| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 7. |
- Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, et al.
(författare)
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Defining the clinical, molecular and imaging spectrum of adaptor protein complex 4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain. - OXFORD ENGLAND : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 143:10, s. 2929-2944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in genes that encode subunits of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) lead to prototypical yet poorly understood forms of childhood-onset and complex hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). Here, we report a detailed cross-sectional analysis of clinical, imaging and molecular data of 156 patients from 101 families. Enrolled patients were of diverse ethnic backgrounds and covered a wide age range (1.0-49.3 years). While the mean age at symptom onset was 0.8 +/- 0.6 years [standard deviation (SD), range 0.2-5.0], the mean age at diagnosis was 10.2 +/- 8.5 years (SD, range 0.1-46.3). We define a set of core features: early-onset developmental delay with delayed motor milestones and significant speech delay (50% non-verbal); intellectual disability in the moderate to severe range; mild hypotonia in infancy followed by spastic diplegia (mean age: 8.4 +/- 5.1 years, SD) and later tetraplegia (mean age: 16.1 +/- 9.8 years, SD); postnatal microcephaly (83%); foot deformities (69%); and epilepsy (66%) that is intractable in a subset. At last follow-up, 36% ambulated with assistance (mean age: 8.9 +/- 6.4 years, SD) and 54% were wheelchair-dependent (mean age: 13.4 +/- 9.8 years, SD). Episodes of stereotypic laughing, possibly consistent with a pseudobulbar affect, were found in 56% of patients. Key features on neuroimaging include a thin corpus callosum (90%), ventriculomegaly (65%) often with colpocephaly, and periventricular white-matter signal abnormalities (68%). Iron deposition and polymicrogyria were found in a subset of patients. AP4B1-associated SPG47 and AP4M1-associated SPG50 accounted for the majority of cases. About two-thirds of patients were born to consanguineous parents, and 82% carried homozygous variants. Over 70 unique variants were present, the majority of which are frameshift or nonsense mutations. To track disease progression across the age spectrum, we defined the relationship between disease severity as measured by several rating scales and disease duration. We found that the presence of epilepsy, which manifested before the age of 3 years in the majority of patients, was associated with worse motor outcomes. Exploring genotype-phenotype correlations, we found that disease severity and major phenotypes were equally distributed among the four subtypes, establishing that SPG47, SPG50, SPG51 and SPG52 share a common phenotype, an 'AP-4 deficiency syndrome'. By delineating the core clinical, imaging, and molecular features of AP-4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia across the age spectrum our results will facilitate early diagnosis, enable counselling and anticipatory guidance of affected families and help define endpoints for future interventional trials.
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| 8. |
- El-Sadek, M.H., et al.
(författare)
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Non-isothermal carbothermic reduction kinetics of mechanically activated ilmenite containing self-reducing mixtures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry (Print). - : Springer. - 1388-6150 .- 1588-2926. ; 131:3, s. 2457-2465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effect of mechanical activation on carbothermic reduction kinetics and mechanism of ilmenite concentrate containing self-reducing mixture has been investigated using a combination of thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. Thermogravimetric comparative study of mechanically activated and non-activated ilmenite concentrate containing self-reducing mixtures with C/O molar ratio of 1.5 was conducted non-isothermally. The samples were heated up to 1573 K at three different heating rates (10, 15, and 20 K min−1) under controlled atmosphere. The reduction mechanism of mechanically activated mixture was followed by X-ray diffraction analysis of arrested samples at different reduction extents. In addition, reaction kinetics was further investigated and corresponding kinetic parameters were estimated using isoconversional (model-free) and model-fitting (Coats–Redfern) methods.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Aitola, M, et al.
(författare)
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Aint/Tacc3 is highly expressed in proliferating mouse tissues during development, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis
- 2003
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Ingår i: The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-1554. ; 51:4, s. 455-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aint was originally identified on the basis of its interaction in vitro with the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear receptor translocator (Arnt). Arnt is a common heterodimerization partner in the basic helix-loop–helix (bHLH)-PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) protein family and is involved in diverse biological functions. These include xenobiotic metabolism, hypoxic response, and circadian rhythm. In addition, Arnt has a crucial role during development. Aint is a member of a growing family of transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) proteins and is the murine homologue of human TACC3. Here we report the spatiotemporal expression of Tacc3 mRNA and protein in embryonic, postnatally developing, and adult mouse tissues using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Tacc3 mRNA was highly expressed in proliferating cells of several organs during murine development. However, the only adult tissues expressing high levels were testis and ovary. Immunocytochemistry revealed that Tacc3 is a nuclear protein. Our results suggest that Tacc3 has an important role in murine development, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis.
