är mitt lokalbatteri : religion och religiositet i August Strindbergs liv och verk
- 2012
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tron är mitt lokalbatteri skriver August Strindberg i boken Ensam - ett av de sista verken. Tron tar sig många uttryck och strömkällan ger kraft till en mängd olika texter. Citatet ger en ingång till flera av dessa berättelser, och till berättelsen om Strindberg som sökare, mystiker, ateist och kristen. Bilden är mångskiftande.Till Damaskus, En Blå bok, Påsk, Mäster Olof, Giftasnovellerna, Sagospelen och Kammarspelen är några av de texter som betraktas ur detta perspektiv, men även hans tid i Frankrike, hans relation till den katolska kyrkan och till andra författare såsom Emanuel Swedenborg och Carl von Linne.Ett flertal författare och forskare som under lång tid arbetat med Strindbergs verk och liv medverkar. Avslutar gör biskop em Caroline Krook med en personlig betraktelse över det religiösa sökande som ses i August Strindbergs verk.
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