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| 13. |
- Hammad, Yasser A., et al.
(författare)
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Quality improvement can decrease blood delivery turnaround time : Evidence from a single tertiary-care academic medical center
- 2018
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Ingår i: Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. - : American University of Beirut. - 0544-0440. ; 25:3, s. 273-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Blood transfusion services are critical to any hospitals’ functioning, and timely blood/ component therapy resuscitation is lifesaving. Yet, few blood delivery turnaround time (TAT) studies have been undertaken. Aims: We assessed blood delivery TAT at our institution before and after implementing an intervention. Settings and Design: This before-after study assessed blood delivery TAT at our institution at baseline (first audit, December 2015 - February 2016); analyzed the causes of any delays and implemented a multipronged organizational, educational and operational remedial actions for risk mitigation for 3 months, aiming to shorten the blood delivery TAT; and then 9 months later assessed the blood delivery TAT again (second audit, November 2017 - December 2017). Methods and Material: For each of the two audits, we assessed three indices that comprise TAT: Response time (time from doctor’s request until blood is ready for collection, T1); processing time (time from the arrival of technician to blood bank and start of paperwork processing at the blood bank’s front desk until actual collection of the blood, T2); and, Transport time (time from blood bank to arrival to operating theatre, T3). Statistical analysis used: The observed proportions for categorical variables were reported as percentage and compared using Chi square test. Results: After implementing the remedial actions, the second audit confirmed considerable improvements across all three components that comprise the blood TAT. The transport time significantly decreased from an initial majority of > 15 mins duration, to a majority of < 15 mins transport time after the second audit; there was a 50% improvement in 30 mins response time; and the percentage of requests processed in < 10 mins were significantly higher after the second audit. Conclusions: Our program and its findings in terms of much improved blood delivery TAT after implementing this quality improvement approach represent an appropriate and effective solution to the challenge of making blood available fast enough to meet true hemorrhagic emergencies.
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| 16. |
- Sadek, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Sptrx-2, a fusion protein composed of one thioredoxin and three tandemly repeated NDP-kinase domains is expressed in human testis germ cells
- 2001
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Ingår i: Genes to Cells. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1356-9597 .- 1365-2443. ; 6:12, s. 1077-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Thioredoxins (Trx) are small redox proteins that function as general protein disulphide reductases and regulate several cellular processes such as transcription factor DNA binding activity, apoptosis and DNA synthesis. In mammalian organisms, thioredoxins are generally ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, with the exception of Sptrx-1 which is specifically expressed in sperm cells.RESULTS: We report here the identification and characterization of a novel member of the thioredoxin family, the second with a tissue-specific distribution in human sperm, termed Sptrx-2. The Sptrx-2 ORF (open reading frame) encodes for a protein of 588 amino acids with two different domains: an N-terminal thioredoxin domain encompassing the first 105 residues and a C-terminal domain composed of three repeats of a NDP kinase domain. The Sptrx-2 gene spans about 51 kb organized in 17 exons and maps at locus 7p13-14. Sptrx-2 mRNA is exclusively expressed in human testis, mainly in primary spermatocytes, while Sptrx-2 protein expression is detected from the pachytene spermatocytes stage onwards, peaking at round spermatids stage. Recombinant full-length Sptrx-2 expressed in bacteria displayed neither thioredoxin nor NDP kinase enzymatic activity.CONCLUSIONS: The sperm specific expression of Sptrx-2, together with its chromosomal assignment to a position reported as a potential locus for flagellar anomalies and male infertility phenotypes such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, suggests that it might be a novel component of the human sperm axonemal organization.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Martin N, et al.
(författare)
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Attraction modulated by spacing of pheromone components and anti-attractants in a bark beetle and a moth
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1561 .- 0098-0331. ; 37, s. 899-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orientation for insects in olfactory landscapes with high semiochemical diversity may be a challenging task. The partitioning of odor plumes into filaments that are interspersed with pockets of ‘clean air’ may help filament discrimination and upwind flight to attractive sources in the face of inhibitory signals. We studied the effect of distance between odor sources on trap catches of the beetle, Ips typographus, and the moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Insects were tested both to spatially separated pheromone components [cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol for Ips; (Z,E)- 9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate for Spodoptera], and to separated pheromone and anti-attractant sources [non-host volatile (NHV) blend for Ips; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate for Spodoptera]. Trap catch data were complemented with simulations of plume structure and plume overlap from two separated sources using a photo ionization detector and soap bubble generators. Trap catches of the beetle and the moth were both affected when odor sources in the respective traps were increasingly separated. However, this effect on trap catch occurred at smaller (roughly by an order of magnitude) odor source separation distances for the moth than for the beetle. This may reflect differences between the respective olfactory systems and central processing. For both species, the changes in trap catches in response to separation of pheromone components occurred at similar spacing distances as for separation of pheromone and anti-attractant sources. Overlap between two simulated plumes depended on distance between the two sources. In addition, the number of detected filaments and their concentration decreased with downwind distance. This implies that the response to separated odor sources in the two species might take place under different olfactory conditions. Deploying multiple sources of anti-attractant around a pheromone trap indicated long-distance (meter scale) effects of NHVon the beetle and a potential use for NHV in forest protection.
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| 18. |
- Aydin, C., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, diffused reflectance and electrical properties of nanocrystalline Fe-doped ZnO via sol-gel calcination technique
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics and Laser Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0030-3992. ; 48, s. 447-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nanocrystalline ZnO:Fe semiconductor oxides were successfully synthesized via the sol-gel calcination method. Structural, optical and electrical properties of the investigated samples were characterized by various techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis absorption and electrical transport measurements. The optical band gap for undoped ZnO (3.19 eV) decreases (2.75 eV) with increasing Fe-doped ZnO (20%). The temperature dependences of the electrical conductivities of undoped ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO were measured and analyzed by Arrhenius equation. The electrical conductivity of the samples decreases with the increase of Fe doping ratio; hence, the electrical conductivity mechanism is controlled by thermally activated processes. To support the nanostructure of Fe-doped ZnO, AFM micrographs were performed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Mahmmoud Sayed, Abd El-sadek, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic transport mechanism of CdTe nanocrystalline
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-0584. ; 130:1-2, s. 591-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CdTe nanocrystalline powder was synthesized by chemical process. The structure of CdTe nanocrystalline was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) spectrum and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) study confirms the crystallinity of the CdTe nanocrystalline. Some structural parameters such as the mean crystallite size, the dislocation density and the strain were calculated. The temperature dependence of the dc and ac conductivity was measured in the temperature range 293-423 K. It was found that the dc conductivity is thermally activated type. Values of dc activation energy and the pre-exponential were determined. The ac conductivity was found to increase with increasing both the temperature and frequency and follows the power low. The frequency exponent s was found to decrease with increasing temperature. The correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model was found to be applying to the ac conductivity data. The maximum barrier height W(m) and the density of localized states N(E(F)) were calculated and equal to 0.47 eV and 8.82 x 10(22) to 1.43 x10(23) eV(-1) cm(-3), respectively. CdTe nanomaterial is a good candidate for semiconductor devices due to its high conductivity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Muser, Daniele, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Stratification of Patients With Apparently Idiopathic Premature Ventricular Contractions A Multicenter International CMR Registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: JACC. - : ELSEVIER. - 2405-500X .- 2405-5018. ; 6:6, s. 722-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prevalence and prognostic significance of concealed myocardial abnormalities identified by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with apparently idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). BACKGROUND The rote of CMR imaging in patients with frequent PVCs and otherwise negative diagnostic workup is uncertain. METHODS This was a multicenter, international study that included 518 patients (age 44 +/- 15 years; 57% men) with frequent (>1,000/24 h) PVCs and negative routine diagnostic workup. Patients underwent a comprehensive CMR protocol including late gadolinium enhancement imaging for detection of necrosis and/or fibrosis. The study endpoint was a composite of sudden cardiac death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and nonfatal episodes of ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia that required appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. RESULTS Myocardial abnormalities were found in 85 (16%) patients. Mate gender (odds ratio [OR]: 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06 to 8.93; p = 0.01), family history of sudden cardiac death and/or cardiomyopathy (OR: 3.61; 95% CI: 1.33 to 9.82; p = 0.01), multifocat PVCs (OR: 11.12; 95% CI: 4.35 to 28.46; p < 0.01), and non-left bundle branch block inferior axis morphology (OR: 14.11; 95% CI: 7.35 to 27.07; p < 0.01) were alt significantly related to the presence of myocardial abnormalities. After a median follow-up of 67 months, the composite endpoint occurred in 26 (5%) patients. Subjects with myocardial abnormalities on CMR had a higher incidence of the composite outcome (n = 25; 29%) compared with those without abnormalities (n = 1; 0.2%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CMR can identify concealed myocardial abnormalities in 16% of patients with apparently idiopathic frequent PVCs. Presence of myocardial abnormalities on CMR predict worse clinical outcomes. (C) 2019 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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| 23. |
- Sadek, Christine M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of human thioredoxin-like 2. A novel microtubule-binding thioredoxin expressed predominantly in the cilia of lung airway epithelium and spermatid manchette and axoneme
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 278:15, s. 13133-13142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe here the cloning and characterization of a novel member of the thioredoxin family, thioredoxin-like protein 2 (Txl-2). The Txl-2 open reading frame codes for a protein of 330 amino acids consisting of two distinct domains: an N-terminal domain typical of thioredoxins and a C-terminal domain belonging to the nucleoside-diphosphate kinase family, separated by a small interface domain. The Txl-2 gene spans approximately 28 kb, is organized into 11 exons, and maps at locus 3q22.3-q23. A splicing variant lacking exon 5 (Delta 5Txl-2) has also been isolated. By quantitative real time PCR we demonstrate that Txl-2 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed, with testis and lung having the highest levels of expression. Unexpectedly, light and electron microscopy analyses show that the protein is associated with microtubular structures such as lung airway epithelium cilia and the manchette and axoneme of spermatids. Using in vitro translated proteins, we demonstrate that full-length Txl-2 weakly associates with microtubules. In contrast, Delta 5Txl-2 specifically binds with very high affinity brain microtubule preparations containing microtubule-binding proteins. Importantly, Delta 5Txl-2 also binds to pure microtubules, proving that it possesses intrinsic microtubule binding capability. Taken together, Delta 5Txl-2 is the first thioredoxin reported to bind microtubules and might therefore be a novel regulator of microtubule physiology.
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| 24. |
- Sadek, Medhat M.
(författare)
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Antifeedant and toxic activity of Adhatoda vasica leaf extract against Spodoptera littoralis (Lep., Noctuidae)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048. ; 127:7, s. 396-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of crude methanolic extracts of Adhatoda vasica leaves on the feeding and performance of Spodoptera littoralis larvae was investigated in the laboratory. Feeding on fresh leaves resulted in 100% mortality of larvae after 26 days of unsubstantial growth. The extract exhibited strong antifeedant and toxic activity against the larvae when applied either on leaf discs or incorporated into artificial diet. Under choice conditions the antifeedant index calculated over 72 h for neonate larvae increased significantly (from 71.5+/-3.2 to 92.1+/-4.2) as the concentration of extract in the treated diet increased from 200 to 1000 ppm. Consumption by the sixth instar larvae of leaf discs dipped in 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2% extract solutions was significantly lower than consumption of control discs in both choice and no-choice tests. The latter two concentrations deterred feeding by 63.4 and 90.4%, respectively, under choice conditions, while only the 0.2% extract solution deterred feeding by 56.8% in the no-choice test. Toxicity of the extracts was manifested by a high mortality, reduced growth rates, and low weight gain by larvae fed on diets containing 200-2000 ppm of the extract. No larvae survived to pupation under the latter concentration. The time to pupation increased from 15.8+/-0.4 to 37.9+/-4.1 days as the extract concentration in diet increased from 0 to 1000 ppm. When fed to the fifth instar larvae, the crude extract significantly reduced consumption, growth, utilization of ingested and digested food, and approximate digestibility. The consumption-dependent growth efficiency of animals fed on extract-free diet was significantly higher than the growth efficiency of animals fed on extract-containing diets, suggesting both antifeedant and toxic activities of the extract.
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| 25. |
- Sadek, Medhat M., et al.
(författare)
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Glomerular representation of plant volatiles and sex pheromone components in the antennal lobe of the female Spodoptera littoralis.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - 1477-9145. ; 205:10, s. 1363-1376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the projection patterns of antennal lobe (AL) interneurones sensitive to plant volatiles and female-produced sex pheromone components in the female moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Ten compounds (eight plant-derived compounds and two sex pheromone components) were singly applied to the antenna and, using intracellular recording and staining techniques, the physiological and morphological characteristics of responding neurones were investigated. In addition, ALs stained with a synapsin antibody were optically sectioned using confocal microscopy, and a three-dimensional map of glomeruli in the anterior aspect of the AL was reconstructed. We used the map as a reference for identification of glomeruli innervated by projection neurones (PNs) that respond to plant volatiles and/or pheromone components. Nineteen PNs, responding to one to seven compounds of the ten tested stimuli, were stained with neurobiotin. These neurones each arborised in a single glomerulus in the frontal side of the AL. PNs responding to the same compound arborised in different glomeruli and PNs arborising in the same glomerulus responded to different compounds. Accordingly, glomeruli harbouring the dendritic arborisations of PNs responding to each of the tested compounds constituted a unique array of glomeruli that were not necessarily adjacent. It was thus clear that, at the output level, a single plant volatile or a sex pheromone component was not represented within a single glomerulus in the AL. We expect complex patterns of glomeruli to be involved in the coding of plant-derived compounds, as well as sex pheromone components, in female S. littoralis.
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